The New Deal 1932-1941
NOTE WRITE THE FULL NAME OF THE AGENCIES YOU ARE ASKED ABOUT ON YOUR GUIDED NOTES
Roaring Twenties Politics Change With the deepening Depression in full effect many Americans are eager for any way out Bolshevik Revolution began to appeal to many Americans in the waning days of the Red Scare Popular Front rises Coalition of antifascist groups in the US led by the American Communist Party Argued the government was being controlled by large corporations and business interests Organized many of the unemployed during the Depression Took firm stance against racial injustice Organized many African Americans still in the South (especially sharecroppers)
Election of 1932 Republican Herbert Hoover Democrat Franklin Roosevelt
#32 President Franklin D. Roosevelt More commonly known as FDR Former New York Governor Distant cousin of former President Theodore Roosevelt Diagnosed with polio in 1921 (mostly paralyzed him) Longest serving president in US History (4 terms) Promised to help end the Great Depression I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people United the factions of the Democratic Party Wins 57% popular vote and more than 90% electoral vote Democrats take control of both the Senate and House
Roosevelt s New Deal Roosevelt used his First Hundred Days in office to implement his new ideas He called his new plan the New Deal Plan centered around 3 proposed points Relief: the concept of helping people immediately to get out of the misery of the Depression Recovery: aimed at helping the business community and restarting the economy Reform: trying to change policies so that a depression could never again have significant effects on the country
Roosevelt s New Deal Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933) ~25% of banks failed during the Depression Act allow the Congress and the President to reopen good banks and monitor transactions Glass-Steagall Act (1933) A.k.a. Banking Act of 1933 Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Allowed the US government to insure the money in bank accounts of Americans Fireside Chats Radio addresses given by FDR to help restore faith in public banks
FDR s 1 st New Deal 1933-1935 Focused primarily on relief and recovery Public Works Administration (PWA) created Provided $4 billion to state governments to improve infrastructures (roads, schools, highways, etc.) Organized efforts for new employment Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Employment for young men (18-24 y.o.) in exchange for workers sending home portion of income to support their families Planted trees, built parks, largely environmental work Urged further organization of Labor Unions Pushed for workers rights Works Progress Administration (WPA) Infrastructural improvements Employed 40% of US workers Pushed efforts to aid the less fortunate (most Americans)
FDR s 1 st New Deal The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) helped farmers and created jobs and energy for the Tennessee River Valley. Helped to bring jobs to the very poor South. Provided electricity to many rural areas. Allowed for the control of rivers that often flooded and damaged property.
FDR s 1 st New Deal In 1935, Congress passed a National Labor Relations Act, called the Wagner Act, which legalized collective bargaining Collective bargaining negotiating wages and conditions of employment It outlawed spying on union activities and blacklisting. The Wagner Act caused a great increase in union membership. The act set up a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce its rules. In 1938, a Fair Labor Standards Act banned child labor and set up a minimum wage.
FDR s 1 st New Deal Roosevelt s First New Deal attempted to help bring the US out of the Depression did not fully complete the job There was still work to be done as the Depression kept its tight grip on most of American society The limited success of the New Deal caused many Americans to begin to grow frustrated with the continuing grip of the Depression
FDR s 2 nd New Deal In 1935, FDR used his increasing executive power to pass the Second New Deal to continue an attempt to increase the relief felt by many Americans from the Depression. 2 nd New Deal promised an increase in: Social welfare benefits Government controls over business Government support for unions Taxes on the wealthy (the government decided who was considered wealthy )
FDR s 2 nd New Deal 1935-1938 Focused primarily on reforms Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Paid farmers NOT to grow crops (attempted to remedy overproduction in farming industry) Overturned in Butler v. US National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Allowed President to set limits on industry (prices, working hours, etc.) Overturned in Schecter Poultry v. US Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) Oversaw the protect stock market from fraud
FDR s 2 nd New Deal In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act Established a Social Security System in the US This system offered 3 types of insurance backed by the government: Old-age pensions and survivors benefits. Unemployment insurance. Aid for dependent children, the blind, and the physically disabled.
The Legacy of the New Deal The biggest success of the New Deal was that it gave Americans some sense of hope in the midst of the Depression Government programs/intervention claimed to be the difference between survival and starvation for millions of Americans.
Supporters/Resistors of the New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt FDR s most important colleague was his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt. Eleanor and Franklin were actually 5 th cousins, each from a different branch of the Roosevelt family The public got used to her unconventional style, and many came to admire her for her enthusiasm, humanity, and idealism. She became the face of Roosevelt s administration due to his disability. Eleanor also used her status in FDR s administration to push some parts of her own agenda (African American Rights and Women s Rights)
Supporters/Resistors of the New Deal Huey Long Democratic governor of Louisiana. Long laregely disagreed with Roosevelt s plans and ideas and proposed his own plans to target the Depression. He proposed redistributing the wealth of America to try and curb poverty and end the Great Depression. His slogan became Every Man a King He wanted to significantly raise taxes on everyone in the US in an attempt to supply government programs to help the poor Long was assassinated in 1935 at the age of 42. Some accused FDR of planning Long s death
Supporters/Resistors of the New Deal Dr. Francis Townsend Coughlin Townsend Keynes Proposed giving government stipend of $200/month to senior citizens Fr. Charles Coughlin New Deal supporter turned critic Believed Roosevelt should have nationalized the US banking industry John Maynard Keynes Economist that advised/influenced FDR Believed government should run a deficit in order to improve economy
Election of 1936 Republican Alf Landon Democrat Franklin Roosevelt
Court Packing scandal Because the Supreme Court had overturned some of FDR s plans, he wanted to change the Supreme Court to meet his goals and pass his own agenda. FDR wanted the number of judges serving on the Supreme Court changed from 9 to 15 (to "pack the court"). Roosevelt tried to bypass Congress by executive action but met with heavy resistance FDR eventually backed down from his proposal
The Neutrality Acts Still weary from US involvement in WWI, many in the US wanted to stay OUT of the conflict brewing in Europe and the Pacific. One of the primary reasons the US refused to join the League of Nations Nazi Germany was gaining power in Europe Imperial Japan was gaining power in the Pacific Congress passed Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1936 and 1937 that prohibited the US from selling weapons to any warring nation. Roosevelt didn t like that these acts prevented the US from helping its allies.
Election of 1940 Republican Wendell Willkie Democrat Franklin Roosevelt
TICKET OUT THE DOOR Read the selection on the back of your guided notes comparing and contrasting the New Deal with the Progressive Era Copy and complete the chart below on your own paper PROGRESSIVE ERA SIMILARITIES NEW DEAL