U.S. Imperialism
Between 1870 and 1900, Europeans had taken over 1/5 of land and 1/10 of population of the world Germany became America s biggest imperialist foe and largely spurred U.S. into imperialism; Germany sought colonies in Africa, Asia, Latin America & Caribbean.
Possible explanations for American imperial surge in 1890s financial essentials national greatness racism
CAUSES Businesses need raw materials for factories Businesses need new markets for surplus goods Economic competition develops among industrial nations Countries seek strategic military locations
EFFECTS U.S. builds a strong navy U.S. gains lands in Pacific and Caribbean U.S. develops Open Door policy with China Panama Canal is built U.S. sends troops to protect interests and quell rebellions
Not everyone was for expansion At the heart of a system which produces this kind of obscene inequality is ruthless competition between corporations constantly on the lookout for new ways to make profits. The process of competition forces capitalists to look beyond their own national boundaries to gain access to new and cheap raw materials and workers. ISR Issue 7, Spring 1999
told European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere. It is a non-intervention pact and provides nation with a self-defense policy. It allows U.S. to focus on developing itself and not get involved in foreign affairs It is a foretelling sign to Latin American countries that U.S. has interests of expanding -
Early forms of Diplomacy that supported U.S Imperialism Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary- Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Missionary Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Open Door Policy
1890 U.S. encouraged to build a canal across the isthmus of Central America to link Atlantic & Pacific Oceans. (1898-1917): New territories gained in Spanish American War: Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines 1889 First Pan-American Conference in Washington, D.C. 1889 U.S. and German navies nearly engage over Samoan Islands. Out of it U.S. gets Pago Pago.
Manifest Destiny A form of Domestic Imperialism Having fulfilled the quest for manifest destiny, Americans were warming to the idea of overseas expansion.
Roosevelt's Speak softly Speak softly and carry a big stick Policy: The US in the world, 1901-1913 Who? * Theodore Roosevelt * William Howard Taft Where? Panama Canal & Colombia *Japan & China Cuba under the Platt Amendment * Venezuela Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) Canada Manifest Destiny
Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy: The Why? US in the world, 1901-1913 Domestic reasons: the search for order or the search for opportunity? Responsibility/duty of the US as "a force for stability in the world" Between 1883 and 1890 the US built nine steel-hulled cruisers
What is the difference between the three words below? Use them in different sentences with the United States being the subject. Expansion Intervention Imperialism : a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
How does the U.S. defend Imperialism in contrast to European Empires? US leaders did not engage on the scale that Europe did. European Empires were huge, wanted to grow power and project outwards US occupied territories to protect their interests in trade and defense
Marked the entrance of the U.S. into the worldwide scramble for colonies among the advanced powers. Between Spain, America, Cubans, Pilipino, Guamanians Two fronts- Caribbean and Pacific How does it start? Spanish misrule damaged Cuba s sugar-based economy-many American owned plantations A new Cuban rebellion in the 1890s resulted in American property losses Explosion of Battleship Maine in1898 immediate cause
Spain declared war Yellow journalism and Randoloh Hearstdemonstrates power of media and war You furnish the pictures & I ll furnish the war Novelist Mark Twain made no bones about what this meant: How our hearts burned with indignation against the atrocious Spaniards...But when the smoke was over, the dead buried and the cost of the war came back to the people in an increase in the price of commodities and rent--that is, when we sobered up from our patriotic spree--it suddenly dawned on us that the cause of the Spanish-American war was the price of sugar.... that the lives, blood, and money of the American people were used to protect the interests of American capitalists.
Treaty of Paris 1898 1. Cuba freed from Spain 2. U.S. received Pacific island of Guam which they had captured early in the war. 3. U.S. gained Puerto Rico, the last vestige of Spain s American empire. 4. Philippine issue a major dilemma in the negotiations. U.S. seizes Manila and doesn t immediately grant it independence
Good Neighbor Policy 1933 FDR s desire to improve relations with nations of South and Central America. Emphasized cooperation and trade rather than military force to maintain stability in the hemisphere No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another. The definite policy of United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention.
Good Neighbor Policy withdrawal of US military forces inter-american meetings: Montevideo 1933; Buenos Aires 1936 --> principles of nonintervention & noninterference; equality of sovereignty of all nations eg Cuba continuation of economic pressure: promoting trade cultural dimensions: Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
Early Imperialism: The U.S. will choose to invest mainly for economic reasons Post-WWII Imperialism: The U.S. will choose to intervene mainly to promote democracy worldwide *Underlining factor will always to be protect economic interests
Domestic Expansion Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley, California, c1906.
U.S. Military Bases today
Covert Intervention since 1950
U.S. Nuclear Weapons Sites
You will need to include
Web quest on American Imperialism Within your groups choose one of the following areas of intervention 1.Philippines, Anti-Imperialist League 2.Cuba, Platt Amendment 3.Panama, treaties 1901-1903 4. China, Boxer Rebellion 6. Annexation of Hawai i 5. Dollar Diplomacy in Honduras, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua