Chapter 11 - Population Social Studies 11 Mrs Mactavish Images and notes graciously borrowed and adapted from Thielmann s Web River (http://dpts.sd57.bc.ca/~gthielmann/ss11/index.html)
Part A - Population and Demography
Demography Statistical study of human populations Data collected via the census every 5 years (see news article) Babylonian census taker
Birth and Death Rates Birth rates: calculated by taking the total births per year and dividing this number by the total populatin size, then multiplying that by 1000 (makes it easier to compare one country to another) e.g. (100 births / 100,000 people) X 1000 = 0.1 (low!) Death rates, immigration and emigration rates are also calculated this way
2002/2003 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 r 2006/2007 p birth rate per 1,000 population Canada 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.8 Newfoundland and Labrador 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.5 Prince Edward Island 10.0 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.8 Nova Scotia 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.0 New Brunswick 9.5 9.4 9.1 9.1 9.0 Quebec 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.3 10.9 Ontario 10.6 10.8 10.6 10.6 10.6 Manitoba 11.9 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Saskatchewan 11.8 12.2 12.0 12.1 12.1 Alberta 12.6 12.8 12.7 12.9 13.3 British Columbia 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.8 Yukon Territory 10.6 12.2 11.0 10.2 10.0 Northwest Territories 15.7 16.4 16.5 16.4 16.0 Nunavut 26.3 24.7 24.2 23.5 24.1 p : preliminary. r : revised. Note: From July 1 of one year to June 30 of the next year. Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, tables (for fee) 051-0001 and 051-0004, and Catalogue no. 91-213-X. Last modified: 2007-11-29.
Immigration In Canada, immigration has a large influence on population growth (also in USA and Australia) This results in a multicultural population :) Yay!
Population Rates Births - Death = Natural rate of increase (or decrease) Immigrants - Emigrants = Net Migration Natural Increase + Net Migration = Increase or decrease in population
Example Population is 100,000 200 are born (200/100,000 X 1000) = birth rate of 2 50 die (50/100,000 x 1000) = death rate of 0.5 1000 people move in (1000/100000 X 1000) = immigration rate of 10 500 people move away (500/100000 X 1000) = net emigration rate of 5 births (2) - deaths (.5) + immigration (10) + emigration (5) = 1.5 + 5 = growth rate of 6.5
Rule of Seventy Population doubling time = how long it takes to double in size Doubling time = 70 / population growth rate
Map Study - this is the world
What does this map demonstrate?
Answer: Population!
How about this one?
Wealth or GDP
And this one?
Child Mortality Rates
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Green House Gas Emissions
Last one!
People with HIV/AIDS
Part B: Modeling Population -The DTM
The Demographic Transition Model Demographic transition model: (DTM) describes population changes over time It is based on an interpretation begun in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson
Observations of the DTM Primitive societies experience high birth and death rates (poor healthcare, nutrition and sanitation) Improvement & development results in rapid population growth (reduced mortality, fertility stays the same) Societies react to this by lowering fertility rates (purposely limiting family size) Eventually a balance is struck and there is a net zero population growth
Notes on the stages Very few are at stage 1 Nations at stage 2 and 3 are developing Nations at stage 4 are developed - economically stable & higher cost of living compared to 3 = fewer children Nations at stage 5 are shrinking in population size
DTM and Canada - dependency ratios
Impacts of the DTM on CAN Result = the sandwich generation high dependency ratios as baby boomers retire working class supporting a large population
Population Pyramids Population pyramid: graph that shows the age and sex structure of a population Cohorts: age intervals of five years in a pyramid, separated by sex Dependency Ratio: population supported by working age group (People aged 0-15 or 65+ that are supported by working age people )
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids - 2006
Pyramids model our changing population
What can we learn? Birth and death rates are declining Older population is increasing Will be pressure on health care system as fewer young people to take care of the elderly/pay taxes to support Need immigration to fill the gap in workers
Classifying Pyramids - Early Expanding
Classifying Pyramids Expanding
Classifying Pyramids Stable
Classifying Pyramids Contracting
Part C: What to do about population growth?
Young Populations Developing countries More jobs are needed (many young people entering the job market) Economy needs to improve to provide jobs and help people escape poverty
One Child Policy To control the population problem, China offered incentives (cash, medical care, housing) to encourage one child Cut birth rates in half Created problems female infanticide pressure on farming communities forced migration to cities Little Emperor Syndrome Difficult to support aging population Smuggling
Vocabulary Words Ecumene: built up places on the earth Population density: concentration of people in certain areas (number of people living in a certain area) Arable Land: Farm land Carrying Capacity: number of people the land can support Nutritional density: number of calories produced in a specified area