UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE FALL 2009 POL 474H-F/2317H-F - POLITICS AND POLICY ANALYSIS

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE FALL 2009 POL 474H-F/2317H-F - POLITICS AND POLICY ANALYSIS Tuesdays 12 noon - 2:00 p.m. Gerald Larkin Building Room 340 Instructor: Prof. Linda A. White Office: 3030 Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street Office Hours: Tuesdays 2:15-4:00 p.m.; or by appointment Telephone: 416-978-3342 Email: lwhite@chass.utoronto.ca Course Synopsis and Objectives: This course examines the relationship between politics, rationality, and public policy-making. A central theme and indeed assumption in public policy analysis is the rational model of decisionmaking. This course explores various aspects of that model as well as critiques. How well does the rationality model serve public policy makers? Is it an accurate reflection of what policy makers do? Does it account for policy change (or stasis)? Throughout the course, theories of public policy-making analyzed and discussed in class will be applied to specific cases in comparative public policy. Required Readings: Most required readings are available online via the U of T Library s E-Resources and have been indicated as such on the syllabus. Required readings not available on E-Resources have been assembled into a course packet available for purchase at The Copy Place, 720 Spadina Ave (at Bloor, just north of the Canada Post) (416-961-2679). Other items are available on the open shelves of the various libraries. All students may, and graduate students are encouraged to read in addition to the required readings and bring insights from those readings to class discussions and to their written work. Background: Students who have not previously completed a public policy course are encouraged to read an introductory text, such as: Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. 1 st or 2 nd ed. Toronto: Oxford U.P., 1995; 2003.

2 Pal, Leslie A. Beyond Policy Analysis: Public Issue Management in Turbulent Times. 2 nd ed. Scarborough: Nelson, 2001. Or an edited compilation of public policy readings such as: Moran, Michael, Martin Rein, and Robert E. Goodin, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Given our interest in assessing rationalist approaches to policy making, it may be used to review a public policy textbook which consciously employs them. Examples include: Bickers, Kenneth N. and John T. Williams. Public Policy Analysis: A Political Economy Approach. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Munger, Michael C. Analyzing Policy: Choices, Conflicts, and Practices. New York: Norton: 2000. Weimer, David L. and Aidan R. Vining. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999. In contrast, see: Stone, Deborah. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Course Requirements: Participation: This course is an advanced, reading- and discussion-intensive seminar. Students are expected to complete each week s required readings in advance, attend every class, and contribute actively to class discussions. In order to ensure all students contribute to the class, attendance will be taken. It is the students responsibility to account for any absences, as unexplained and unexcused absences will be taken into account in calculating the class participation grade. In addition to consistent attendance (one cannot participate if one does not attend) the participation grade will be based on consistent, constructive, high-quality interventions in seminar discussion, and will be weighted depending on whether the student is at the undergraduate or graduate level. The breakdown of the seminar participation grade of 20 per cent will be as follows: one third for attendance, one third for the quantity of participation, and one third for the quality of participation. Factors to be taken into consideration in evaluating the quality of your participation include being prepared for class, being attentive to class discussion, raising thoughtful comments and questions in class, and providing insight and analysis to the readings and discussions

3 Written work: The rest of the grades for the course will be based on the results of two written assignments. The questions are found at the end of the syllabus. Research for the essays will be based on and expanded from required and recommended readings on the course syllabus. You are of course welcome to go beyond these readings. Please note that I expect students to turn in assignments on time. No exceptions will be made except in the case of an adequately documented emergency. You must make a reasonable effort to contact me as soon as the problem arises to inform me of the problem, and present your written documentation to me when you return. It is at my discretion whether to accept the late assignment and/or attach a lateness penalty. Students are strongly advised to keep rough and draft work and hard copies of their assignments before handing in to the instructor or the Department. These should be kept until the marked assignments have been returned. All graded assignments are to be kept by students until the grades have been posted on ROSI. Grading Scheme: First essay: Due in class 20 October 2009 35 % Second essay: Due 4 December 2009 45 % Participation: 20 % Academic Integrity: Please be aware of the importance of academic integrity and the seriousness of academic dishonesty, including plagiarism. The more obvious instances of plagiarism include copying material from another source (book, journal, another student, and so on) without acknowledging the source, presenting an argument as your own whether or not it is a direct quotation rather than fully acknowledging the true originator of the idea, having another person help you to write your essay, and buying an essay. Taking materials from the internet without acknowledging the source is plagiarism. Use of unauthorized materials during exams is cheating. All of these are instances of academic dishonesty, which the university takes very seriously and they will result in academic penalty. Those penalties can range from failing the assignment, failing the course, having a notation on your academic transcript, and/or suspension from the university. For further information on the University s Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters, see: http://www.artsandscience.utoronto.ca/ofr/calendar/rules.htm#behaviour. Normally, students will be required to submit their course essays to Turnitin.com for a review of textual similarity and detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so, students will allow their essays to be included as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to the University's use of the Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com web site. If you object to using turnitin.com, please see the course instructor to establish appropriate alternative arrangements for submission of your written assignments.

4 To avoid problems in your assignments, please consult How Not to Plagiarize, by Margaret Procter, Coordinator of Writing Support, U of T: http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/usingsources/how-not-to-plagiarize Office Hours, Email Policy: You may, indeed, you are encouraged to see me during office hours, or, if that is not possible, by appointment, to consult about the written assignments or class material or to talk about the course in general. I also endeavor to respond to email within 48 hours of receiving messages (weekdays only). Email received during weekends and holidays may take longer to answer. Please do not submit course assignments via email. Students with Accessibility Issues Students requiring assistance because of an accessibility issue should feel free to inform me and contact Accessibility Services (http://www.accessibility.utoronto.ca) as soon as possible. Schedule of Readings: Week 1 (15 Sept) Introduction: Broad Themes in Public Policy-Making and Policy Analysis -what is policy analysis? -the rationalization of policy making: policy sciences * Box 1.1 in Pal: 19 (Reader). * DeLeon, Peter and Katie Kaufmanis. Public Policy Theory: Will it Play in Peoria? Policy Currents (Newsletter of the Public Policy Section of the APSA) 10, 4 (Winter 2000-01), 9-12. Online: http://apsapolicysection.org/currents.html. * Piven, Frances Fox. The Politics of Policy Science. In Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics. Eds. Ian Shapiro, Rogers M. Smith and Tarek E. Masoud. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 42-66 (Reader). Danziger, Marie. Policy Analysis Postmodernized: Some Political and Pedagogical Ramifications. Policy Studies Journal 23, 3 (1995), 435-450. DeLeon, Peter. Reinventing the Policy Sciences: Three Steps Back into the Future. Policy Sciences 27, 1 (1994), 77-95. Fischer, Frank. Response: Reconstructing Policy Analysis: A Postpositivist Perspective. Policy Sciences 25, 3 (1993), 333-9.

5 Hawkesworth, Mary. Policy Studies within a Feminist Framework. Policy Sciences 27, 2-3 (1994), 97-118. Lasswell, Harold D. The Policy Orientation. In The Policy Sciences: Recent Developments in Scope and Method. Eds. Daniel Lerner and Harold D. Lasswell. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1951, 3-15. Phillips, Susan. Discourse, Identity and Voice: Feminist Contributions to Policy Studies in Policy Studies in Canada: The State of the Art. Eds. L. Dobuzinskis et al. Toronto: U of T Press, 1996, 242-265. Sabatier, Paul A. Theories of the Policy Process: Theoretical Lenses on Public Policy. Boulder: Westview, 1999. Simeon, Richard. Studying Public Policy. Canadian Journal of Political Science 9 (1976), 548-80. Torgerson, Douglas. Between Knowledge and Politics: Three Faces of Policy Analysis. Policy Sciences 19, 1 (1986), 33-59. Tribe, Lawrence. Policy Science: Analysis or Ideology? Philosophy and Public Affairs 2, 1 (1972), 66-110. Weimer, David L. and Aidan R. Vining. What Is Policy Analysis? in Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999, 27-42. Week 2 (22 Sept) Rational Actor Models I (Decision Making and the Policy Process) * Broome, John. 2002. Economic Analysis. Encyclopedia of Ethics Vol. 1. Eds. Lawrence Becker and Charlotte Becker. New York: Routledge: 279-287. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/84193. * Shepsle, Kenneth A. and Mark S. Bonchek. Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions. New York: Norton, 1997, chapter 2: 15-35 (Reader). * Elster, Jon. The Nature and Scope of Rational Choice Explanation in Actions and Events. Eds. E. Lepore and B. McLaughlin. Basil Blackwell, 1986, 60-72. Online: http://www.geocities.com/hmelberg/elster/ar85nsrc.htm. Elster, Jon, ed. Rational Choice. New York: NYU Press, 1986, 82-107. Flanagan, Thomas. Game Theory and Canadian Politics. Toronto: UTP, 1998. Landry, Réjean. Rational Choice and Canadian Policy Studies in Policy Studies in Canada: The State of the Art. Eds. L. Dobuzinskis et al. Toronto: U of T Press, 1996, 170-92.

6 Morrow, James D. Game Theory for Political Scientists. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1994. Riker, William H. Political Science and Rational Choice. In Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. Eds. James E. Alt and Kenneth A. Shepsle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 163-181 (Reader). Welch, David A. Decisions, Decisions: The Art of Effective Decision Making. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2002. Week 3 (29 Sept) Rational Actor Models II: Public Choice and Rational Institutionalism * Becker, Gary S. The Economic Approach to Human Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976, ch. 1, 3-14 (Reader). * Downs, Anthony. Why the Government Budget Is Too Small in a Democracy. World Politics 12, 4 (1960), 541-63. E-Resources: http://main.library.utoronto.ca/webcat/goto_catalogue_url.cfm?where=ckey&what=2786065 * North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge U.P., 1990, ch. 1, 3-10 (Reader). Miller, Gary and Thomas Hammond. Why Politics is More Fundamental Than Economics: Incentive-Compatible Mechanisms Are Not Credible. Journal of Theoretical Politics 6, 1 (1994), 5-26. Coase, Robert. The Firm, The Market, and the Law. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1988. Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1957. Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U.P., 1965. Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge UP, 1990. Pierson, Paul. The New Politics of the Welfare State. World Politics 48, 2 (1996), 143-179. Scharpf, Fritz W. Games Real Actors Play: Actor-Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. Shepsle, Kenneth A. Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach. Journal of Theoretical Politics 1, 2 (1989), 131-47. Weaver, R. Kent. The Politics of Blame Avoidance. Journal of Public Policy 6, 4 (1986), 371-398.

7 Week 4 (6 Oct) Probing the Rationality of Choice * Lindblom, Charles. The Science of Muddling Through. Public Administration Review 19, 2 (Spring 1959), 79-88. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/53344. * March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions. Governance 9, 3 (July 1996), 247-264. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52864. * Tversky, Amos and Daniel Kahneman. The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science 211, 4481 (1981), 453-458. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/66991. Ariely, Daniel. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces that Shape Our Decisions. New York: Harper, 2007. Bendor, Jonathan. Herbert A. Simon: Political Scientist. American Review of Political Science, 6 (2003), 433-471. Bendor, Jonathan, Terry M. Moe and Kenneth W. Shotts. Recycling the Garbage Can: An Assessment of the Research Program. American Political Science Review 95, 1 (March 2001), 169-190 plus Johan Olsen s reply in the same issue 191-198. Cook, Karen Schweers and Margaret Levi. The Limits of Rationality. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1990. Forester, John. Bounded Rationality and the Politics of Muddling Through. Public Administration Review 44, 1 (January 1984), 23-31. Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women s Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1982. Green, Donald and Ian Shapiro. Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory. New Haven: Yale UP, 1994. Henrich, John, et al. 2001. In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies. The American Economic Review 91, 2: 73-78. Jones, Bryan D. Bounded Rationality. Annual Review of Political Science 2 (1999), 297-321. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/51783. Kahneman, Daniel and Amos Tversky, eds. Choices, Values and Frames. New York: Cambridge UP, 2000.

8 Kathlene, Lyn. In a Different Voice: Women in the Policy Process in Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future. Eds. S. Thomas and C. Wilcox. New York: Oxford U.P., 1998, 188-202 (Reader). Lichbach, Mark. Is Rational Choice Theory All of Social Science? Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. Lindblom, Charles. Still Muddling, Not Yet Through. Public Administration Review 39, 6 (November/December 1979), 517-26. March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. American Political Science Review 78 (1984), 734-749. March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: The Free Press, 1989. March, James G. and Herbert Simon. Organizations. New York: J. Wiley, 1958. Scott, James. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale UP, 1999. Stone, Deborah. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Thaler, Richard H. and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. New Haven: Yale UP, 2007. Week 5 (13 Oct) CASE 1: Understanding the Global Financial Crisis (2007+) * Brooks, David. 2008. The Behavioral Revolution. The New York Times (28 October). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/61499. * Council on Foeign Relations. 2009. Timeline: Global Economy in Crisis. Online: http://www.cfr.org/publication/18709/. * The Economist. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/84301: 1. The Alchemists of Finance 19 May 2007 2. Greed and Fear 24 January 2009 3. Special report on the Economics discipline 16 July 2009 * Interview between Nassim Taleb and Daniel Kahneman, 27 January 2009. Online: http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kahneman_taleb_dld09/kahneman_taleb_dld09_index.html. * Shiller, Robert. 2007. Seven Questions: How to Deal with Irrational Exuberance. Foreign Policy (August). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/58715.

9 Fox, Justin. 2009. The Myth of the Rational Market. New York: Harper Collins. Roubini, Nouriel. 2007. Have We Learned the Lessons of Black Monday? Foreign Policy (October). Roubini, Nouriel. 2008. The Coming Financial Pandemic. Foreign Policy (March/April). Rotman School of Management. 2008. The Finance Crisis and Rescue: What Went Wrong? Why? What Lessons Can be Learned? Toronto: UTP. Shiller, Robert. 2003. The New Financial Order: Risk in the 21 st Century. Princeton UP. Shiller, Robert. 2008. The Subprime Solution: How Today s Global Financial Crisis Happened and What to Do About It. Princeton UP. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2001. Fooled By Randomness. New York: Texere. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2007. The Black Swan. New York: Random House. Week 6 (20 Oct) 1 st ESSAY DUE!! Agenda Setting and Policy Formulation I: Ideas, Interests, and Policy Framing * Kingdon, John W. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. 2nd ed. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1995. Chapter 8: 165-195 (Reader). * Lemann, Nicholas. 2008. Conflict of Interests. The New Yorker (11 August). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. (A more popular and updated article that tackles a number of themes in Mansbridge, Jane J. The Rise and Fall of Self-Interest in the Explanation of Political Life. In Beyond Self-Interest. Ed. Jane Mansbridge. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1990, 3-22.) * Rein, Martin and Donald A. Schon. Frame-Reflective Policy Discourse in Social Sciences and Modern States. Ed. P. Wagner et al. NY: Cambridge U.P., 1991, 262-89 (Reader). Bacchi, Carol Lee. Women, Policy and Politics: The Construction of Policy Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999. Baumgartner, Frank R. and Bryan D. Jones. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1993. Baumgartner, Frank R. and Bryan D. Jones. Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems. Journal of Politics 53, 4 (1991), 1044-1074. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/48727.

10 Baumgartner, Frank and Beth L. Leech. Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and Political Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U.P., 1998. Fischer, Frank. Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics and Deliberative Practices. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003. Fischer, Frank and John Forester, eds. The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning. Durham: Duke U.P., 1993. Majane, Giandomenico. Evidence, Argument and Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven: Yale U.P., 1989. Risse, Thomas. Let s Argue! : Communicative Action in World Politics. International Organization 54, 1 (Winter 2000), 1-39. Rochefort, David and Roger Cobb. Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice. Policy Studies Journal 21 (1993), 56-71. Sabatier, Paul A. and Hank C. Jenkins, eds. Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993. Schneider, Anne and Helen Ingram. Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy. American Political Science Review 87, 2 (1993), 334-47. Schon, Donald and Martin Rein. Frame Reflection: Towards the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies. New York: Basic Books, 1994. Smith, Richard A. Interest Group Influence in the U.S. Congress. Legislative Studies Quarterly 20 (1995), 89-139. Stone, Deborah. Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas. Political Science Quarterly 104, 2 (1989), 281-300. Woll, Cornelia. Leading the Dance? Power and Political Resources of Business Lobbyists. Journal of Public Policy 27 (2007), 57-78. Week 7 (27 Oct) Agenda Setting and Policy Formulation II: Institutions * Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary Taylor. 1996. Political Science and the Three Institutionalisms. Political Studies 44, 5: 936-957. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/66513. * Steinmo, Sven. Why is Government So Small in America? Governance 8 (1995), 303-334. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52864.

11 * Pontusson, Jonas. From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy: Putting Political Institutions in Their Place and Taking Interests Seriously. Comparative Political Studies 28 (1995), 117-147. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/53003. Atkinson, Michael and William Coleman. Policy Networks, Policy Communities and the Problems of Governance, Governance 5, 2 (1992), 154-180. Borzel, Tanja A. Organizing Babylon On the Different Conceptions of Policy Networks. Public Administration 76 (1998), 253-273. Coleman, William D. and Anthony Perl. Internationalized Policy Environments and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies 67 (1999), 691-709. Coleman, William D. and Grace Skogstad, eds. Policy Communities and Public Policy in Canada: A Structural Approach. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1990. Dowding, Keith. Model or Metaphor? A Critical Review of the Policy Network Approach. Political Studies 43 (1995), 136-158. Harrison, Kathryn. Too Close to Home: Dioxin Contamination of Breast Milk and the Political Agenda. Policy Sciences 34, 35-62. Helmke, Gretchen and Steven Levitsky. Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda. Perspectives on Politics 2 (2004), 725-740. Howlett, Michael. Do Networks Matter? Linking Policy Network Structure to Policy Outcomes: Evidence from Four Canadian Policy Sectors 1990-2000. Canadian Journal of Political Science 35, 2: 235-267. Steinmo, Sven, Kathleen Thelen and Frank Longstreth, eds. Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Thatcher, Mark. The Development of Policy Network Analyses: From Modest Origins to Overarching Frameworks. Journal of Theoretical Politics 10 (1998), 389-416. Weaver, R. Kent and Bert A. Rockman, eds. Do Institutions Matter? Washington: Brookings, 1993. Week 8 (3 Nov) CASE 2: Health Care Reform in the United States: * Skocpol, Theda. Boomerang: Health Care Reform and the Turn Against Government. New York: Norton, 1997, ch. 5, 133-172 (Reader) (although the whole book is useful).

12 * Steinmo, Sven and Jon Watts, It s the Institutions, Stupid: Why Comprehensive National Health Insurance Always Fails in America. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 20, 2 (Summer 1995), 329-72. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/51247. * Surowiecki, James. 2009. Status Quo Anxiety. The New Yorker (31 August). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. A History of Health Care Reform. The New York Times (19 July 2009). Online: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/19/us/politics/20090717_health_timeline.ht ml. Boychuk, Gerard W. 2008. National Health Insurance in the United States and Canada: Race, Territory, and the Roots of Difference. Washington: Georgetown UP. Gawande, Atul. 2009. The Cost Conundrum: What A Texas Town Can Teach Us About Health Care. The New Yorker (1 June). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. Giaimo, Susan and Philip Manow. Adapting the Welfare State: The Case of Health Care Reform in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Comparative Political Studies 32, 8 (December 1999), 967-1000. Hacker, Jacob S. The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States. New York: Cambridge U.P. Hacker, Jacob S. The Historical Logic of National Health Insurance: Structure and Sequence in the Development of British, Canadian, and U.S. Medical Policy. Studies in American Political Development 12, 1 (1998): 57-130. Hacker, Jacob S. Review Article: Dismantling the Health Care State? Political Institutions, Public Policies and the Comparative Politics of Health Reform. British Journal of Political Science 34 (2004): 693-724. Hacker, Jacob S. The Road to Nowhere: The Genesis of President Clinton s Plan for Health Security. Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1997. Maioini, Antonia. Parting at the Crossroads: The Emergence of Health Insurance in the United States and Canada. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U.P., 1998. Ruggie, Mary. The Paradox of Liberal Intervention: Health Policy and the American Welfare State. American Journal of Sociology 97, 4 (January 1992), 919-44. Rushefsky, Mark E. and Kant Patel. Politics, Power and Policy Making: The Case of Health Care Reform in the 1990s. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998, 243-53. Singer, Peter. 2009. Why We Must Ration Health Care. The New York Times Magazine (19 July). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/44095.

13 Tuohy, Carolyn Hughes. Accidental Logics: The Dynamics of Change in the Health Care Arena in the United States, Britain, and Canada. NY: Oxford U.P., 1999: 127-61. Wilsford, David. Path Dependency, or Why History makes It Difficult but Not Impossible to Reform Health Care Systems in a Big Way. Journal of Public Policy 14 (1994), 251-284. Week 9 (10 Nov) Policy Implementation and Evaluation I: Instrument Choice * Woodside, Kenneth. Policy Instruments and the Study of Public Policy. Canadian Journal of Political Science 19 (1986), 775-93. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/67087. * Schneider, Anne and Helen Ingram. Behavioral Assumptions of Policy Tools. Journal of Politics 52, 2 (1990), 510-29. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/48727. * Peters, B. Guy and John Pierre. Governance Without Government? Rethinking Public Administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8 (1998), 223-243. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/53251. Bemelmans-Videc, Marie-Louise, et al., eds.1998. Carrots, Sticks and Sermons: Policy Instruments and Their Evaluation. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Gladwell, Malcolm. Wrong Turn: How the Fight to Make America s Highways Safer Went Off Course. The New Yorker 11 June 2001, 50-61. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. Osborne, David and Ted Gaebler. Reinventing Government. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. Peters, B. Guy and Frans K.M. van Nispen, eds. Public Policy Instruments: Evaluating the Tools of Public Administration. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1998. Sabatier, Paul. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: A Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis. Journal of Public Policy 6 (1986), 21-48. Week 10 (17 Nov) CASE 3: Environmental Policy Making * Stavins, Robert N. and Bradley W. Whitehead. Dealing with Pollution: Market-Based Incentives for Environmental Protection. Environment 34, 7 (1992): 7-42. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/84334

14 * Bernstein, Steven, Jutta Brunnée, David Duff, and Andrew Green, eds. A Globally Integrated Climate Policy for Canada. Toronto: UTP, 2008, ch. 1, pp. 3-34 (Reader); other chapters in this volume may also be useful. * Pacheco, Raul and P.N. Nemetz. Business-Not-As-Usual: Alternative Policy Instruments for Environmental Management. In Proceedings of the 5 th IRE Annual Workshop, 2001. Online: http://www.politics.ubc.ca/fileadmin/template/main/images/departments/poli_sci/graduate/rpach eco/business_not_as_usual.pdf. Carraro, Carlo and François Lévêque. Voluntary Approaches in Environmental Policy. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999. Deketelaere, Kurt. The Use of Fiscal Instruments in European Environmental Policy. Energy and Environment 10, 2 (1999), 181-207. Hoberg, George and Kathryn Harrison. It s Not Easy Being Green: The Politics of Canada s Green Plan. Canadian Public Policy 16 (1990) (dated but might be helpful background reading). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Online: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf. Jaccard, Mark, Jeffrey Simpson, and Nic Rivers. Hot Air: Meeting Canada s Climate Change Challenge. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2007. Majone, Giandomenico. Choosing among Policy Instruments: The Case of Pollution Control in Evidence, Argument and Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven: Yale U.P., 1989, 116-44. Olewiler, Nancy. Environmental Policy in Canada: Harmonized at the Bottom? In Racing to the Bottom? Provincial Interdependence in the Canadian Federation. Ed. Kathyrn Harrison. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2006, 113-156. Paelke, Robert. Some Like It Cold: The Politics of Climate Change in Canada. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2008. Raymond, Leigh. Private Rights in Public Resources: Equity and Property Allocation in Market- Based Environomental Policy. Washington: Resources for the Future, 2003. Stavins, Robert N., ed. Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. 4 th ed. New York: Norton 2000 (excellent collection of background readings). Week 11 (24 Nov) Policy Implementation and Evaluation I: Efficiency, Effectiveness, Morality

15 * Anderson, Charles. The Place of Principles in Policy Analysis. American Political Science Review 73 (1979), 711-23. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/46348. * Kelman, Steven. Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Ethical Critique. Regulation (January/February 1981), 33-40. Online: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/external?vid=2&hid=13&sid=21553c7fb607-4937-a17d-0b924138e074%40sessionmgr7. * Kolbert, Elizabeth. The Calculator. The New Yorker 25 November 2002, 42-49. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. *Sen, Amartya. Rationality and Social Choice. American Economic Review 85 (1995), 1-24. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/53290. Aaron, Henry J. Public Policy, Values, and Consciousness. Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, 2 (1994), 3-21. Amy, Douglas J. Can Policy Analysis Be Ethical? in Confronting Values in Policy Analysis. Eds. F. Fischer and J. Forester. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1987, 45-67. Ellis, Ralph D. Just Results: Ethical Foundations for Policy Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998. Fischer, Frank. Critical Evaluation of Public Policy: A Methodological Case Study in Critical Theory and Public Life. Ed. J. Forester. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985, 231-57. Fischer, Frank. Evaluating Public Policy. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1995, ch. 1. Gillroy, John Martin and Maurice Wade,eds. The Moral Dimensions of Public Policy Choice: Beyond the Market Paradigm. Pittsburgh: U. of Pittsburgh Press, 1992. Goodin, Robert. Political Theory and Public Policy. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1982. Gutmann, Amy and Dennis Thompson, eds. Ethics and Politics: Cases and Comments. 3rd ed. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1997. Little, Ian M.D. Ethics, Economics and Politics: Principles of Public Policy. New York: Oxford U.P., 2002. Peters, B. Guy. Cost-Benefit Analysis in American Public Policy: Promise and Performance. 5th ed. New York: Chatham House, 1999, 421-36. Peters, B. Guy. Ethical Analysis of Public Policy in American Public Policy: Promise and Performance. 5th ed. New York: Chatham House, 1999, 437-454. Pinker, Steven. The Moral Instinct. The New York Times Magazine, 13 January 2008, 32-58. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/44095.

16 Rein, Martin. Value-Critical Policy Analysis in Ethics, the Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis. Eds. D. Callahan and B. Jennings. New York: Plenum Press, 1983, 83-111. Singer, Peter. How Are We to Live? Ethics in an Age of Self-Interest. New York: Prometheus Books, 1995. Stein, Janice Gross. The Cult of Efficiency. Toronto: Anansi Press, 2001, ch. 1, 1-44 (Reader). Wilson, Edward O. The Biological Basis of Morality. The Atlantic Monthly, April 1998. Wilson, James Q. The Moral Sense. New York: The Free Press, 1993. Week 12 (1 Dec) CASE 4: Torture, National Security, and the Problem of Dirty Hands * Bellamy, Alex J. No Pain, No Gain? Torture and Ethics in the War on Terror. International Affairs 82, 1 (2006), 121-148. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/53345. * Danner, Mark. The Logic of Torture. New York Review of Books, 24 June 2004. Online: http://www.markdanner.com/articles/show/34. * Ignatieff, Michael. Lesser Evils. New York Times Magazine 2 May 2004. Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/44095. * Mayer, Jane. 2009. The Secret History. The New Yorker (22 June). Online: http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/52875. Daniels, Ron, et al., eds. The Security of Freedom: Essays on Canada s Anti-terrorism Bill. Toronto: UTP, 2001. Danner, Mark. Torture and Truth: America, Abu Ghraib and the War on Terror. New York: New York Review Books, 2004. Hersh, Seymour M. Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib. New York: Harper Collins, 2004. Lukes, Steven. Liberal Democratic Torture. British Journal of Political Science 36 (2005), 1-16. Mayer, Jane. The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals. New York: Doubleday, 2008. Office of Legal Counsel, US Department of Justice, Memorandum for Roberto R. Gonzalas, Counsel to the President, Re: Standards of Conduct for Interrogation Under 18 U.S.C. 2340-

17 2340A. Online: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/nation/documents/dojinterrogationmemo20020801.pdf. Pither, Kerry. Dark Days: The Story of Four Canadians Tortured in the Name of Fighting Terror. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2008. Rynard, Paul and David Shugarman, eds. Cruelty and Deception: The Controversy Over Dirty Hands in Politics. Peterborough: Broadview, 2000. Slater, Jerome. Tragic Choices in the War on Terrorism: Should We Try to Regulate and Control Torture? Political Science Quarterly 121, 2 (2006), 191-215. Thompson, Dennis. Political Ethics and Public Office. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1987. Walzer, Michael. Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands. Philosophy and Public Affairs 2 (1973), 160-180. Written Assignments: Assignment 1: Length: Approximately 10-12 pages (2500-3000 words) Due: in class 20 October 2008; Worth: 35 per cent Using the current global financial crisis as a case study, analyze to what extent economic theories of rationality can be usefully applied to understand human behaviour and decision making leading up to the current financial crisis. Did market actors behave rationally? Did regulators? Please note: this assignment does not require detailed exposition of domestic or global financial regulatory instruments. Rather, it requires you to reflect at a theoretical level on what motivates human decision making, whether rational choice models accurately model individual and group decision making processes, and whether they therefore provide insight into appropriate instruments of financial regulation. Thus, your essay MUST incorporate the theoretical readings we have tackled so far this term, and not just provide a discussion of the empirics of the case. Assignment 2: Length: Approximately 12-14 pages (3000 to 3500 words) Worth: 45 per cent Due in the department 4:30 p.m. Friday, 4 December 2009

18 Choose one (1) of the following three (3) topics 1. To what extent have policy researchers provided a convincing explanation for why United States governments have failed to implement universal health care? Your explanation should consider how the issue plays out on the public agenda, who are the major participants in the case, and how the various factors identified at work affect the outcome. Which set(s) of explanations the role of interests, the role of ideas, and/or the role of institutions prove most convincing? Your essay should also explicitly relate these various explanatory factors to theories of human motivation and decision making and build on what you have already learned regarding the workings of the policy process. OR 2. It is 2010. You are a policy analyst for the newly-elected federal Liberal minority government under Prime Minister Michael Ignatieff. Write an essay in the form of a policy analysis advising the Prime Minister on the range of policy instruments available to his new government to meet international targets established under the Kyoto Protocol to combat climate change. Your analysis should outline the range of policy instruments theoretically available to the government, as well as the political, economic, and cultural barriers the government could face in adopting those instruments. What are your recommendations as to the best course of action, given those options and constraints? Again, your analysis should explicitly identify the assumptions regarding human behaviour that inform your advice to government. That is, you should be self-reflective of the theories regarding human behaviour and the policy process we have covered in the course. OR 3. Can cost-benefit analyses and other rational policy evaluation techniques provide an adequate answer as to the justifiability of torture in liberal democratic societies? Your essay should explicitly reflect on the theories of rationality discussed in the course along with other theories of human motivation and decision making.