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Table of Contents See also Summary of Contents beginning on page vii. Chapter One General Discovery Duties and Obligations in Pennsylvania Courts... 1 Brian W. Waerig, Esq. I. The Scope of Discovery... 3 A. Scope of Discovery Generally... 3 B. Scope of Discovery for Trial Preparation Materials... 4 II. Limitations on the Scope of Discovery... 6 III. Protective Orders... 7 A. The Availability of Protective Orders... 7 B. The Requirement to Confer in Good Faith before Motions to Compel or For Protective Order Are Filed... 8 IV. Timing of Discovery... 9 A. Discovery May Be Used in Any Sequence Generally... 9 B. Changes by Agreement... 9 V. Pre-Complaint Discovery... 10 VI. Interrogatories... 10 A. Propounding Interrogatories... 10 B. Answering Interrogatories... 11 C. Changes from Earlier Rules... 12 D. Contention Interrogatories... 13 VII. Expert Discovery... 14 VIII. Depositions... 16 A. Rule 4007.1 Procedure in Deposition by Oral Examination... 16 B. Objections to the Taking of Depositions... 18 C. Video Depositions... 19 IX. Requests for Production of Documents... 20 A. General Provisions... 20 B. Electronically Stored Information... 21 C. Requests upon a Party... 21 D. Ability to Obtain Insurance Information in Pennsylvania Courts... 22 E. Answers to Requests for Production of Documents upon a Party... 22 F. Requirement to Verify Responses... 24 G. Dealing with Requests Where the Scope Is Not Clear... 24 X. The Duty to Supplement Discovery Responses...25 ix

A. Rule 4007.4 s Relationship to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure...25 B. Practical Implications of Rule 4007.4... 26 XI. Subpoena upon a Person Not a Party... 26 A. Notice Required... 26 B. Objections to Subpoenas... 27 C. Service of Subpoena... 27 XII. Entry upon Property for Inspection... 28 A. General Provisions... 28 B. Request for Entry upon Property of a Party... 29 i. The Form of Request... 29 ii. Parties May Object or Allow Entry... 29 iii. Number of Times Entry Is Permitted... 29 iv. Remedies... 29 XIII. Physical or Mental Examinations of People... 30 A. When an Examination Is Appropriate and the Procedure for Obtaining It... 30 B. The Ability for the Examined Party to Record the Examination... 30 C. Entitlement to Examination Reports... 31 D. Privilege Issues... 31 XIV. Requests for Admissions... 32 A. Ability to Request Admissions and Scope of Admissions... 32 B. Timing of Requests for Admissions... 32 C. When the Matter in the Requests Are Deemed Admitted... 33 D. Method of Answering or Objecting... 33 E. What To Do When the Requesting Party Is Not Satisfied with the Responses... 34 F. Effect and Application of Admissions... 34 G. Sanctions at Trial... 35 XV. Duty to Preserve Evidence... 35 XVI. Sanctions... 36 A. Appropriate Reasons for Discovery Sanctions... 36 B. Discovery Sanctions for Behavior at a Deposition... 37 C. Orders that May Be Made... 38 D. Orders for Expenses or Costs... 38 E. Sanctions Motions Made in Bad Faith... 39 F. Sanctions against the Commonwealth... 40 XVII. Disclosures in Federal Court... 40 A. Pennsylvania Has No Duty to Serve Initial Disclosures... 40 B. Duty to Disclose in Federal Court... 40 Chapter Two Use and Abuse of Written Discovery Requests... 43 Michael L. Kleiman, Esq. Introduction...45 I. General Principles... 46 A. Scope of Discovery/Standards... 46 1. Rule 4011, Scope of Discovery... 46 2. Rule 4012, Protective Orders... 47 x

B. Discovery Generally in Family Law... 49 II. Written Discovery... 49 A. Interrogatories... 49 1. Rules of Civil Procedure... 49 2. Misuse of Interrogatories... 50 3. Problems Related to Interrogatory Responses...52 B. Request for Production of Documents... 53 1. Discovery Rules... 53 2. Inappropriate Conduct... 55 C. Discovery Subpoenas to a Third Party... 57 D. Misuse of Notice to Attend and Produce...59 Appendices... 61 Appendix A: Sample Form Motion for Protective Order... 63 Appendix B: Sample Form Motion to Compel Full and Complete Response... 65 Appendix C: Sample Form Notice of Intent to Serve a Subpoena Pursuant to Rule 4009.21... 67 Appendix D: Sample Certificate Prerequisite to Service of a Subpoena Pursuant to Rule 4009.22... 69 Appendix E: Sample Form Objection to Subpoena Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 4009.21... 71 Appendix F: Sample Form Motion to Quash a Notice to Attend and Produce... 73 Chapter Three Abusive Discovery Motions and Sanctions... 75 J.T. Herber, III, Esq. I. Applicable Rules/General Principals... 77 II. Motions to Compel... 78 A. Failure to Respond/Produce... 78 1) Good Faith Requirements... 79 2) Complying with Local Good Faith Requirements... 79 3) Failure to Timely Respond to Discovery Does Not Automatically Waive Privilege/Objections... 80 B. Recurring and/or Recently Decided Cases Regarding Objections to Discovery... 81 Information Equally Available To/Under Control of Requesting Party... 81 Identity of Anonymous/Pseudonymous Speakers... 81 Lack of Standing to Contest Discovery... 82 III. Motions for Sanctions Following Noncompliance with Order to Compel... 83 A. Preclusion of Evidence/Testimony... 85 B. Entry of Judgment... 86 C. Striking of Pleadings... 87 D. Monetary Sanctions... 87 E. Contempt Proceedings/Bench Warrants... 88 F. Practical Tips for Obtaining Enforcement of Bench Warrants... 89 1. Initiate a FOIA Request and Provide a Copy to the Judge When Requesting a Warrant... 89 2. Aim for Broad Empowerment... 90 3. An Unknown Warrant Is an Unenforceable Warrant... 90 xi

G. Practical Tips for Representing a Client Detained as a Result of a Civil Bench Warrants... 90 IV. Adverse Orders to Compel... 91 A. Orders Which Are Immediately Appealable... 92 B. Discovery Orders That Are Not Immediately Appealable... 93 Exhibits...95 Exhibit 1: Example of Hybrid Order Granting Sanctions... 97 Exhibit 2: Example of Bench Warrant... 99 Exhibit 3: Example of Bench Warrant Empowering Other Judges to Hold the Hearing If Issuing Judge Is Unavailable... 103 Exhibit 4: Example of Information Needed for Service of Legal Process Form... 105 Exhibit 5: Example Order of Release... 107 Chapter Four Obstructionist and Abusive Deposition Tactics... 109 Brian P. Shire, Esq. I. Form Objections... 113 II. Speaking Objections... 115 III. Profane and Unprofessional Behavior... 119 IV. Conferring With the Witness and Invoking Privileges... 123 Appendices... 129 Appendix A: Example: Hostile/Abusive Deposition Conduct...131 Appendix B: Example: How Not To Handle an Obstructionist Lawyer... 133 Appendix C: Example: How To Handle an Obstructionist Lawyer... 135 Select Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, Business of Courts... 137 Pa.R.C.P. 234.3. Notice to Attend. Notice to Produce.... 139 Pa.R.C.P. 234.4. Subpoena. Notice to Attend. Notice to Produce. Relief from Compliance. Motion to Quash... 139 Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, Depositions and Discovery... 141 Pa.R.C.P. 4001. Scope. Definitions... 143 Pa.R.C.P. 4002. Agreement Regarding Discovery or Deposition Procedure... 145 Pa.R.C.P. 4002.1. Filing Discovery Material... 145 Pa.R.C.P. 4003. Right to Take Depositions. Notice.... 146 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.1. Scope of Discovery Generally. Opinions and Contentions... 146 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.2. Scope of Discovery. Insurance... 147 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.3. Scope of Discovery. Trial Preparation Material. Generally... 147 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.4. Scope of Discovery. Trial Preparation Material. Statements... 147 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.5. Discovery of Expert Testimony. Trial Preparation Material... 148 Pa.R.C.P. 4003.6. Discovery of Treating Physician... 150 xii

Pa.R.C.P. 4003.7. Punitive Damages... 150 Pa.R.C.P.4003.8. Pre-Complaint Discovery... 150 Pa.R.C.P. 4004. Procedure on Depositions by Written Interrogatories... 151 Pa.R.C.P. 4005. Written Interrogatories to a Party... 152 Pa.R.C.P. 4006. Answers to Written Interrogatories by a Party... 153 Pa.R.C.P. 4007. Discovery. Depositions. Scope of Examination. Notice... 153 Pa.R.C.P. 4007.1. Procedure in Deposition by Oral Examination... 154 Pa.R.C.P. 4007.2. When Leave of Court Required... 156 Pa.R.C.P. 4007.3. Sequence and Timing of Discovery... 156 Pa.R.C.P. 4007.4. Supplementing Responses... 157 Pa.R.C.P. 4008. Oral Examination. Limitation... 157 Pa.R.C.P. 4009. Production of Documents and Things and Entry for Inspection and Other Purposes. [Rescinded]... 157 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.1. Production of Documents and Things. General Provisions... 158 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.11. Request Upon a Party for Production of Documents and Things... 159 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.12. Pa.R.C.P. 4009.21. Answer to Request Upon a Party for Production of Documents and Things... 160 Subpoena Upon a Person Not a Party for Production of Documents and Things. Prior Notice. Objections... 162 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.22. Service of Subpoena... 164 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.23. Certificate of Compliance by a Person Not a Party. Notice of Documents or Things Received... 165 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.24. Notice of Intent to Serve Subpoena. Objection to Subpoena. Forms... 166 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.25. Certificate Prerequisite to Service of Subpoena. Form... 167 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.26. Subpoena to Produce Documents or Things. Form... 168 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.27. Certification of Compliance. Form... 170 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.31. Entry Upon Property for Inspection and Other Activities. General Provisions...171 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.32. Request for Entry Upon Property of a Party... 172 Pa.R.C.P. 4009.33. Motion for Entry Upon Property of a Person Not a Party... 173 Pa.R.C.P. 4010. Physical and Mental Examination of Persons... 175 Pa.R.C.P. 4010.1. Evaluation of Earning Capacity... 177 Pa.R.C.P. 4011. Limitation of Scope of Discovery... 177 Pa.R.C.P. 4012. Protective Orders... 178 Pa.R.C.P. 4013. Stay of Proceedings... 179 Pa.R.C.P. 4014. Request for Admission...180 xiii

Pa.R.C.P. 4015. Persons Before Whom Depositions May be Taken... 182 Pa.R.C.P. 4016. Taking of Depositions. Objections... 183 Pa.R.C.P. 4017. Transcript of Testimony. Objections... 184 Pa.R.C.P. 4017.1. Video Depositions... 185 Pa.R.C.P. 4018. [Rescinded].... 187 Pa.R.C.P. 4019. Sanctions... 188 Pa.R.C.P. 4020. Use of Depositions at Trial... 191 Pa.R.C.P. 4023. Acts of Assembly not Suspended... 193 Pa.R.C.P. 4024. Effective Date. Pending Actions... 193 Pa.R.C.P. 4025. Abolition of Practice and Procedure under Repealed Statutes... 193 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Title V Disclosures and Discovery... 195 Fed.R.Civ.P. 26. Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery... 199 (a) Required Disclosures... 199 (1) Initial Disclosure... 199 (2) Disclosure of Expert Testimony... 200 (3) Pretrial Disclosures... 201 (4) Form of Disclosures... 202 (b) Discovery Scope and Limits... 202 (1) Scope in General... 202 (2) Limitations on Frequency and Extent... 202 (3) Trial Preparation: Materials... 203 (4) Trial Preparation: Experts... 204 (5) Claiming Privilege or Protecting Trial-Preparation Materials... 205 (c) Protective Orders... 205 (1) In General... 205 (2) Ordering Discovery... 206 (3) Awarding Expenses... 206 (d) Timing and Sequence of Discovery... 206 (1) Timing... 206 (2) Sequence... 206 (e) Supplementing Disclosures and Responses... 206 (1) In General... 206 (2) Expert Witness... 206 (f) Conference of the Parties; Planning for Discovery... 207 (1) Conference Timing... 207 (2) Conference Content; Parties Responsibilities... 207 (3) Discovery Plan... 207 (4) Expedited Schedule... 207 (g) Signing Disclosures and Discovery Requests, Responses, and Objections... 208 (1) Signature Required; Effect of Signature... 208 (2) Failure to Sign... 208 (3) Sanction of Improper Certification... 208 Fed.R.Civ.P. 27. Depositions to Perpetuate Testimony... 209 (a) Before an Action is Filed... 209 xiv

(1) Petition... 209 (2) Notice and Service... 209 (3) Order and Examination... 209 (4) Using the Deposition... 210 (b) Pending Appeal... 210 (1) In General... 210 (2) Motion... 210 (3) Court Order... 210 (c) Perpetuation by an Action... 210 Fed.R.Civ.P. 28. Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken... 210 (a) Within the United States... 210 (1) In General... 210 (2) Definition of Officer... 210 (b) In a Foreign Country... 210 (1) In General... 210 (2) Issuing a Letter of Request or a Commission... 211 (3) Form of a Request, Notice, or Commission... 211 (4) Letter of Request Admitting Evidence... 211 (c) Disqualification... 211 Fed.R.Civ.P. 29. Stipulations About Discovery Procedure... 211 Fed.R.Civ.P. 30. Depositions by Oral Examination... 211 (a) When a Deposition May Be Taken... 211 (1) Without Leave... 211 (2) With Leave... 212 (b) Notice of the Deposition; Other Formal Requirements... 212 (1) Notice in General... 212 (2) Producing Documents... 212 (3) Method of Recording... 212 (4) By Remote Means... 212 (5) Officer s Duties... 213 (6) Notice or Subpoena Directed to an Organization... 213 (c) Examination and Cross-Examination; Record of the Examination; Objections; Written Questions... 213 (1) Examination and Cross-Examination... 213 (2) Objections... 214 (3) Participating Through Written Questions... 214 (d) Duration; Sanction; Motion to Terminate or Limit... 214 (1) Duration... 214 (2) Sanction... 214 (3) Motion to Terminate or Limit... 214 (e) Review by the Witness; Changes... 215 (1) Review; Statement of Changes... 215 (2) Changes Indicated in the Officer s Certificate... 215 (f) Certification and Delivery; Exhibits; Copies of the Transcript or Recording; Filing... 215 (1) Certification and Delivery... 215 (2) Documents and Tangible Things... 215 (3) Copies of the Transcript or Recording... 215 (4) Notice of Filing... 216 (g) Failure to Attend a Deposition or Serve a Subpoena; Expenses... 216 xv

Fed.R.Civ.P. 31. Depositions by Written Questions... 216 (a) When a Deposition May Be Taken... 216 (1) Without Leave... 216 (2) With Leave... 216 (3) Service; Required Notice... 216 (4) Questions Directed to an Organization... 216 (5) Questions from Other Parties... 216 (b) Delivery to the Officer; Officer s Duties... 217 (c) Notice of Completion or Filing... 217 (1) Completion... 217 (2) Filing... 217 Fed.R.Civ.P. 32. Using Depositions in Court Proceedings... 217 (a) Using Depositions... 217 (1) In General... 217 (2) Impeachment and Other Uses... 217 (3) Deposition of Party, Agent, or Designee... 217 (4) Unavailable Witness... 217 (5) Limitations on Use... 218 (6) Using Part of a Deposition... 218 (7) Substituting a Party... 218 (8) Deposition Taken in an Earlier Action... 218 (b) Objections to Admissibility... 218 (c) Form of Presentation... 218 (d) Waiver of Objections... 219 (1) To the Notice... 219 (2) To the Officer s Qualification... 219 (3) To the Taking of the Deposition... 219 (4) To Completing and Returning the Deposition... 219 Fed.R.Civ.P. 33. Interrogatories to Parties... 219 (a) In General... 219 (1) Number... 219 (2) Scope... 220 (b) Answers and Objections... 220 (1) Responding Party... 220 (2) Time to Respond... 220 (3) Answering Each Interrogatory... 220 (4) Objections... 220 (5) Signature... 220 (c) Use... 220 (d) Option to Produce Business Records... 220 Fed.R.Civ.P. 34. Producing Documents, Electronically Stored Information, and Tangible Things, or Entering onto Land, for Inspection and Other Purposes... 221 (a) In General... 221 (b) Procedure... 221 (1) Contents of the Request... 221 (2) Responses and Objections... 221 (c) Nonparties... 222 Fed.R.Civ.P. 35. Physical and Mental Examinations... 222 (a) Order for an Examination... 222 xvi

(1) In General... 222 (2) Motion and Notice; Contents of the Order.... 222 (b) Examiner s Report... 222 (1) Request by the Party or Person Examined... 222 (2) Contents... 222 (3) Request by the Moving Party... 223 (4) Waiver of Privilege... 223 (5) Failure to Deliver a Report... 223 (6) Scope... 223 Fed.R.Civ.P. 36. Requests for Admission... 223 (a) Scope and Procedure... 223 (1) Scope... 223 (2) Form; Copy of a Document... 223 (3) Time to Respond; Effect of Not Responding... 223 (4) Answer... 223 (5) Objections... 224 (6) Motion Regarding the Sufficiency of an Answer or Objection... 224 (b) Effect of an Admission; Withdrawing or Amending It... 224 Fed.R.Civ.P. 37. Failure to Make Disclosures or to Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions... 224 (a) Motion for an Order Compelling Disclosure or Discovery... 224 (1) In General... 224 (2) Appropriate Court... 224 (3) Specific Motions... 225 (4) Evasive or Incomplete Disclosure, Answer, or Response... 225 (5) Payment of Expenses; Protective Orders... 225 (b) Failure to Comply with a Court Order... 226 (1) Sanctions in the District Where the Deposition Is Taken... 226 (2) Sanctions Sought in the District Where the Action Is Pending... 226 (c) Failure to Disclose, to Supplement an Earlier Response, or to Admit... 227 (1) Failure to Disclose or Supplement... 227 (2) Failure to Admit... 227 (d) Party s Failure to Attend Its Own Deposition, Serve Answers to Interrogatories, or Respond to a Request for Inspection... 227 (1) In General... 227 (2) Unacceptable Excuse for Failing to Act... 228 (3) Types of Sanctions... 228 (e) Failure to Provide Electronically Stored Information... 228 (f) Failure to Participate in Framing a Discovery Plan... 228 xvii

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