CHAPTER 9 THE CONFEDERATION & CONSTITUTION DEFINE REVOLUTION" A SUDDEN AND MOMENTOUS CHANGE IN A SITUATION THE OVERTHROW AND SUDDEN CHANGE OF A GOVERNMENT WAS THIS REALLY A REVOLUTION? Slavery after the Revolution 1775 - Quakers form 1st anti-slavery society Some areas of the North provide for gradual emancipation. No state south of Pennsylvania abolished slavery. Why didn t they go further? POLITICAL REALITY! 1
Women after the Revolution Had a few more political rights Republican motherhood Job is to train children to live as good citizens in a republic Are most able to do this because are more virtuous than men Abigail Adams ECONOMIC CHANGES MANUFACTURING DEVELOPED DURING THE REVOLUTION COULD TRADE FREELY WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD NEVER TURNED VIOLENT LIKE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION WHY? LOTS OF CHEAP LAND NEW STATE CONSTITUTIONS MASSACHUSETTS CALLED A CONVENTION TO WRITE THEIRS AND PU IT UP FOR POPULAR VOTE FUNDAMENTAL LAW LAW THAT WAS WRITTEN DOWN COMMON FEATURES BILL OF RIGHTS ANNUAL ELECTIONS POWERFUL LEGISLATURES 2
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION A NEW GOVT. IS NEEDED NOW THAT WE ARE INDEPENDENT ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION MADE PURPOSELY WEAK TO PROTECT FROM A STRONG CENTRAL GOVT. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION A UNICAMERAL (ONE-HOUSE) LEGISLATURE EACH STATE HAS 1 VOTE REGARDLESS OF SIZE OR POPULATION AT LEAST 9 STATES NEEDED TO PASS A LAW AMENDMENTS NEED UNANIMOUS APPROVAL WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES IMPOSSIBLE TO GET 13 STATES TO AGREE TO AN AMENDMENT NO POWER TO TAX OR RAISE AND ARMY NO POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE 1ST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 3
SUCCESSES UNDER THE ARTICLES LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785 SOLD NORTHWEST TERRITORY TO PAY OFF THE NATIONAL DEBT HAD TO SURVEY IT FIRST DIVIDED INTO PLOTS 36 MILES SQUARE $ FROM THE SALE OF PLOT # 16 WENT TO SUPPORT A SCHOOL 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 11 10 9 8 7 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 SUCCESS UNDER THE ARTICLES NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787 FORBADE SLAVERY IN THE NORTHWEST TERR. NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER SET UP THE PROCEDURE FOR STATEHOOD 5,000 - TERRITORY 60,000 - STATE FOREIGN RELATIONS BRITAIN BAD RELATIONS FOR ABOUT A DECADE REFUSED TO LEAVE THE FRONTIER SAID BECAUSE OF TREATMENT OF LOYALISTS SPAIN CLOSED NEW ORLEANS TO U.S. TRAFFIC CLAIMED PARTS OF THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES FRENCH WANTED THEIR DEBTS PAID BACK BARBARY PIRATES ATTACKING U.S. SHIPS B/C NOT PROTECTED BY THE BRITISH 4
SHAYS REBELLION Daniel taking over the courthouse Daniel was a veteran of the Rev. Was never paid so he quit the army. Was taken to court for nonpayment of debts He and other farmers were going to lose their farms to foreclosure. SHAYS REBELLION Daniel taking over the courthouse He led an armed group that took control of a number of courthouses. They then could not foreclose on the farms. Federal govt. was powerless to stop him b/c it could not raise an army. END OF SHAYS REBELLION & ITS EFFECTS WEALTHY MASS. CITIZENS RAISED ARMY AND PUT DOWN THE REBELLION SHOWED HOW WEAK THE NEW GOVT. WAS THE ARTICLES NEED STRENGTHENING LED TO A CALL FOR A NEW CONVENTION TO FIX THE ARTICLES 5
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION CALLED TO REVISE THE A of C 55 MEN THERE JEFFERSON, ADAMS, HANCOCK NOT THERE WASHINGTON WAS SELECTED AS CHAIRMAN ALL ITS MEETINGS AND DEBATES WERE HELD IN SECRET DECIDE RIGHT AWAY TO COME UP WITH A NEW DOCUMENT THE DEBATE BEGINS VIRGINIA PLAN JAMES MADISON 2 HOUSE LEGISLATURE (BICAMERAL) CALLED THE SENATE & HOUSE OF REPS. REPRESENTATION IN BOTH ACCORDING TO POPULATION FAVORED LARGE STATES NEW JERSEY PLAN EDMUND RANDOLPH 1 HOUSE LEGISLATURE (UNICAMERAL) EACH STATE GETS ONE VOTE FAVORED SMALL STATES THE GREAT COMPROMISE Written by James Madison - Father of the Constitution Bicameral legislature Senate - 2 reps. per state House of Reps. - representation based on population All revenue bills have to originate in the House 6
EXECUTIVE BRANCH Inspired by the Governor of Mass. Commander-in-Chief Veto Power Appointment powers to many domestic offices Chosen by the Electoral College ELECTORAL COLLEGE Group that actually chooses the President. Because they didn t trust the masses to make a good decision Each state gets as many votes as they have representatives in Congress. If no one candidate receives a majority, the President is chosen from the top three votegetters by the House of Reps. Each state delegation gets one vote THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE Conflict erupted over how, or if, slaves should be counted towards representation South wanted them to count to be more powerful Compromise - slaves would count as 3/5 of a person Agreed the slave trade would end at the end of 1807 7