Grade 9 Social Studies Chapter 5 Prosperity and Depression
The War is Over (1918) O Things did not quickly return to normal why? O Economy changes from wartime to peacetime economy O Europe s demand for Canadian goods during the war decreased causing a slump in the economy O Hardest hit were the Maritimes and the Prairies (Fish & Wheat demand declined) O Price of regular goods was going up, but wages were not, causing slow sales O Unemployment went up and many soldiers returning home were out of work.
A Buoyant Economy for Some (1923) O By 1923, Central Canada, BC, and The Prairies, had begun to recover from the economic slump, and entered a period of growth.
Reasons O Agriculture production increased as the demand went up O Mining activity increased in these areas O Trade with USA increased mostly because of the demand for pulp and paper
O Branch Plant Factories(a business owned and controlled by a company in another country) built to avoid tariffs O Changing Technologies increased production: O Technology Changes: O 1) Electricity O 2) Assembly Line O 3) Electric Appliances
Stalled Economy for Others O The Economic boom of the 1920 s did not get to The Maritimes or Newfoundland, why?
Reasons O A decline in shipbuilding after the war O Increased cost of railway freight rates O Lack of electricity in the area, O As a result: O Secondary Industries (Pulp & Paper) slow to develop. O Primary Industries (Farm & Fisheries) exploited (Overused) ** This brought about talks for Maritime Union**
Lifestyle and Technology O The Roaring 20 s - The 1920 s were called this because of the good times and social freedoms. New Technologies brought on mass production
The Haves O In places that prospered, wages increased. People then had more money to spend on new products. O Installment Plans O buy now pay later plans were introduced O as people thought the good times would last for ever, people did not worry about the debt they were gaining.
O New Luxury Items for Purchase: O Cars - ownership became possible O Telephones ¼ families in 1920, by 1929 ¾ of families O Electrical Appliances
The Have Nots O The have nots O those who did not prosper
Who made up the have nots? O Rural Canadians O many worked but had trouble making ends meet (Working Poor) O Immigrants O (Working Poor) O Women O were employed and lost jobs due to the return of the soldiers
O First Nations O Government still hoping for assimilation where first nations would become part of mainstream culture, and give up their own values, beliefs, and cultures. O Assimilation was enforced by government by forcing first nation students into schools where their personal cultures were forbidden.
Leisure/Sport/Changing O Leisure activities Attitudes O included radio and motion pictures (Silent movies) O Sports O included baseball, football, boxing, and hockey O Changing Attitudes O Clubs introduced, dancing, alcohol, and many new types of fashion. All of these things were considered controversial to many.
The Great Depression O Black Tuesday O Oct.29, 1929 O this signified the end of the Roaring 20 s and the beginning of The Great Depression, as The New York Stock Exchange crashed. O Terms to know: O Stock O Share O Dividend O Victory bonds O Interest
Causes O Over spending in the 20 s O Credit was too easy O Over production O Close connection to the US Economy O Decrease in International Trade O Bank Failures O Unemployment Grew
O Depression lasted most of the 1930 s, and only recovered with the start of World War II.
Social Conditions O Unemployment ruined lives O Disadvantaged groups conditions worsened O Luxury items almost all but disappeared O People were homeless and hungry O No Government programs to help those in need
People in need resorted to: O Begging O Working in relief camps to help build roads etc. O Some became hobos and rode the rails
Escape From Hard Times O Children found ways to entertain themselves (imagination) O These were times of creativity and resourcefulness
Political Changes O Canadians lost faith in Political parties O New parties were formed as result O New parties brought new ideas
New Political Parties 1) Communist Party O all people share in the prosperity equally 2) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) O a coalition of farmers, labor union leaders, and professors, they believed in private ownership and government services
3) Social Credit Party O felt the Government should hand over money to people to get the economy moving again. 4) National Party of Quebec O a group of former Liberals and Conservatives who had ideas for change to the end the Depression
Note: O None of these parties ways ended the depression, times just gradually started to improve due to WWII