FINLAND IN FIGURES 218
Contents and Sources Finland Today.... 2 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Population Register Centre; vrk.fi Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery.... 3 Source: Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi Construction.... 5 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Culture and the Media.... 6 Sources: Ministry of Education and Culture; minedu.fi, Finnish Film Foundation; ses.fi, National Board of Antiquities; nba.fi, Theatre Info Finland; tinfo.fi, Kantar TNS Oy; tns-gallup.fi, The National Library of Finland; nationallibrary.fi Education.... 7 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Elections... 8 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Energy... 1 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Energy; energia.fi Enterprises.... 11 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Environment and Natural Resources... 12 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland; maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Environment Institute; syke.fi, Finnish Meteorological Institute; fmi.fi, Ministry of the Environment; ym.fi, Metsähallitus; metsa.fi Financing and Insurance.... 15 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Bank of Finland; bof.fi Government Finance.... 16 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; formin.fi, State Treasury; treasuryfinland.fi Health.... 17 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi, Social Insurance Institution; kela.fi, Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea; fimea.fi Housing.... 19 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Income and Consumption.... 21 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi, National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi Justice.... 23 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Contents and Sources Labour Market.... 24 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Environment Institute; syke.fi Manufacturing.... 27 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi National Accounts.... 28 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Population.... 31 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland; maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Immigration Service; migri.fi Prices and Costs.... 39 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Science, Technology and Information Society... 41 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi Social Protection.... 42 Sources: National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi, Social Insurance Institution; kela.fi, Financial Supervisory Authority; fiva.fi, Finnish Centre for Pensions; etk.fi Trade... 44 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Customs; tulli.fi Transport and Tourism.... 46 Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Helsinki Region Transport; hsl.fi, VR Group Ltd; vrgroup.fi, Finnish Transport Agency; liikennevirasto.fi, Finavia Corporation; finavia.fi Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs.... 48 Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi International Comparison Data.... 5 Sources: UN: Demographic Yearbook, UN: Population and Vital Statistics Report; unstats.un.org, Eurostat; ec.europa.eu/eurostat, CIA: The World Factbook; cia.gov, World Bank: World Development Indicators; worldbank.org, ILO: ILOSTAT Database; ilo.org/ilostat, OECD: Economic Outlook; oecd.org, IMF: World Economic Outlook; imf.org Symbols * preliminary data. category not applicable - magnitude nil.. data not available or too uncertain for presentation, or subject to secrecy FINLAND IN FIGURES ONLINE SERVICE stat.fi/finlandinfigures
FINLAND TODAY POPULATION 217 PERSONS AGED 1 OR OVER 217 WOMEN 723 MEN 131 5 513 13 MOST POPULAR FIRST NAME 217 AINO LEO AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD- DWELLING UNIT persons/householddwelling unit 217 AUTOMOBILE STOCK number 217 HELSINKI inhabitants 217 2.1 4 56 725 643 272 INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE share of persons working, % 217 4 22 74 Agriculture and forestry Industry and construction Services and administration MATRICULATION EXAMINATIONS 216 3 531 Sources: Statistics Finland, Population Register Centre
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Agricultural and horticultural enterprises Production sector 21 216 217 Average age of farmers 217 Plant production 37 86 33 187 33 14 Cereals production 2 927 17 493 16 34 52 Other plant production 13 92 13 36 14 397 54 Greenhouse production 1 371 878 835 53 Outdoor production 1 696 1 456 1 478 53 Livestock production 19 829 14 357 13 46 Milk production 1 25 7 276 6 74 49 Beef production 3 8 2 931 2 935 49 Suckler cow production and cattle fattening 1 27 572 555 5 Pig farming 1 355 689 62 48 Poultry farming 375 438 362 48 Sheep, goat and horse farming and other grazing livestock 3 544 2 451 2 248 5 Mixed production 2 568 2 163 2 134 5 Total 59 483 49 77 48 554 53 Utilised agricultural area, ha/farm 39 46 47 Livestock 195 199 2 21 216 217 Thousand Cattle 1 782 1 36 1 57 926 99 893 Dairy cows 1 111 49 364 289 282 275 Pigs 446 1 381 1 296 1 367 1 235 1 129 Poultry.... 12 57 9 587 13 445 12 75 Laying hens 3 381 4 845 3 11 3 394 3 599 3 65 Broilers.. 2 993 7 918 4 616 8 272 7 734 Sheep 1 22 13 1 126 157 155 Grain harvest Mil. kg 2 5 Barley Oats 2 Wheat Rye 1 5 3 1 5 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 217
4 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Forest statistics Land class 214 216 Volume of the growing stock 214 216 Mil. ha % Mil. m 3 % Forestry land 26.2 86 Pine 1 238 5 Forest land 2.3 67 Spruce 736 3 Poor productive forest land 2.4 8 Birch 411 17 Unproductive land 3.2 11 Other deciduous Forest roads, depots, etc..2 1 trees 8 3 Other land 4.2 14 Growing Land area, total 3.4 1 stock, total 2 465 1 Increment and drain of the growing stock Mil. m3 12 1 8 Increment (smoothed) 6 1) 4 2 Drain 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 2 21-16 1) Change caused by areas ceded during the wars Result from the private forest economy Real value, /ha 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1991 1994 1997 2 23 26 29 212 215-17*
Completed buildings and dwellings Construction 2 21 216 217 All buildings, mil. m 3 38.48 34.66 32.4 34.16 Residential buildings 13.44 1.71 1.6 11.56 Commercial and office buildings 6.28 5.83 5.92 6.29 Industrial buildings and warehouses 7.88 7.27 7.8 8.33 Other buildings 1.88 1.86 8.8 7.99 All dwellings, number 35 218 25 152 3 265 35 639 Detached houses 12 28 1 583 7 1 7 387 Attached houses 5 876 2 799 3 579 3 454 Blocks of flats 16 717 11 116 18 94 24 89 Other than residential buildings 417 654 646 79 Completed dwellings 4 Number 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1995 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 Volume index of newbuilding 21 = 1 14 Other than residential buildings All buildings 12 Residential buildings 5 1 8 6 4 1995 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217
6 Culture and the Media Public libraries 1) 199 2 21 216 217 Libraries, number 1 151 936 843 744 737 Mobile libraries, number 232 21 154 137 134 Materials, million 37.2 4.9 39.7 35.6 35.2 Loans, million 85.7 12.2 96.2 87.4 85.2 Borrowers, million 2.2 2.4 2.1 2. 1.9 Library visits, million 49.3 64. 52.6 49. 5.1 1) Excl. Åland Cinemas, museums and theatres 2 21 215 216 Cinema halls 343 289 311 312 Seats, thousand 6 5 48 47 Premieres 176 186 22 27 Visits per inhabitant 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 Museums 1) 155 158 15 154 Exhibitions 1 289 1 134 1 89 1 24 Admissions, million 4.9 4.9 5.6 6.7 Theatres 2) 6 59 59 59 Performances 13 837 12 833 12 511 12 75 Tickets sold, million 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2 1) Museums with full-time personnel, excl. Åland 2) Theatres receiving statutory State subsidy, incl. the Finnish National Theatre and the Finnish National Opera Shares of use by media, 216 Age 15 24 25 44 45 59 6 69 Total min per day % Print media, total 48 45 62 95 61 13 Magazines 6 7 11 17 1 2 Newspapers 1) 12 12 24 44 22 5 Free papers 6 7 7 8 7 2 Books 24 19 2 26 22 5 Electronic media, total 395 416 386 365 394 87 Television 61 11 14 144 114 25 Radio 34 71 92 113 8 18 Internet 2) 3 244 154 18 2 44 Total 443 461 448 46 455 1 1) Incl. subscribed and paid for newspapers 2) Incl. all Internet use LITERATURE PUBLISHED 9 884 IN FINLAND 216 books
Education 7 Population by level of education, 216 Total % Females % Population aged 15 or over 4 69 119 1 2 353 862 1 Population with educational qualification, total 3 287 272 71.3 1 72 742 72.3 Upper secondary education 1 852 669 4.2 883 194 37.5 Post-secondary non-tertiary education 32 199.7 14 82.6 Lowest level tertiary education 441 758 9.6 271 636 11.5 Lower tertiary level 5 52 1.9 281 1 11.9 Higher tertiary level 416 84 9. 232 67 9.9 Doctorate level 44 42 1. 19 385.8 Only basic education 1 321 847 28.7 651 12 27.7 Students and qualifications attained, 216 Sector of education Students 1) Qualifications attained Basic comprehensive school education, compulsory education school 55 236 58 28 Basic education of adults 2 984 592 Upper secondary general school education 13 55 3 986 Vocational education 327 734 74 7 University of applied sciences education 14 792 25 713 University education 154 736 31 881 Total 1 28 32 221 9 1) Students in education leading to qualifications. The data for vocational education relate to a calendar year. The data for other educational sectors describe the situation on 2 September. Employment of graduates one year after graduation, 216 Doctor s degree Employed persons 1) of graduates, % University of applied sciences degree Higher university degree (Master) Upper secondary vocational qualification Lower university degree (Bachelor) Matriculation examination Females Males 1) lncl. employed students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8 Elections Parliamentary elections 215 Party Number of votes % Change in votes cast 215 211 % points Seats 215 211 KESK 626 218 21.1 5.3 49 35 KOK 54 212 18.2-2.2 37 44 PS 524 54 17.7-1.4 38 39 SDP 49 12 16.5-2.6 34 42 Green League 253 12 8.5 1.3 15 1 LEFT 211 72 7.1-1. 12 14 RKP 144 82 4.9.6 9 9 KD 15 134 3.5 -.5 5 6 Other parties 56 42 1.9.3 - - Others 16 731.6.2 1 1 Total 2 968 459 1 2 2 Women 1 264 45 42.6.8 83 85 Voting turnout 1) 7.1% (66.9% incl. Finns resident abroad) Explanations: KESK = Centre Party of Finland, KOK = National Coalition Party, PS = Finns Party, SDP = Finnish Social Democratic Party, LEFT = Left Alliance, RKP = Swedish People s Party in Finland, KD = Christian Democrats in Finland 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland Voting turnout 1) in parliamentary elections, 198 215 % of persons entitled to vote 1 8 6 4 Men 2 Women Election year 19 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 2 21-15 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
Elections 9 European Parliament elections 214 Party Number of votes % Change in votes cast 214 29 % points Number of Euro-MPs elected KOK 39 376 22.6 -.6 3 KESK 339 895 19.7.6 3 PS 222 457 12.9 3.1 2 SDP 212 781 12.3-5.2 2 Green League 161 263 9.3-3.1 1 LEFT 161 74 9.3 3.4 1 RKP 116 747 6.8.7 1 KD 9 586 5.2 1.1 - Others 33 115 1.9.1 - Total 1 728 294 1-13 Women 84 93 48.7 2.2 7 Voting turnout 1) 41..7 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland See page 8 for explanations. Municipal elections 217 Party Number of votes % Party Number of votes % KOK 531 599 2.7 RKP 125 518 4.9 SDP 498 252 19.4 KD 15 551 4.1 KESK 45 529 17.5 Other parties 32 35 1.2 Green League 32 235 12.5 Others 53 126 2.1 PS 227 297 8.8 Total 2 57 768 1 LEFT 226 626 8.8 Voting turnout 58.9% See page 8 for explanations. Presidential election 218 1st round on 28 January 218 Candidate Number of votes % Candidate Number of votes Sauli Niinistö 1 875 342 62.6 Tuula Haatainen 97 294 3.2 Pekka Haavisto 371 254 12.4 Merja Kyllönen 89 977 3. Laura Huhtasaari 27 337 6.9 Nils Torvalds 44 776 1.5 Paavo Väyrynen 185 35 6.2 Total 2 993 668 1 Matti Vanhanen 122 383 4.1 Voting turnout 1) 69.9%, (66.8% incl. Finns resident abroad) Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the first round of the elections. 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland VOTING TURNOUT 1) IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 218 FOR WOMEN 72.9% FOR MEN 66.8% 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland %
1 Energy Total energy consumption PJ (petajoule) 1 6 Other energy 1) 1 4 Peat Nuclear energy 1 2 Renewable energy 1 Fossil fuels 8 6 4 2 196 1965 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17* 1) Incl. reaction heat from industrial processes, hydrogen and net imports of electricity Supply and total consumption of electricity, 217* Supply GWh % Total consumption GWh % Nuclear power 21 575 25.2 Industry and construction 4 63 47.5 Hydro power 14 642 17.1 Households and Wind power 4 82 5.6 agriculture 23 94 28. Solar power 27.3 Services and public Net imports 2 426 23.9 consumption 18 392 21.5 Other heating power 24 28 28.1 Transmission and distribution losses 2 565 3. Total 85 499 1 Total 85 499 1 Household energy consumption, 216 By use GWh % By energy source GWh % Space heating 45 692 68.2 Electricity 22 514 33.6 Heating of domestic water 9 961 14.9 District heat 19 594 29.2 Other electrical equipment 5 844 8.7 Wood 15 123 22.6 Heating of saunas 3 49 4.6 Heat pump 5 441 8.1 Lighting 1 77 2.6 Other 1) 4 325 6.5 Cooking 681 1. Total 66 997 1 Total 66 997 1 1) Peat, coal, natural gas, light and heavy fuel oil
Enterprises 11 Enterprises, 216 Industry Enterprises Personnel Turnover % Thousand % million % Agriculture, forestry and fishing 73 227 2.5 52 3.6 2 24.6 Manufacturing 2 264 5.7 289 2.3 121 792 31.4 Construction 4 891 11.5 158 11. 32 786 8.5 Wholesale and retail trade 1) 42 661 12. 238 16.7 115 589 29.8 Transportation and storage 2 538 5.8 121 8.4 22 55 5.8 Accommodation and food service activities 12 42 3.4 58 4.1 6 474 1.7 Information and communication 1 156 2.8 82 5.7 19 855 5.1 Financial and insurance activities 7 844 2.2 42 2.9 - - Real estate activities 27 42 7.7 2 1.4 9 156 2.4 Professional, scientific and technical activities 35 84 1. 1 7. 14 364 3.7 Administrative and support service activities 13 976 3.9 128 9. 11 198 2.9 Human health and social work activities 18 423 5.2 71 5. 6 66 1.7 Other industries 33 58 9.4 7 4.9 24 663 6.4 All industries 356 79 1 1 428 1 387 328 1 Size of personnel 4 318 375 89.2 252 17.6 44 831 11.6 5 19 29 125 8.2 258 18.1 52 248 13.5 2 99 7 743 2.2 3 21. 8 222 2.7 1 499 1 273.4 256 17.9 84 965 21.9 5 274.1 362 25.4 125 62 32.3 Total 356 79 1 1 428 1 387 328 1 1) Incl. repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Enterprise openings and closures by industry, 216 Number Professional, scientific and technical activities Wholesale and retail trade Construction Other service activities Administrative and support service activities Information and communication Accommodation and food service activities Real estate activities Manufacturing Arts, entertainment and recreation Other industries Enterprise openings Enterprise closures 1 2 3 4 5
12 Environment and Natural Resources Geographical data Finland s area, km 2, 1 January 218 Highest point, m Area 338 452 Halti 1 324 Land area 33 919 Longest river, km Fresh water 34 533 Kemijoki 5 Sea water 52 456 Largest lakes, km 2 Total 39 98 Saimaa 1 393 Boundaries, km Päijänne 1 82 Sweden 614 Inarijärvi 1 82 Norway 736 Oulujärvi 912 Russia 1 34 Pielinen 895 Limit of territorial waters 1 25 Largest islands, km 2 Total 3 94 Sea Greatest length, km Mainland Åland 689 Hanko Utsjoki 1 157 Kemiönsaari 545 Greatest width, km Inland waters Närpiö Ilomantsi 542 Soisalo 1 54 Lakes with an area of 5 m 2 or more total about 168, of which around 57 with an area of over one hectare. Islands with an area of 1 m 2 or more total about 187. Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 218 Number Area, ha Water, % Protected areas 11 365 2 349 821 17.8 National parks 4 1 1 81 18. Strict nature reserves 19 154 157 1.9 Mire reserves 167 47 584 2.6 Herb-rich forest reserves 46 1 58 1. Old-growth forest reserves 88 9 686 2.9 Other state-owned protected areas 283 347 468 1.2 Protected areas on private land 1 662 329 325 53.3 Protected areas on Åland 6 35 733 92.2 Wilderness reserves 12 1 489 121 7.5 In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53 individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power station construction. Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers. FINLAND S TEMPERATURES 217 HIGHEST UTSJOKI KEVO + 27.6 C LOWEST MUONIO KIRKONKYLÄ 41.7 C
Environment and Natural Resources 13 National parks and strict nature reserves on 1 January 218 Malla Kevo National park < 1 km 2 1 99 km 2 1 5 km 2 > 5 km 2 Pallas-Yllästunturi Pisavaara Runkaus Lemmenjoki Sompio Sukerijärvi Riisitunturi Urho Kekkonen National Park Värriö Maltio Pyhä-Luosto Oulanka Syöte Hossa Strict nature reserve Bothnian Bay < 1 km 2 Olvassuo 1 99 km 2 Rokua Paljakka 1 5 km 2 Pelso > 5 km 2 Ulvinsalo Tiilikkajärvi Hiidenportti Salamajärvi Patvinsuo Salamanperä Koli Koivusuo Pyhä-Häkki Southern Konnevesi Petkeljärvi Kauhaneva-Pohjankangas Lauhanvuori Helvetinjärvi Kolovesi Häädetkeidas Leivonmäki Linnansaari Seitseminen Isojärvi Puurijärvi-Isosuo Sinivuori Päijänne Bothnian Vesijako Repovesi Sea Vaskijärvi Kurjenrahka Torronsuo Valkmusa Liesjärvi Karkali Teijo Gulf of Finland Sipoonkorpi Archipelago Nuuksio Ekenäs Archipelago Metsähallitus 218 National Land Survey of Finland 1/MML/18
14 Environment and Natural Resources Weather conditions Mean daily temperature (centigrade) Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland) 1981 217 1981 21 21 Number of days with precipitation 1) Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland) 217 1981 217 21 217 1981 21 January -3.9-1.9-13.5-1.2 12 6 9 9 February -4.7-2. -12.7-1.1 8 6 8 6 March -1.3 1.2-7.5-5.6 8 9 8 9 April 3.9 2.8-1.3-2.5 7 11 6 5 May 1.2 9.5 5.3 2.6 7 5 9 4 June 14.6 13.7 11.6 1.3 8 11 1 13 July 17.8 16. 14.5 15.1 8 9 11 1 August 16.3 16.2 11.7 11.9 1 11 1 11 September 11.5 12.1 6.2 7.2 1 9 9 7 October 6.6 5.8.1.4 1 16 9 9 November 1.6 4.1-7.1-5.5 12 2 1 13 December -2. 1.8-11.7-1.1 11 2 8 12 F = 9/5 C + 32 1) Precipitation 1, mm Air emissions 199 2 21 215 216 Greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 eq., mil. tonnes 71.3 7.1 75.5 55.4 58.8 Carbon dioxide 1), mil. tonnes 52.6 52.8 59.2 4. 43.2 Sulphur (as SO 2 ), thousand tonnes 25 81 67 42 4 Nitrogen oxides, thousand tonnes 299 229 178 13 129 1) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat Municipal waste by treatment method 3.5 3. 2.5 Million tonnes Landfilling Material recovery Energy recovery 1) 2. 1.5 1..5 1998 2 22 24 26 28 21 212 214 216 1) Incl. waste incineration in incineration plants
Financial assets of households Financing and Insurance 15 billion 35 Deposits 3 Unquoted shares and other equity 25 Insurance technical reserves 2 Quoted shares Mutual fund shares Other 15 1 5 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 Households withdrawals of new housing loans 1) billion 3 % 12 New housing loans, billion 25 Average interest rate, % 1 2 15 1 5 8 6 4 2 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 1) New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions Loans granted to households 1) on 31 December Housing loans Consumer credit Other loans Total billion billion billion billion 213 88.3 13.1 15.2 116.6 214 89.8 13.5 15.5 118.8 215 92. 14.1 15.9 122. 216 94.1 14.6 16.3 124.9 217* 96.1 15.3 16.7 128.1 1) Loans granted by Finnish financial institutions
16 Government Finance General government deficit/surplus and debt % relative to GDP 8 6 4 Debt (EDP) 2 Deficit/Surplus (EDP) -2 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17* Structure of taxation 1) 214 215 216* 217* At current prices, million Income taxes 31 479 32 371 32 934 34 44 Social security contributions 26 11 26 639 27 628 27 19 Taxes on property 2 719 3 17 3 66 3 459 Taxes on goods and services 29 572 29 729 31 223 31 813 Other taxes 246 246 262 235 Total 9 27 92 2 95 113 96 93 Tax rate, % relative to GDP 43.8 43.9 44.1 43.4 1) Incl. general government and the institutions of the EU Public development cooperation Net disbursements Bilateral cooperation Multilateral cooperation Total % of gross national income million million million 213 618. 463.1 1 81.1.53 214 76.7 525.3 1 232..59 215 629.1 532. 1 161.1.55 216 581.5 376.7 958.2.44 217* 528.2 46.5 934.7.41 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEBT IN APRIL 218 19 37 /inhabitant
Health and medical care Health 17 2 21 215 216 Physicians 15 95 2 36 21 98.. Persons per physician 325 264 249.. Dentists 4 794 4 699 5.. Hospitals 389 271 253 256 Pharmacies 595 618 615 613 Prescriptions, thousand 37 934 5 364 55 791 58 812 Prescriptions per inhabitant 7.3 9.4 1.2 1.7 Health care expenditure 1) billion, at 215 prices 25 2 15 1 5 2 22 24 26 28 21 212 214-15 1) Excl. investment expenditure Primary health care and specialised health care 2 21 215 216 217 Health centres Thousand Outpatient visits 1) 25 131 27 191 24 93 24 488 25 87 General practitioner visits 1 35 7 129 6 83 6 62 6 634 Others 14 78 18 796 17 263 17 868 18 453 Specialised health care Outpatient visits 2) 5 693 7 858 9 352 9 77.. Day-surgery inpatient stays 137 19 2 198.. Inpatient stays 962 827 795 786.. 1) Excl. dental care 2) Incl. visits to public specialised health care
18 Health Consumption of alcoholic beverages 1) Litres per person aged 15 or older 14 12 1 8 6 Total consumption Documented consumption 4 2 Undocumented Tilastoimaton consumption kulutus 196 1965 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17 1) Consumption of alcoholic beverages, 1% alcohol Percentage of persons aged 2 to 64 who smoke daily % 35 3 Males 25 2 15 Females 1 5 1996 1998 2 22 24 26 28 21 212 214 216-17 Causes of death, 216 Deaths % Males % Females % Diseases of the circulatory system 19 665 36 9 758 36 9 97 37 Neoplasms 12 854 24 6 824 25 6 3 22 Dementia, Alzheimer s disease 9 175 17 2 96 11 6 215 23 Accidents (excl. accidental poisoning by alcohol) 2 243 4 1 43 5 84 3 Diseases of the respiratory system 2 133 4 1 274 5 859 3 Alcohol related diseases and accidental poisoning by alcohol 1 73 3 1 333 5 397 1 Diseases of the digestive system 1 217 2 554 2 663 2 Suicides 787 1 615 2 172 1 Other causes of death 4 16 8 2 226 8 1 934 7 Deaths total 53 964 1 26 947 1 27 17 1
Buildings and free-time residences Housing 19 198 199 2 21 216 217 Thousand Residential buildings 84 1 5 1 111 1 235 1 29 1 294 Detached houses 773 98 993 1 12 1 15 1 152 Attached houses 23 53 66 76 81 81 Blocks of flats 44 45 52 57 6 61 Other buildings 92 158 189 211 222 229 Free-time residences 252 368 451 489 53 57 Saunas 1) 548 932 1 212 1 52 1 631 1 651 1) Only saunas in flats. The total number of saunas was estimated to be over two million at the end of 217. Household-dwelling units 1), 217 Size of householddwelling unit All buildings Detached houses Attached houses Blocks of flats Other buildings 1 person 1 162 38 242 376 162 763 73 195 26 974 2 persons 88 794 415 64 117 566 336 699 11 465 3 persons 281 143 153 169 41 688 82 998 3 288 4 persons 231 64 152 521 32 49 45 76 1 958 5 persons 85 445 62 59 8 634 13 48 813 6+ persons 38 783 29 24 2 681 6 28 69 Total 2 68 77 1 54 924 365 381 1 214 584 45 188 1) A household-dwelling unit consists of all persons occupying the same dwelling on a permanent basis Dwellings 199 2 21 216 217 Total number of dwellings, thousand 2 21 2 512 2 88 2 968 3 3 Owner-occupied dwelling, % 66.8 58.1 59.2 57.3.. Rented dwelling 1), % 24.7 3.8 29.3 2) 31.2.. Right of occupancy dwelling, %.. 1. 1.3 1.5.. Other form of tenure or unknown, % 8.4 1.1 1.3 1... Floor area per dwelling, m 2 74.4 76.5 79.5 79.9 79.8 Floor area per person, m 2 31.4 35.3 39.1 4.3 4.5 Overcrowding 3), % 3.4 23.7 17.9 17.4.. 1) Incl. official residences and employer-provided dwellings 2) Incl. empty dwellings in buildings inferred as rental buildings 3) More than one person per room, excl. kitchen AVERAGE AGE OF FIRST TIME HOMEBUYERS 216 28.5 years
2 Housing Prices of dwellings in blocks of flats 1) Old dwellings New dwellings Helsinki region Rest of Finland Helsinki region Rest of Finland Unencumbered average price, /m 2 213 3 458 1 58 4 974 3 215 214 3 478 1 578 5 12 3 373 215 3 515 1 587 5 122 3 43 216 3 584 1 579 4 98 3 52 217 3 718 1 588 5 71 3 536 1) Data on old dwellings based on the Tax Administration s data, data on new dwellings based on the largest real estate agents and building contractors Dwellings in old blocks of flats: real price indices 22 1983 = 1 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 Helsinki region Rest of Finland 6 1993 1995 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 Prices of real estate Detached houses Plots for detached houses Average price Real price index Average price Real price index /m 2 215 = 1 /m 2 215 = 1 215 1 541 1. 18.6 1. 216 1 549 99.8 21.2 97.8 217 1 56 97.7 22.7 96.9 Average rents of rented dwellings Government-subsidised Non-subsidised All rented dwellings dwellings dwellings /m 2 /month /m 2 /month /m 2 /month 213 1.64 12.43 11.61 214 1.96 12.84 11.98 215 11.21 13.3 12.34 216 11.38 13.65 12.61 217 11.53 13.88 12.8
Income and Consumption 21 Income and taxation of private individuals, 216 Income bracket, Income recipients Income Income Taxes, subject to total state taxation 1) Taxes Thousand % million % million % 4 999 443 9.5 788.6 23.1 5 9 999 457 9.8 3 757 2.8 249.8 1 14 999 575 12.3 7 212 5.3 549 1.8 15 19 999 519 11.1 9 37 6.7 1 166 3.8 2 24 999 467 1. 1 493 7.7 1 711 5.6 25 29 999 46 9.8 12 656 9.3 2 22 7.3 3 34 999 427 9.1 13 843 1.2 2 656 8.7 35 39 999 336 7.2 12 546 9.2 2 656 8.7 4 49 999 425 9.1 18 881 13.9 4 471 14.7 5 59 999 225 4.8 12 271 9. 3 265 1.7 6 79 999 197 4.2 13 423 9.9 3 941 13. 8 99 999 72 1.5 6 397 4.7 2 77 6.8 1 81 1.7 14 434 1.6 5 397 17.8 Total 4 685 1 135 739 1 3 382 1 1) Incl. other income subject to taxation Average taxable income, 216 Income subject to Earned income Capital income state taxation /income recipient /income recipient /income recipient Total 28 974 27 87 1 887 Males 33 43 3 73 2 7 Females 24 764 23 649 1 115 At-risk-of-poverty At-risk-of-poverty threshold Disposable monetary income in 216 money At-risk-ofpoverty, persons At-risk-ofpoverty rate Children in at-risk-ofpoverty households /consumption unit 1) Thousand % of population Thousand 21 14 34 728 13.7 128 211 14 4 74 13.2 12 212 14 37 635 11.9 12 213 14 43 69 12.8 117 214 14 32 674 12.5 16 215 14 28 634 11.7 1 216 14 43 623 11.5 19 1) One adult in the household is one consumption unit. Other persons in the household aged at least 14 each are.5 consumption units and children aged to 13 each are.3 consumption units.
22 Income and Consumption Household expenditure 198 199 2 21 216* % Housing and energy 18.6 18.2 24.6 26.2 28.5 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 21.3 16.3 12.6 12.1 12. Transport 14.4 14.5 13.3 12.3 11.9 Recreation and culture 1.2 11.2 11.3 11.8 1.5 Hotels, cafés and restaurants 6.4 7.7 6.4 6.3 6.4 Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house 6.1 5.4 4.9 5.3 4.9 Health 2.1 2.9 3.8 4.4 4.6 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 6.3 6.6 5.8 5. 4.4 Clothing and footwear 6.1 5.6 4.6 4.7 4.3 Communications 1.1 1.4 3.1 2.5 2.3 Education.2.3.5.4.4 Miscellaneous goods and services 7.2 9.8 9.2 8.9 9.8 Total consumption expenditure 1 1 1 1 1 Consumption of selected commodities per person 198 199 2 21 216* Milk products kg 263. 222.9 193.9 183.3 166.1 Butter kg 11.7 5.5 3.8 3.3 3.4 Margarine kg 7.9 7.6 7.7.... Vegetable oils kg.. 3.3 4.9 5.2.. Cheese kg 6.6 12.7 16.5 19. 26.3 Eggs kg 11.7 11.1 1.1 9.8 11.9 Nuts kg.3.5.7 1.1 1.6 Wheat kg 44.7 43.5 45.9 46.4 44.7 Rye kg 2.8 17.4 15.3 16.1 15.5 Rice kg 3.6 4.6 5.6 5.2 5.8 Potatoes kg 59.8 6.3 61.6.... Fresh vegetables kg 21.1 41.5 52.8 56.1 63.7 Fresh fruit kg 49.8 5.2 45.2 47.1 6.5 Meat kg 58.9 64.1 68.3 75.3 8.4 Fish kg.. 18.9 13.2 15.2.. Coffee 1) kg 1.3 1.2 8.7 8.3 8.6 Sugar kg 36.8 34.7 32. 31.8 29.1 Tobacco kg 1.2 1..6 2).6 2) 3).6 Beer l 57.3 83.3 78.4 82.8 76.6 Wine l...... 12.2 11.5 Alcoholic beverages, 1 % l 6.3 7.7 7. 8.1 3) 7.1 1) Sales of roasted coffee 2) Incl. untaxable consumption 3) Final data AVERAGE HOUSING LOAN OF HOUSEHOLD-DWELLING UNITS WITH A HOUSING LOAN 216 97 215 /householddwelling unit
Justice 23 Development of selected offences 1) 21 216 217 Offences and infractions total 935 69 823 449 861 921 Offences against the Criminal Code 55 357 466 857 438 373 Offences 2) 431 623 411 725 39 719 Theft, petty theft 148 213 131 432 125 431 Breaking into a residence 6 453 5 3 4 77 Breaking into business premises 4 91 3 329 3 34 Shoplifting 53 439 46 86 44 97 Robbery 1 58 1 673 1 64 Damage to property 49 16 35 17 33 466 Fraud, embezzlement 19 163 27 989 26 529 Means of payment frauds 4 458 15 124 6 678 Manslaughter, murder, killing 11 78 73 Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing 38 311 348 Assault 33 82 33 769 33 535 Sexual exploitation of a child 1 12 1 242 1 168 Rape 818 1 16 1 245 Drunken driving 21 13 17 38 17 685 Offences involving narcotics 19 724 25 82 27 777 Alcohol-related offences and infractions 4 53 2 876 1 811 Endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction 53 986 411 724 471 22 1) Offences recorded by the police, Finnish Customs and the Finnish Border Guard 2) Excl. endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction Bankruptcy petitions Number 5 4 Personnel Bankruptcies 3 2 1 199 1993 1996 1999 22 25 28 211 214 217 OFFENCES AND INFRACTIONS SOLVED 217 644 493
24 Labour Market Population aged 15 to 74 by activity 2 21 216 217 Population aged 15 to 74, thousand 3 91 4 43 4 19 4 114 Labour force 2 589 2 672 2 685 2 77 Employed 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473 Unemployed 253 224 237 234 Inactive population 1 312 1 372 1 424 1 47 Labour force rate, % 66.4 66.1 65.3 65.8 Unemployment rate, % 9.8 8.4 8.8 8.6 Employed 1), thousand 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473 Type of employment relationship, thousand Part-time work 286 358 399 48 Full-time work 2 47 2 87 2 48 2 63 Employer sector, thousand Private 1 692 1 774 1 783 1 794 Local government 486 51 528 533 Central government 151 153 129 141 Status in employment, thousand Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers 319 328 344 326 Employees 2 16 2 12 2 15 2 147 Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year Total 1 638 1 584 1 62 1 61 Private sector 1 673 1 614 1 626 1 625 Public sector 1 563 1 52 1 552 1 547 1) Incl. unknown Employment rate, persons aged 15 to 64 8 75 7 65 6 Share of employed persons of persons aged 15 to 64, % Males 55 Total Females 5 1989 1992 1995 1998 21 24 27 21 213 216-17
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry Labour Market 25 2 21 216 217 Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and Thousand persons quarrying 146 115 11 99 Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management 473 388 356 355 Construction 147 172 178 187 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 277 298 29 282 Transportation and storage 152 156 141 139 Accommodation and food service activities 77 83 85 85 Information and communication 89 95 11 16 Financial, insurance and real estate activities 7 71 75 81 Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities 184 25 271 283 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 115 117 111 115 Education 165 174 173 181 Human health and social work activities 326 379 49 44 Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities 19 139 148 152 Industry unknown 6 12 8 5 Total 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473 Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship Employees total Permanent full-time work Permanent part-time work Fixed-term work Males Females Males Females Males Females Thousand persons 21 2 12 851 73 58 151 129 21 211 2 143 851 734 67 155 135 22 212 2 146 847 741 66 156 134 22 213 2 127 846 734 61 155 129 21 214 2 15 827 73 67 151 129 2 215 2 9 817 733 71 149 127 194 216 2 15 83 715 69 159 136 197 217 2 147 855 716 68 164 141 24 NUMBER OF LABOUR DISPUTES 217 13 AVERAGE NUMBER OF OPEN JOB VACANCIES 217 41 6
26 Labour Market Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 5 4 3 Thousand persons Total Males Females 2 1 1989 1992 1995 1998 21 24 27 21 213 216-17 Unemployment rate Total Males Females Aged 15 to 24 Long-term Aged 15 to 74 unemployed 1) % % % % % of unemployed 21 8.4 9.1 7.6 21.4 23.4 211 7.8 8.4 7.1 2.1 22.4 212 7.7 8.3 7.1 19. 21.5 213 8.2 8.8 7.5 19.9 21. 214 8.7 9.3 8. 2.5 22.8 215 9.4 9.9 8.8 22.4 24.9 216 8.8 9. 8.6 2.1 26.3 217 8.6 8.9 8.4 2.1 24.7 1) Unemployed continuously for 12 months or longer Commuting Persons working outside their municipality of residence Persons working in their municipality of residence Total % Total % 199 51 138 21.9 1 822 144 78.1 2 611 275 27.4 1 617 282 72.6 21 752 242 32.3 1 573 437 67.7 211 771 537 32.8 1 582 885 67.2 212 77 3 32.9 1 569 64 67.1 213 76 939 33.1 1 54 812 66.9 214 756 617 33.3 1 517 459 66.7 215 758 717 33.6 1 497 742 66.4 AVERAGE COMMUTING DISTANCE 215 14.1 km
Industrial statistics, 216 Branch of industry Establishments Manufacturing 27 Personnel Value added in production Thousand million % Whole industry 27 164 315 32 98 1 Mining and quarrying 97 6 592 1.8 Manufacturing 22 851 288 27 319 83. Food products, bewerages 2 59 33 2 546 7.7 Wearing apparel, leather and related products 1 79 6 413 1.3 Forest industry 2 249 36 4 38 12.3 Printing and reproduction of recorded media 1 57 7 46 1.2 Coke and refined petroleum products 31 3 772 2.3 Chemicals and chemical products 398 12 1 889 5.7 Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 4 4 1 294 3.9 Rubber and plastic products 626 11 1 16 3.1 Other non-metallic mineral products 97 12 1 26 3.1 Basic metals 18 12 1 361 4.1 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 4 718 36 2 46 7.3 Computer, electronic and optical products 63 2 2 559 7.8 Electrical equipment 484 15 1 389 4.2 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 1 538 4 3 423 1.4 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 249 7 456 1.4 Other transport equipment 375 7 524 1.6 Furniture 915 6 321 1. Other manufacturing 1 358 4 219.7 Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 3 184 18 1 262 3.8 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1 481 11 3 585 1.9 Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activites 1 862 1 1 411 4.3 Volume index of industrial output 215 = 1 2 175 15 125 1 75 Metal industry 5 Chemical industry Electrical and electronics industry 25 Total industry Forest industry 1995 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217*
28 National Accounts Gross domestic product per capita /inhabitant, at reference year 217 prices 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17* Annual change in the volume of gross domestic product % 8 6 4 2-2 -4-6 -8-1 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 21 26 211 216* -17* Gross domestic product at market prices At current prices At reference year 217 prices Annual change in volume billion /inhabitant billion /inhabitant % 21 187.1 34 885 213.6 39 82 3. 211 196.9 36 536 219.1 4 655 2.6 212 199.8 36 93 215.9 39 885-1.4 213 23.3 37 385 214.3 39 4 -.8 214 25.5 37 615 212.9 38 983 -.6 215 29.6 38 245 213.2 38 97.1 216* 215.8 39 265 217.8 39 631 2.1 217* 223.8 4 612 223.8 4 612 2.7
Structural change of the economy % of gross value added 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Services National Accounts 29 Industry and construction Agriculture, forestry and fishery 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-16* Households indebtedness ratio and savings ratio % of disposable income 15 12 9 6 Households' indebtedness ratio incl. households' share of the debts of housing companies 3 Households' savings ratio -3 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17* Current account billion 15 Current account, billion 12 Current account, % relative to GDP 9 6 3-3 -6 % 15-9 -9 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17* 12 9 6 3-3 -6
3 National Accounts Gross value added by region, 216* 19 Gross value added at basic prices /inhabitant 24 936 27 27 1 3 3 1 31 31 1 44 35 17 18 Whole country 33 75/inhabitant 15 14 16 13 11 12 21 4 2 6 7 5 8 1 1 9 Region Gross value added Region Gross value added million million 1 Uusimaa 72 259 12 North Karelia 4 283 2 Varsinais-Suomi 14 711 13 Central Finland 7 832 4 Satakunta 6 832 14 South Ostrobothnia 5 18 5 Kanta-Häme 4 873 15 Ostrobothnia 5 981 6 Pirkanmaa 15 67 16 Central Ostrobothnia 2 11 7 Päijät-Häme 5 565 17 North Ostrobothnia 11 386 8 Kymenlaakso 5 288 18 Kainuu 1 872 9 South Karelia 4 17 19 Lapland 5 66 1 Etelä-Savo 3 914 21 Åland 1 177 11 Pohjois-Savo 6 862 Whole country 185 467 Regional division as on 1 January 217
Population 31 Population structure on 31 December 19 195 2 216 217 Population, thousand Total 2 656 4 3 5 181 5 53 5 513 Males 1 311 1 926 2 529 2 712 2 719 Females 1 345 2 14 2 652 2 791 2 794 Age, % 14 35.1 3. 18.1 16.2 16.2 15 64 59.6 63.4 66.9 62.9 62.5 65 84 5.2 6.4 13.5 18.3 18.7 85.1.2 1.5 2.6 2.7 Average age, years Males 26.3 28.6 37.7 41.1 41.3 Females 27.5 31.6 41. 43.8 44. Language 1), % Finnish 86.8 91.1 92.4 88.3 87.9 Swedish 12.9 8.6 5.6 5.3 5.2 Sami.1.1... Russian.3.1.5 1.4 1.4 Other..1 1.4 5.1 5.4 Marital status, % Single 6.9 53.3 47.1 48.2 48.4 Males 63. 55.6 51.1 52.1 52.2 Females 58.9 5.8 43.2 44.5 44.6 Married 2) 33.6 39.4 38.3 36.3 36.1 Males 34. 41.2 39.2 36.8 36.6 Females 33.2 38. 37.5 35.8 35.7 Divorced and widowed 2) 5.5 7.2 14.6 15.5 15.5 Males 3. 3.2 9.7 11.1 11.2 Females 7.9 11.2 19.3 19.7 19.7 Religion, % Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 3) 98.1 95. 85.1 72. 7.9 Greek Orthodox Church 4) 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 Other.2.5 1.1 1.6 1.6 Population Register or unknown - 2.8 12.7 25.3 26.3 1) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages 2) In 216 217 incl. registered partnerships 3) Incl. other Lutheran churches 4) Incl. other Orthodox churches Population projection 22 23 24 25 26 Population, thousand 5 595 5 769 5 861 5 914 5 979 Age, % 14 16.2 15.3 14.8 14.6 14.3 15 64 61.2 59.1 58.9 58.1 56.9 65 84 19.8 21.8 2.4 2.7 22.2 85 2.8 3.8 5.9 6.6 6.7
32 Population Demographic dependency ratio by municipality, 217 Persons aged under 15 and 65 or over per one hundred working age persons (15 64-year-olds) 45 67 68 74 75 81 82 15 The dependency ratio was 6 in the whole country Kokkola Rovaniemi Oulu Kajaani Vaasa Seinäjoki Jyväskylä Kuopio Joensuu Mikkeli Pori Tampere N 5 1 km Hämeenlinna Lappeenranta Kouvola Lahti Turku Mariehamn Helsinki Regional division as on 1 January 218
Age structure of population on 31 December Population 33 Age Males Females 1 95 99 9 94 85 89 8 84 75 79 7 74 65 69 6 64 55 59 5 54 45 49 4 44 35 39 3 34 25 29 2 24 15 19 1 14 5 9 4 2 1 1 2 Vital statistics 1917 217 2 1) 21 1) 217 1) Live births 56 742 11. 6 98 11.4 5 321 9.1 Deaths 49 339 9.5 5 887 9.5 53 722 9.8 Excess of births 7 43 1.4 1 93 1.9-3 41 -.6 Immigration 16 895 3.3 25 636 4.8 *3 217 *5.5 Emigration 14 311 2.8 11 95 2.2 *13 231 *2.4 Net immigration 2 584.5 13 731 2.6 *16 986 *3.1 Population growth 9 813 1.9 23 849 4.4 9 833 1.8 Marriages Couples of opposite sex 27 749 5.4 31 925 6. 25 988 4.7 Couples of same sex........ 554.1 Registered partnerships.... 322.1 36. Divorces Couples of opposite sex 14 96 2.7 13 87 2.6 13 483 2.4 Couples of same sex........ 2. Divorces from registered partnerships.... 64. 131. 1) Per thousand mean population
34 Population Development of population 6 Million persons 5 Emigration 4 to Sweden Second 3 World War Civil War 2 Great Famine 1 Cholera years Finnish War 175 1775 18 1825 185 1875 19 1925 195 1975 2-17 Live births and deaths Thousand persons 12 1 8 Live births 6 4 Deaths 2 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 217 Migration Thousand persons 4 3 2 1-1 -2-3 Immigration -4 Emigration -5 Net immigration -6 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 217*
Population 35 Population by origin, country of birth and language, 216 Population 31.12.216 5 53 297 Persons with Finnish background 5 138 51 Country of birth Finland 5 87 89 Mother tongue: Finnish 4 82 149 Swedish 277 224 Sami 1 898 Other language 6 538 Country of birth foreign countries 5 71 Mother tongue: Finnish 38 266 Swedish 6 643 Sami 3 Other language 5 762 Persons with foreign background 364 787 Country of birth Finland 57 947 Mother tongue: Finnish 1 539 Swedish 982 Sami 9 Other language 46 417 Country of birth foreign countries 36 84 Mother tongue: Finnish 6 841 Swedish 4 691 Sami 32 Other language 295 276 Population by language on 31 December 214 215 216 217 Finnish 4 868 751 4 865 628 4 857 795 4 848 761 Swedish 29 747 29 161 289 54 289 52 Sami 1 949 1 957 1 969 1 992 Other languages total 31 36 329 562 353 993 373 325 Russian 69 614 72 436 75 444 77 177 Estonian 46 195 48 87 49 241 49 59 Arabic 14 825 16 713 21 783 26 467 Somali 16 721 17 871 19 59 2 7 English 16 732 17 784 18 758 19 626 Kurdish 1 731 11 271 12 226 13 327 Persian, Farsi 8 13 8 745 1 882 12 9 Chinese 1 11 1 722 11 334 11 825 Albanian 8 754 9 233 9 791 1 391 Vietnamese 7 532 8 273 9 248 9 872 Total 5 471 753 5 487 38 5 53 297 5 513 13
36 Population Foreigners in Finland Country of citizenship 216 % 217 % Annual change, % Estonia 51 499 21.1 51 539 2.7.1 Russia 3 97 12.7 29 183 11.7-5.8 Iraq 9 813 4. 11 729 4.7 19.5 China 8 48 3.5 8 742 3.5 3.1 Sweden 8 4 3.3 8 18 3.2 -.3 Thailand 7 487 3.1 7 533 3..6 Somalia 7 18 2.9 6 677 2.7-4.9 Afghanistan 5 294 2.2 5 792 2.3 9.4 Viet Nam 5 253 2.2 5 63 2.2 6.7 Syrian Arab Republic 3 355 1.4 5 29 2.1 57.7 Others 16 43 43.7 19 346 43.8 2.7 Total 243 639 1 249 452 1 2.4 Finnish citizenships 1) granted Country of previous citizenship 212 213 214 215 216 Russia 2 477 2 13 2 317 1 728 2 28 Somalia 69 814 834 955 1 66 Iraq 457 521 45 56 534 Estonia 521 436 382 42 459 Afghanistan 51 479 251 242 376 Turkey 278 271 257 229 264 Viet Nam 15 15 114 146 225 Iran, Islamic Republic of 451 341 219 14 222 Sweden 19 146 186 165 26 India 117 99 152 137 193 Others 3 327 3 57 3 143 3 199 3 82 Total 9 87 8 93 8 26 7 921 9 375 1) Persons permanently resident in Finland Asylum-seekers and refugee quota 213 214 215 216 217 Asylum-seekers 3 238 3 651 32 476 5 651 5 46 Decisions on asylum 1) Asylum granted 556 51 1 112 4 586 2 528 Residence permit granted 2) 1 271 845 767 3 159 1 256 No asylum or residence permit granted 3) 1 93 2 5 1 37 14 282 3 996 Family reunification Positive decisions 875 1 94 986 1 179 2 8 Negative decisions 1 692 1 35 46 283 619 Refugee quota 75 1 5 1 5 75 75 1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service 2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection 3) Change in the statistical practice from the beginning of 215
Life expectancy Population 37 Age 2 21 217* Males Females Males Females Males Females Years 74.1 81. 76.7 83.2 78.7 84.2 1 64.6 71.4 67. 73.5 68.9 74.4 2 54.8 61.5 57.2 63.6 59.1 64.5 3 45.4 51.7 47.8 53.8 49.6 54.7 4 36.1 42.1 38.3 44. 4. 45. 5 27.3 32.7 29.3 34.6 3.8 35.3 6 19.2 23.7 21.1 25.5 22.1 26.2 7 12.1 15.2 13.8 17. 14.6 17.6 8 6.6 8.2 7.6 9.4 8.1 9.9 Families, 216 All families Average size of family Families with children aged aged 17 6 Total 1 475 583 2.8 569 676 284 285 Married couple without children 529 697 2... Married couple with children 418 32 4. 334 861 168 7 Cohabiting couple without children 218 439 2... Cohabiting couple with children 123 321 3.7 111 37 71 191 Mother with children 151 459 2.5 15 693 41 431 Father with children 31 951 2.3 17 164 3 187 Registered male couple 1) 1 52 2. 7 3 Registered female couple 1) 1 632 2.6 644 466 1) Incl. registered partnerships with children Families with children and the number of children, 216 Number of children aged 17 Families with children % Number of children Total 569 676 1 1 51 285 1 1 child 244 159 42.9 244 159 23.2 2 children 22 81 38.8 441 62 42. 3 children 75 489 13.3 226 467 21.5 4+ children 29 227 5.1 139 57 13.2 % AVERAGE AGE AT FIRST CONFINEMENT 217 SHARE OF RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES AMONG FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN 216 29.2 years 9.1%
38 Population Population data by region 1) Population Population Annual Share of Excess of density change total births inh./km 2 % population % 2) 1.1.218 31.12.217 217 217 217 Uusimaa 182 1 655 624 1.1 3. 2.7 Varsinais-Suomi 45 477 677.4 8.7-1.6 Satakunta 28 22 398 -.6 4. -4.5 Kanta-Häme 33 172 72 -.6 3.1-2.2 Pirkanmaa 41 512 81.5 9.3 -.2 Päijät-Häme 39 21 228 -.2 3.6-3.2 Kymenlaakso 34 175 511-1.2 3.2-5.8 South Karelia 24 129 865 -.5 2.4-5.2 Etelä-Savo 1 147 194-1.2 2.7-7.7 Pohjois-Savo 15 246 653 -.5 4.5-3.5 North Karelia 9 162 986 -.7 3. -4.6 Central Finland 17 276 31 -.1 5. -1.7 South Ostrobothnia 14 19 91 -.5 3.5-1.7 Ostrobothnia 23 18 945 -.3 3.3 -.1 Central Ostrobothnia 14 68 78 -.4 1.2 1.2 North Ostrobothnia 11 411 856.2 7.5 2.8 Kainuu 4 73 959-1.1 1.3-6.1 Lapland 2 179 223 -.5 3.3-3.5 Åland 19 29 489.9.5 1.5 Whole country 18 5 513 13.2 1 -.6 1) Regional division as on 1 January 218 2) Per thousand mean poplulation Population in the largest municipalities 1) Population Annual change, % Population Annual change, % 31.12.217 217 31.12.217 217 Helsinki 643 272 1.3 Rovaniemi 62 42.3 Espoo 279 44 1.6 Mikkeli 54 261 -.5 Tampere 231 853 1.6 Kotka 53 539-1.2 Vantaa 223 27 1.7 Salo 52 984-1. Oulu 21 81.6 Porvoo 5 159. Turku 189 669 1.1 Kokkola 47 723. Jyväskylä 14 188 1. Lohja 46 785 -.8 Lahti 119 573.1 Hyvinkää 46 739.3 Kuopio 118 29.4 Järvenpää 42 572 2.5 Pori 84 587 -.6 Nurmijärvi 42 159.4 Kouvola 84 196-1.3 Rauma 39 62. Joensuu 76 67.3 Kirkkonummi 39 17.4 Lappeenranta 72 99.1 Tuusula 38 646.2 Hämeenlinna 67 662 -.3 Kajaani 37 239 -.8 Vaasa 67 392 -.3 Kerava 35 554.1 Seinäjoki 62 676 1. Savonlinna 34 664-1.6 1) The total number of municipalities 311. Regional division as on 1 January 218.
Consumer price index 215 = 1 Prices and Costs 39 216 217 Annual change, % Total index 1.4 11.1.7 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 98.9 97.9 -.9 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 11. 14.1 3. Clothing and footwear 99.4 98.2-1.2 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 1.5 11.9 1.3 Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house 99.7 99.5 -.2 Health 16.8 18.7 1.7 Transport 99.8 12.4 2.6 Communication 1.8 99.1-1.8 Recreation and culture 99.4 98.6 -.7 Education 12.3 14. 1.6 Restaurants and hotels 11.7 13.7 1.9 Miscellaneous goods and services 99.7 1..2 Inflation 2 Consumer price index: average annual change, % 15 1 5-5 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17 Cost-of-living index 1951:1 = 1 2 5 2 1 5 1 5 195 196 197 198 199 2 21 217
4 Prices and Costs Average prices of commodities 214 215 216 217 Low fat milk 1 l 1.1 1.3 1.1.99 Butter 5 g 2.87 2.48 2.46 2.58 Rapeseed oil 1 l 3.66 3.61 3.61 3.62 Cheese, Emmenthal 1 kg 14.2 14.52 13.85 13.75 Quark 25 g 1.36 1.28 1.23 1.18 Eggs 1 kg 3.68 3.6 3.45 3.27 Macaroni 4 g.42.4.38.36 Wheat flour 2 kg 1.36 1.35 1.32 1.3 Crispbread 1 kg 5.5 4.99 5.7 5.14 Minced beef 1 kg 1.2 1.11 9.95 9.95 Beef topside 1 kg 16.74 16.21 16.7 15.99 Chicken breast fillet 1 kg 13.47 13.18 13.2 12.84 Sausage 1 kg 4.94 4.64 4.3 4.26 Rainbow trout, whole 1 kg 9.56 8.5 9.7 12.22 Tuna fish, tinned 15 g 1.81 1.75 1.79 1.78 Coffee, packaged 5 g 3.59 3.87 3.66 3.99 Caster sugar 1 kg 1.8.93.89.88 Block of chocolate 2 g 2.22 2.31 2.36 2.14 Ice cream package 1 l 2.51 2.5 2.47 1.81 Potato 1 kg.87.93.97.85 Pot-grown lettuce ea 1.1 1.16 1.13 1.13 Tomatoes 1 kg 3.25 3.19 3.3 2.92 Cucumbers 1 kg 2.57 2.5 2.47 2.46 Oranges 1 kg 1.53 1.55 1.61 1.67 Bananas 1 kg 1.69 1.67 1.48 1.45 Salted nuts 2 g 1.68 1.75 1.84 1.81 Washing-up liquid 1 l 4.45 4.47 4.27 4.3 Petrol 95 E1 1 l 1.61 1.46 1.38 1.46 Diesel 1 l 1.48 1.3 1.19 1.3 Cinema ticket ea 11.22 11.36 11.77 12.17 Real price development of selected food items 1994 = 1 25 Fresh fish Vegetables 2 Potato Coffee Poultry meat 15 1 5 1994 1997 2 23 26 29 212 215 217
Science, Technology and Information Society 41 Research and development expenditure 8 7 6 5 billion Public sector 1) University sector Business enterprises 4 3 2 1 1997 1999 21 23 25 27 29 211 213 215 217 2) 1) Incl. private non-profit sector 2) Estimate Prevalence of equipment and connections in households 1) 213 214 215 216 217 % of households Flat screen TV 76 81 85 86 87 Full HD TV 41 49 53 58 59 Smart TV.. 19 24 3 34 TV pay card 26 26 25 22 21 IPTV 12 14 17 2 22 Home theatre 24 22 22 22 19 Digital camera 2) 67 63 6 56 5 Camera copter...... 2 2 PC 9 9 9 91 9 Laptop 77 78 78 79 79 Tablet 22 39 51 56 59 Printer or scanner 6 6 61 58 6 Mobile broadband 53 57 67 68 72 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 5 54 62 66 68 Wearable smart device.. 5 13 18 22 Landline telephone (subscription) 14 12 9 9 7 Smartphone 6 69 76 82 87 GPS tracking device in car 31 35 32 32 3 1) The age of the household target person is between 15 and 74 2) Incl. digital video camera OF PENSIONERS, 32% HAVE NEVER USED THE INTERNET 217
42 Social Protection Social protection expenditure by function 21 215 216 million % million % million % Sickness and health 13 468 24.6 15 684 23.4 15 45 22.4 Disability 6 427 11.7 6 752 1.1 6 741 9.8 Old age 19 171 35. 26 314 39.2 27 693 4.1 Survivors 1 724 3.1 1 754 2.6 1 789 2.6 Family and children 5 845 1.7 6 618 9.9 6 632 9.6 Unemployment 4 37 8. 5 561 8.3 5 588 8.1 Housing 923 1.7 1 45 2.2 1 644 2.4 Other social protection 1 425 2.6 1 849 2.8 2 374 3.4 Administration 1 48 2.7 1 153 1.7 1 147 1.7 Total 54 832 1 67 133 1 69 58 1 % relative to GDP 29.3 32. 32. Parental allowances 2 21 216 217 Total, million 478.5 957.5 993.5 934.4 Maternity allowance 181.2 382.8 374.3 354.8 Paternity allowance 26.6 67.2 112.7 18.6 Parental allowance, million Paid to mothers 266.2 483.6 495.3 46. Paid to fathers 4.5 23.9 11.3 11. Beneficiaries, number Mothers 97 4 13 6 92 9 87 9 Fathers 42 9 56 4 61 8 61 2 Days Total, thousand 15 232 16 668 15 386 14 475 Fathers, % 4.2 7.1 9.5 1. Beneficiaries of general housing allowance on 31 December 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Household, thousand Persons living alone Families with children: Single-provider families Two-provider families Couples without children Other households 199 1995 2 25 21 215-17 1) 1) From 217 incl. students
Social Protection 43 Recipients of unemployment benefits on 31 December 217 Age 6 64 Males Females 55 59 5 54 45 49 4 44 35 39 3 34 25 29 2 24 17 19 3 2 1 1 2 3 Basic allowance incl. labour market support Pension beneficiaries Earnings-related allowance Earnings-related allowance 2 21 216 217 Old-age pension 869 672 1 93 267 1 299 958 1 339 991 Unemployment pension 54 291 33 938 - - Disability pension 276 269 267 248 214 46 26 48 Part-time pension 24 533 28 764 1 388 7 244 Special pensions for farmers 4 845 24 33 13 615 12 26 Surviving spouse s pension 252 798 263 176 254 437 253 11 Orphan s pension 28 476 22 53 18 31 17 444 Total 1) 1 284 145 1 463 835 1 558 9 1 585 582 1) The same individual may be the beneficiary of more than one type of pension Total pension distribution among pension beneficiaries 1) on 31 December 217 Total pension All beneficiaries Males Females /month % % % 799 165 4 11.2 65 36 9.8 99 644 12.4 8 1 99 248 143 16.9 86 674 13. 161 469 2.1 1 1 1 399 295 579 2.1 17 42 16.1 188 177 23.4 1 4 1 699 218 314 14.8 93 91 14. 125 223 15.6 1 7 1 999 176 1 12. 85 56 12.8 9 54 11.3 2 2 299 12 753 8.2 66 21 9.9 54 732 6.8 2 3 2 599 78 716 5.4 46 22 6.9 32 496 4. 2 6 2 899 52 86 3.5 32 292 4.9 19 794 2.5 2 9 3 199 33 719 2.3 22 37 3.4 11 412 1.4 3 2 81 853 5.6 6 934 9.2 2 919 2.6 Total 1 47 177 1 665 87 1 84 37 1 Average pension, /month 1 656 1 874 1 476 1) People living in Finland who receive old-age (excl. partial old-age), disability or special farmer s pension