Popular Sovereignty and Constituent Power in Latin America
Emelio Betances Carlos Figueroa Ibarra Editors Popular Sovereignty and Constituent Power in Latin America Democracy from Below
Editors Emelio Betances Gettysburg College Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA Carlos Figueroa Ibarra Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico ISBN 978-1-137-54824-5 ISBN 978-1-137-54825-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54825-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016958202 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image by Miguel A. Villanueva Cover design by Oscar Spigolon Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York
CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 Emelio Betances and Carlos Figueroa Ibarra 2 Constituent and Constituted Power: Reading Social Transformation in Latin America 15 Dario Azzellini 3 The National-Popular Alternative and the Processes of Democratization from Below in the Andean Nations 41 Octavio Humberto Moreno Velador 4 Visions of Democracy in Bolivia Between the Dictatorships and the Process of Change: Suite in Two Movements 63 Eduardo Córdova 5 Movements Towards the People: A Proposal to Think of Political Subjects in Bolivia and Argentina 89 María Antonia Muñoz 6 Participative Democracy and the Alternative National Project of Morena in Mexico 113 Carlos Figueroa Ibarra v
vi CONTENTS 7 Building Social Citizenship: Popular Movements in the Dominican Republic, 1992 2014 137 Emelio Betances 8 Popular Feminism at Work: Redistribution and Recognition in the Marcha Mundial das Mulheres in Brazil 159 Nathalie Lebon 9 Popular Power and Regional Integration: An Analysis of the ALBA-TCP 183 Liza Elena Aceves López and Guiseppe Lo Brutto Index 203
NOTES ON THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Dario Azzellini received a Ph.D. in Political Science from J.W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt a M., Germany (2010) and a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (2012). He teaches Sociology at the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. His main publications include Communes and Workers Control in Venezuela: Building Twenty-first Century Socialism from Below (Brill 2016) and An Alternative Labour History: Worker Control and Workplace Democracy (Zed Books 2015). Emelio Betances has a Ph.D. in Sociology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey (1989), and teaches Sociology at Gettysburg College. His publications include State and Society in the Dominican Republic (Westview Press, 1995), The Dominican Republic Today: Realities and Perspectives, edited with Hobart Spalding. (Bildner Center for Western Hemesphire Studies, 1996), The Catholic Church and Power Politics in Latin America: The Dominican Case in Comparative Perspectives (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), and En busca de la ciudadanía: los movimientos sociales y la democratización en la República Dominicana (Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2016). Giuseppe Lo Brutto has a Ph.D. in the political economy of development and teaches on the graduate program of the Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades in the Benemérita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. His publications include Cooperación Internacional y Democracia en México (2014) and Strategic Integration of Latin America: A Disputed vii
viii NOTES ON THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Project in Latin American Perspectives, Issue 203, Vol. 42 No. 4, July 2015). He is a member of the National Research System in México. Eduardo Córdova holds a Ph.D. in Latin American Studies from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2011). He works as a researcher at the Universidad Mayor de San Simón in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and teaches on the graduate program in the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz. He edits Urbimetría, Revista Boliviana de Estudios del Hábit and has co-authored El movimiento antiglobalización en Bolivia (2008) and Poder y cambio en Bolivia (2010), and co-edited Estado plurinacional. Institucionalidad y ciudadanía (2011). Carlos Figueroa Ibarra received a Ph.D. in Sociology and teaches on the graduate program of the Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades in Benemérita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. His works include El proletariado rural en el agro guatemalteco (1980), El recurso del miedo: Ensayo sobre Estado y terror en Guatemala (1980), Paz Tejada: militar y revolucionario (2001), Los que siempre estarán en ninguna parte: La desaparición forzada en Guatemala (1999) and En el umbral del posneoliberalismo? Izquierda y gobierno en América Latina (2010). Nathalie Lebon has a Ph.D. in anthropology and teaches Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Gettysburg College. She is co-editor with Elizabeth Maier of Women s Movements in Latin America and the Caribbean: Engendered Social Justice, Democratizing Citizenship (2010) and De lo privado a lo público: 30 años de lucha ciudadana de las mujeres en América Latina (2006). Liza Elena Acevez López holds a Ph.D. in Sociology and works as a researcher at the Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo Económico. She coauthored Democracia participativa y poder popular: la experiencia de los consejos comunales en Venezuela published in Carlos Figueroa-Ibarra and Blanca Laura Cordero Díaz, eds. Posneliberalismo en América Latina? Los límites de la hegemonía neoliberal en la región (2011) She is also a member of the National Research System in Mexico. María Antonia Muñoz has a Ph.D in Political and Social Sciences and works as a researcher at the Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales in the Universidad de la Plata in Argentina. Her publications include Political Crisis and Social Conflicts in Argentina: Scope and Limits of a type of Non-conventional Political Participation in the
NOTES ON THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ix Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, No. 87, October issue (2009); and Laclau, order y conflicto, in Revisa 17 Dossier de Sicoanálisis y Política, Vol. 1, No. 2. (2012). Octavio Humberto Moreno Velador received a Ph.D. in Sociology and teaches at the Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales at the Benemérita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. He co-authored, with Carlos Figueroa- Ibarra, La reacción conservadora en América Latina. Notas iniciales desde México y Centroamérica in Carlos Figueroa Ibarra and Blanca Cordero Díaz, ed. (2011) Posneliberalismo en América Latina? Los límites de la hegemonía neoliberal en la región.
LIST OF FIGURES Graph 6.1. Fluctuation of GDP (1970 2014) 119 Graph 7.1. Social protests in the Dominican Republic, 1997 2009 141 xi
LIST OF TABLE Table 9.1 Number of organizations that participate in the Articulation of Social Movements towards the ALBA, sorted by country (members and non-members) 185 xiii