Name: Class Period: Unit 3- Hammering Out a Federal Republic Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 3: Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. Key Concept 3.3: Migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations. Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them. Guided Reading Chapter 7: Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820 As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left column. When you finish the section, analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column. The Political Crisis of the 1790s, pp 202-215 The ideals that inspired the revolutionary cause reflected new beliefs about politics, religion, and society that had been developing over the course of the 18th century. After declaring independence, American political leaders created new constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both centralized power and excessive popular influence. New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the United States alongside continued regional variations and differences over economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues. Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis In the debate over ratifying the Constitution, Anti- Federalists opposing ratification battled with Federalists, whose principles were articulated in the Federalist Papers (primarily written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison). Federalists ensured the ratification of the Constitution by promising the addition of a Bill of Rights that enumerated individual rights and explicitly restricted the powers of the federal government. The Federalists Implement the Constitution -Judiciary Act of 1789- -The Bill of Rights- List THREE main features of the Federalists implementation of the Constitution. 1. 2. 3.
During the presidential administrations of George Washington and John Adams, political leaders created institutions and precedents that put the principles of the Constitution into practice. Hamilton s Financial Plan 1. Report on Public Credit (Assumption of Debt) What where the three key elements of Hamilton s financial program? 1. 2. 3. Political leaders in the 1790s took a variety of positions on issues such as the relationship between the national government and the states, economic policy, foreign policy, and the balance between liberty and order. This led to the formation of political parties most significantly the Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic- Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. 2. Creation of a National Bank -Bank of the United States- 3. Raising Revenue through Tariffs & Whiskey Tax Jefferson s Agrarian Vision Why did Hamilton believe a national debt would strengthen the United States and help ensure its survival? Why were the following policies controversial? 1. Assumption of Debt 2. Creation of Bank of U.S. How did Jefferson s idea of an agrarian vision differ from the economic vision put forward by Hamilton? War between France and Britain resulting from the French Revolution presented challenges to the United States over issues of free trade and foreign policy and fostered political disagreement. The French Revolution Divides Americans -Proclamation of Neutrality- -Whiskey Rebellion- How did the French Revolution divide Americans? Which of the following would most likely agree with Washington s response to the Whiskey Rebellion? Federalists or Antifederalist. Why? How did the Whiskey Rebellion end differently than Shays Rebellion? What is the significance of this difference?
Same concepts on page two are repeated in the sections on this page. -Jay s Treaty- How did Jay s Treaty divide Americans? The Rise of Political Parties -XYZ Affair- How did the XYZ Affair divide Americans? -Naturalization Act- -Alien Act- -Sedition Act- -Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions- Explain how Jefferson and Madison in the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions illustrated the continued American spirit of rebellion after independence and the creation of the new republic? Why did Jefferson consider his election in 1800 to be a revolution? -The Revolution of 1800 - Compare and contrast the two political parties, Federalist and Democratic-Republican.
A Republican Empire is Born pp 215-222 In the decades after American independence, interactions among different groups resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending. The continued presence of European powers in North America challenged the United States to find ways to safeguard its borders, maintain neutral trading rights, and promote its economic interests. The nation s transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based on voting by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of political parties. Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis Various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances with Europeans, other tribes, and the U.S., seeking to limit migration of white settlers and maintain control of tribal lands and natural resources. British alliances with American Indians contributed to tensions between the U.S. and Britain. As increasing numbers of migrants from North America and other parts of the world continued to move westward, frontier culture that had emerged in the colonial period continued to grow, fueling social, political, and ethnic tensions. Sham Treaties and Indian Lands -Treaty of Greenville- Migration and the Changing Farm Economy political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European powers. The Jefferson Presidency List three ways Jefferson reversed Federalist policies. 1. 2. 3. Supreme Court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws. -Marbury v. Madison What important principle did the Supreme Court establish for itself in the Marbury v. Madison decision?
The United States government forged diplomatic initiatives aimed at dealing with the continued British and Spanish presence in North America, as U.S. settlers migrated beyond the Appalachians and sought free navigation of the Mississippi River. Jefferson and the West -Pinckney s Treaty- -Louisiana Purchase- Was the Louisiana Purchase decision a loose or strict interpretation of the constitution? political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European powers. -Burr Conspiracy- -Lewis & Clark Expedition- The War of 1812 and Transformation of Politics, pp 222-232 The nation s transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based on voting by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of political parties. Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European powers. Conflict in the Atlantic and the West -Embargo Act of 1807- To what extent was Jefferson s foreign policies similar to those of Washington? Explain. The United States government forged diplomatic initiatives aimed at dealing with the continued British and Spanish presence in North America, as U.S. settlers migrated beyond the Appalachians and sought free navigation of the Mississippi River. -War Hawks- -Battle of Tippecanoe- How did the U.S. face conflict in the Atlantic and the West in the Jeffersonian era?
Causes of War of 1812 1. Impressment of American sailors 2. Problems with Indians in the Ohio River Valley 3. England continued to maintain forts on frontier 4. War Hawks (Calhoun and Clay) wanted to expand to Canada and were anti-british Of the main causes of the War of 1812, which was the most significant? Explain your answer. The War of 1812 What was so significant about the Hartford Convention? Supreme Court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws. -Hartford Convention- -Treaty of Ghent- What were the major consequences of the War of 1812? Results of War of 1812 1. The status quo was maintained in the Treaty of Ghent (1815) 2. Increased nationalism 3. Increased manufacturing 4. Freedom of the seas restored 5. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became war heroes. political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European power. The Federalist Legacy *Review Table 7.1 at the bottom of page 229. You may want to insert the table in the notes. Why do Historians think the decisions of the Marshall Court constitute a Federalist legacy?
-Rush-Bagot Treaty- -Treaty of 1818- (See class notes) To what extent were relations between the United States and Great Britain more positive in the Era of Good Feelings than they were during the 1780s and 1790s. Provide evidence to back up your assertion. -Adams-Onis Treaty- Explain why President Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams pursued a more aggressive foreign policy. -Monroe Doctrine- With the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine was America now a world power? To what extent was this era good?