Nataliya Nechayeva-Yuriychuk Department of Political Science & Public Administration Yuriy Fed kovych Chernivtsi National University
August, 24, 1991 proclaiming of independence of Ukraine December 1, 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum
Vyacheslav Chornovil (1937-1999) Leonid Kravchuk (1934)
The referendum on confirmation of The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine took place on December 1, 1991. There was a positive response from 90.3 % of the population who took part in the referendum. The elections of the first President of Ukraine were also held, where Leonid Kravchuk won. The response of the world community to the results of the national referendum was unexpectedly unanimous: for December 1991, the independence of Ukraine was recognized by 68 states, and in 1992 it was recognized by 64 states.
Keeping a huge amount of former party nomenclature on their postions; Keeping strong relations with Moscow; Naive imagination of Ukrainian people about the independence, political authority etc. The absence of radical economical reforms; The growing role of new oligarchic clans (for instance, Y.Zvyagil skiy, coil and steel traider, V.Pinchuk etc.); Gradual coalescence of economic clans with authorities (L.Kuchma as the leader of defense enterprise Pivdenmash became the prime-minister in autumn 1992)
In July, 1994 was elected a President of Ukraine In November, 1999 was re-elected as a President of Ukraine Was born in Chernihiv region, Studied and worked in Dnipropetrovs k
1996 adoption of new Constitution of Ukraine
Created the basis for appearing financial & industrial groups in Ukraine which later transformed in contemporary business-structures in Ukraine; 1995 certificate privatization; 1996 agrarian reform (former kolhosps collective farms were divided between peasants); Economic stabilization and money reform; Made the first steps toward the European integration of Ukraine; Kept strong relations with Russia.
Had to deal with Russian claims toward Sevastopol, Black Sea Fleet, Crimea. As a result Russia got the bigger part of fleet, the special status of Sevastopol, and the right to keep its part of the fleet on Ukrainian territory. 2000 cassette scandal and international isolation f Kuchma s regime 2002 political reform (the growing role of prime-minister and parliament)
March 2001: The action Ukraine without Kuchma November 2004: Orange revolution
November, 23, 2004 - the start of Orange revolution caused by results of President elections V.Yuschenko - 46,69% V.Yanukovich 49,42%
Results of re-election on December 26, 2004: V.Yuschenko 51,99% V.Yanukovych 44,2% Results of President elections 2010: V.Yanukovych 48,95% Y.Tymoshenko 45,47%
New president concentrated in his hands financial, economical, technical, information, power resources. Authoritarian style of state management was established. Such financial groups as R.Ahmetov, D.Firtash, I.Kolomoisky strengthened their positions in Ukrainian economy and political life The son of V.Yanukovych Oleksandr became the successful businessman
In September, 2013 Yanukovych proclaimed course on European integration of Ukraine On November, 3 in Chernivtsi Bukovyns ke viche forward European integration was organized by Party of Regions
November 21, 2013 Yanukovych refused to sign the Association Agreement Pictures from Vilnus Summit
In night from November 29 to 30 the brutal dispersal of students which were on Kyyiv Maydan took place
HAPPY NEW YEAR
February 20, 2014: - protestors launched an offensive; -The Parliament adopted the resolution on condemning the use of violence, which led to the deaths of Ukrainian civilians February 22, 2014: - the Parliament announced new President election on May, 25; -V.Yanukovych called the events in Ukraine the coup and left the country
Russia sent troops and military equipment into Ukraine following the February 2014 Ukrainian revolution and Euromaydan movement. In February, during the political crisis, unmarked soldiers gradually took control of the Ukrainian territory of Crimea, which Russia then annexed. London-based military experts said the soldiers were likely Russian special forces (possibly including Spetsnaz commandos) and airborne units, and although Russia initially insisted that Russian forces stationed in the area were not involved, Russian president Vladimir Putin admitted in April that Russian troops had been active in Crimea and said this had laid the ground for the referendum.
On March 16, 2014 a referendum on the status of Crimea was held on by the legislature of Autonomous Republic of Crimea as well as by the local government of Sevastopol, both subdivisions of Ukraine at the time. The referendum asked the people of Crimea whether they wanted to join Russia as a federal subject, or if they wanted to restore the 1992 Crimean constitution and Crimea's status as a part of Ukraine.
March 25, 2014 the President elections in Ukraine Petro Poroshenko the new President 54,7% voted for him
In August, 2014, unmarked troops and military vehicles from Russia also crossed into the Donbass region, escalating the Russian-backed war against Ukrainian forces there. At the beginning of the insurgency, the prime ministers of Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk were Russian citizens; they were succeeded by Ukrainian citizens by August. Many of the separatist fighters are Russian citizens. The SBU claims key commanders of the rebel movement during this time, including Igor Strelkov and Igor Bezler, are Russian agents. Separatist leaders like Alexei Moskovoy visited Moscow and were evasive about who was supplying their weapons.
On September 5, representatives of Ukraine, Russia, the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic signed the Minsk Protocol, a twelve-point agreement that implemented a ceasefire. On September 10, Ukraine President Petro Poroshenko said most of the Russian forces had withdrawn from Ukrainian territory, and that this heightened the chances for a lasting cease-fire in the southeast. On 13 September, it was reported Russia had sent a convoy of aid into eastern Ukraine without inspection by Ukraine, claiming this convoy was part of the ceasefire agreement. NATO said Russian forces were still operating in Ukraine in unknown numbers, and the ceasefire was not working. NATO said Russian forces were repositioning to bring great pressure on Mariupol.
June, 2014 the first meeting of Norman format of negotiation on Ukrainian issue in France. The next meeting was on October, 2016 in Italy The third was in February 2015 in Belarus were the Minsk agreements were signed
Immediate and full bilateral ceasefire Withdrawal of all heavy weapons by both sides. To equal distances to create a buffer zone of: at least 50km (30 miles) separating both sides for artillery systems of 100mm calibre or more; 70km for multiple rocket systems and 140km for the heaviest rocket and missile systems such as Tornado, Uragan, Smerch and Tochka. Effective monitoring and verification regime for the ceasefire and withdrawal of heavy weapons.to be carried out by the OSCE from day one, using all necessary technology such as satellites and radar. From day one of the withdrawal begin a dialogue on the holding of local elections. Withdrawal of 'illegal militant groups' from Ukraine
The EU and US have ratcheted up sanctions several times, tightening restrictions on major Russian state banks and corporations. 1. They have blacklisted dozens of senior Russian officials, separatist commanders and Russian firms accused of undermining Ukrainian sovereignty. 2. The EU sanctions announced on 12 September targeted Russia's state finances, energy and arms sectors. These are sectors managed by the powerful elite around President Vladimir Putin. Russian state banks are now excluded from raising long-term loans in the EU, exports of dual-use equipment for military use in Russia are banned, future EU- Russia arms deals are banned and the EU will not export a wide range of oil industry technology. Three major state oil firms are targeted: Rosneft, Transneft and Gazprom Neft, the oil unit of gas giant Gazprom. But the gas industry, space technology and nuclear energy are excluded from sanctions.
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