Law 240 Criminal Law Fall Semester 2016 Instructor Room No. Office Hours Email Telephone Secretary/TA TA Office Hours Course URL (if any) Justice (R) Khalil ur Rehman Ramday ramday@lums.edu.pk Course Basics Credit Hours 4 Lecture(s) 2 Duration 110 minutes Recitation/Lab (per week) none Duration Tutorial (per week) none Duration Course Distribution Core Elective Open for Student Category Close for Student Category LAW COURSE DESCRIPTION This is a 4-unit core course that seeks to introduce students to the principles of Criminal Law. The course progresses from an analysis of basic concepts of criminal law to and simultaneously exploring of a selection of important criminal offenses under the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (the PPC ) and the Hudood Ordinances, 1979. COURSE PREREQUISITE(S) NONE COURSE OBJECTIVES Apart from providing a broad overview of the subject, the course is also designed to expose students to the nature of crime and punishment in modern societies, to make them think critically about the existing framework and scope of criminal law and justice system in Pakistan within a comparative framework. The aim of the course is to encourage students to think about viable alternatives to criminalization and criminal remedies, and to enable them to critically consider reform options. Learning Outcomes
Grading Breakup and Policy Assignment(s): Home Work: Quiz(s): 15% (unannounced) Class Participation: 20% Attendance: Midterm Examination: 30% Project: Final Examination: 35% Examination Detail Midterm Exam Yes/No: Combine Separate: Duration: Preferred Date: Exam Specifications: Final Exam Yes/No: yes Combine Separate: Duration: Exam Specifications: COURSE OVERVIEW Week/ Lecture/ Module Topics Recommended Readings Introduction to PPC s scheme of contents and arrangement Objectives/ Application Introduction to substantive criminal law in Pakistan Introduction, Nand Lal s Indian Penal Code; paragraphs 31-77 at pp. cxxiii to cliii (introduces to the various sections and important provisions of the code); Paragraphs 14-18 at pp. cxv to cxviii (discusses Mohammedan Law as applied in the time of Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir Introduction, N. D. Basu s Indian Penal Code, Footnote 1 page 2 Macaulay s Indian Penal Code: Historical Context and Originating Principles by Barry Wright: read at pp. 20-58 in Codification, Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code: The Legacies and Modern Challenges of Criminal Law Reform... / By Wing-Cheong Chan, Barry Wright, Stanley Yeo (Ashgate 2011)
Islamisation of criminal law in Pakistan Lahore University of Management Sciences PPC 338-F; Constitution: Articles 227, 203, Objectives Resolution Qualifications for Candidates: A Constitutional Puzzle by Asif Saeed Khan Khosa in Heeding the Constitution, at pp. 281-290; Islamisation of Law in Pakistan, Nasim Hasan Shah, PLD 1995 Journal pp. 37-53; Federation of Pakistan v. Gul Hasan Khan: PLD 1989 SC 633; (re Qisas and Diyat) Muhammad Ismail Qureshi versus Federation of Pakistan cited as P L D 1991 Federal Shariat Court 10; (re 295-C) Unholy Speech and Holy Laws: Blasphemy Laws in Pakistan Controversial Origins, Design Defects, and Free Speech Implications -- Siddique & Hayat, Minnesota Journal of Int l Law, Vol 17: 2 (2008) pp. 304-385; Read II (A) & (B) at pp. 312-322 for the context in which Islamisation of laws has taken place in Pakistan; Nature and functions of criminal law and Punishment The problem of defining crime; the function of criminal law and the theories of punishment; what conduct to be criminalised; Chap. 1 Michael J Allen: Textbook on Criminal Law, pp. 1-13 Contradiction, Critique and Criminal Law in Alan Norrie, Crime Reason and History: A Critical Introduction to Criminal Law at pp. 8-16; Reformatory concept of Punishment in the Administration of Justice, Justice (r) Rahmat Hussain Jafferi in Law in a World of Change: selected essays in memory of Justice Sabihuddin Ahmed (Pakistan Law House: 2012) pp. 249-257; The Penal Shari ah of Islam, Ghamdi, pp. 5-8 (major crimes in Shari ah); pp. 8-14 (punishments for major crimes in Shari ah); Islamic Punishments: Some Misconceptions at pp. 34-43 PPC Chap III (of Punishments); Section 302: punishment for qatl-i-amd 1991 SCMR 1622; 2012 YLR 847 (paragraphs 7-9); 1999 MLD 2215; Rajendra Prasad Etc. Etc vs State Of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1979 SC 916 Cases referred to in Michael J Allen s textbook
Further reading: Michael J Allen s Criminal Law: Defining Crime chap. 1, pp. 4-15; Crime and punishment, Michael J Allen, pp. 37-40 Mens Rea: Intention Mens Rea, Michael J Allen pp. 69-70 Intention, Michael J Allen pp. 70-77 Hyam v DPP [1975] AC 55 R v Moloney [1985] AC 905 House of Lords R v Hancock and Shankland [1986] A.C. 455, (1986) 1 AER 641 R v Nedrick (1986) 8 Cr. App. R. (S.) 179 R v Woollin [1999] AC 82 House of Lords PPC (Replaced Provisions) 299, 300, 304 1981 SCMR 663 1991 SCMR 2339 PPC 300 2002 YLR 234 Islamic Law and Mens Rea, Nyazee Mens Rea: Recklessness & Rashness Mens Rea: Negligence, Knowledge, Strict Liability, Motive, Ignorance, Transferred Malice, Coincidence Recklessness, Michael J Allen pp. 77-84 R v G and another [2003] UKHL 50 1984 PCrLJ 2599 1986 PCrLJ 330 PLD 2001 Lah 113 1992 MLD 262 PLD 1973 Khi 427 Negligence, Michael J Allen p. 85 PLD 1994 Lah 324 Negligence and Mens Rea, Nyazee PPC 321 2003 YLR 2126 Harrow LBC v Shah Motive not an Element of Offence, Michael J Allen pp. 95-96 PLD 1974 SC 87
of Actus Reus and Mens Rea Lahore University of Management Sciences 1984 SCMR 646 Ignorance of the law is no Defence, Michael J Allen pp. 97-99 Mistake of Law may Negate Mens Rea, Michael J Allen pp. 100-101 Transferred Malice, Michael J Allen pp. 90-92 PPC 301, 111 Kurien v State of Kerala Coincidence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea, Michael J Allen pp. 92-95 1965 AIR 722, 1965 SCR (1) 123 State of Maharashtra v. Mayer Hans George Actus Reus: Willed conduct Actus Reus, Michael J Allen pp. 46-65 including the following The Conduct must be willed at pp. 56-59; Automatism at pp. 59-62 A state of affairs as an actus reus at pp. 63-64 Voluntarily, PPC section 39 1989 PCrLJ 1445 PLD 1988 SC 186 English Cases R v Deller R v Taafe R v Dadson Ryan v R Bratty v AG for NI R v Quick and Paddison R v Hennessy R v Burgess Actus Reus: Willed Conduct & Automatism Actus Reus, Michael J Allen pp. 28-37 R v Deller..[R v Deller (1952) Cr App Rep 184] R v Taafe [1984] AC 539 R v Dadson (1850) 2 Den 35; 169 ER 407 The Conduct Must be Willed, Michael J Allen pp. 37-42 Bratty v AG for NI [1963] AC 386 R v Quick and Paddison [1973] QB 910 R v Hennessy [1989] 1 WLR 287. R v Burgess (1991) 2 WLR 1206 Automatism as a Defence in Criminal Law, Dr. Ch. M. Hanif PPC 39 1989 PCrLJ 1445 PLD 1988 SC 186
Actus Reus: Omissions Readings: Omissions, Michael J Allen pp. 65-81 People v Beardsley 150 Mich. 206, 113 N.W. 1128 (1907) R v Shama R v Firth R v Miller Thabo Meli v R R v Church R v Le Brun PPC sec 33,36; 37 sec 328, sec 32, 225-A, 154 PLD 1956 SC (Ind) 249 PLD 1963 Dacca 413 1980 PCrLJ 429 Actus Reus: Omissions Omissions, Michael J Allen pp. 60-68 People v Beardsley PLD 1956 SC (Ind) 249 PPC 32, 225-A, 154 R v Shama R v Firth2 PLD 1963 Dacca 413 1980 PCrLJ 429 PPC 328 Om Prakash v State of Punjab R v Stone and Dobinson R v Miller PPC 33, 36 Thabo Meli v R R v Church R v Le Brun AG s Ref (No. 4 of 1980) (1981) 2 AER 617 PPC 37 PLD 2003 Khi 618 Actus Reus: Causation Causation, Michael J Allen pp. 33-49 R v Dalloway (1847) 2 Cox 273 Empress Car v National Rivers Authority (1998) 2 WLR. 350
People v Acosta 22 Ill.232 Cal.App.3d 1375, 284 Cal.Rptr. 117 (Ct. App. 1991) People v Arzon 22 Ill.92 Misc. 2d 739, 401 N.Y.S.2d 156 (Sup. Ct. 1978) R v Smith (1959) 2 QB 35 R v Cheshire [1991] 1 WLR 844 PLD 1966 Dacca 491 PLD 1957 (W.P.) Lah 332 1981 SCMR 663 R v Blaue (1975) 61 Cr App R 271 Stephenson v State 22 Ill.205 Ind. 141 (1932) State of Affairs as Actus Reus, Michael J Allen pp. 63-65 Joint & Vicarious Liability: Common Intention Burden and standard of Proof PPC 34 1995 PCrLJ 755 1994 PCrLJ 1640 PLD 1991 SC 923 PLD 1996 SC 122 PLD 1972 Lah 19 "Burden and standard of Proof", Allen, Textbook on Criminal Law, pp. 13-14 Regina v Onufrejczyk [1955] 1 QB. 388: 1955 1 All ER 247 Woolmington v DPP [1935] AC 462 CarrBriant [1943] KB 607 Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v State of Maharashtra (1973) 2SCC 793 1980 SCMR 859 PLD 1982 SC 429 PLD 2002 SC 643 PLD 2003 SC 704
2012 P Cr. L J 816 section 304: proof of qatl-i-amd; article 3 and 17 Qanoon-i- Shahdat Order Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt, Kadish & Schulhofer pp. 35-38 Are the Guilty Really Guilty, Taki Ahmad Khan Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v State of Maharashtra (1973) 2SCC 793 1994 SCMR 1614 1993 SCMR 155 PLD 1956 SC (Pak) 417 1990 SCMR 1277 2003 PCrLJ 1790 2003 YLR 156 1999 MLD 514 Regina v Onufrejczyk 1998 MLD 1612 1980 SCMR 859 PLD 2003 SC 704 1999 YLR 533 Joint & Vicarious Liability: Common Object, Vicarious Liability Secondary Participation: Abetment, Aiding & Instigation PPC 141, 149 1971 PCrLJ 445 PLD 1968 SC 372 1987 SCMR 1015 Kartar Singh v State of Punjab Dhanna v State of MP PPC 11 Director of Rationing and Distribution v Corporation of Calcutta Nilabati Behera v State of Orissa R v P&O European Ferries Ltd. Tesco Supermarkets v Nattrass State of Maharashtra v Syndicate Transport Co. Ltd. Sham Sunder v State of Haryana 2001 PCrLJ 126 PPC 107-8, 110-12 1970 PCrLJ 776 PLD 1990 Lah 499 PLD 1972 Lah 37 1992 PCrLJ 58 PPC 114 PLD 1971 Lah 959 PLD 1966 Dacca 269 PPC 118-20
PPC 109, 115-17 Secondary Participation: Conspiracy Attempts & Impossibility PPC 107, 120-A, 120-B Ajay Aggarwal v Union of India PLD 1956 SC (Ind) 215 PLD 1957 SC (Ind) 68 PLD 1967 Lah 1190 1992 PCrLJ 9 PLD 1979 SC 53 PPC 511 R v Khan [1990] 2 All ER 783 State of Maharashtra v Mohd. Yakub PLJ 1982 FSC 123 --- (not available) find in the reading pack R v Shivpuri [1986] 2 All ER 334). http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/h_to_k/inchoate_offences/ General Defenses: Legal Duty, Prevention of Harm, Private Self-Defense Special Defenses: Insanity, Diminished Responsibility, Intoxication Offenses Affecting the Human Body: Qatl-i-Amd Offences Affecting the Human Body: Qisas & Diyat for Qatl-i-Amd Offences Affecting the Human Body: Other Types of Qatl IPC (Indian Penal Code) 299, 300, 302, 304 Jagriti Devi v State of H.P. PPC 299-302, 304 Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 17 2007 MLD 935 2002 YLR 234 1994 PCrLJ 2012 PLD 1996 SC 1 PPC 305-314 PLD 1994 SC 885 PLD 2004 Peshawar 126 1993 SCMR 1574 1992 PCrLJ 1960 PPC 315-317 2006 PCrLJ 662 (FSC) 2007 PCrLJ 440 PPC 318-320 1995 MLD 1775
PLD 2010 Karachi 134 PPC 321-322 1992 PCrLJ 1789 2011 PCrLJ 1623 Offences Affecting the Human Body: Attempted Qatl, Hurt, & Diyat PPC 323, 330-331 PPC 324 PPC 332-337, 337-A 337-I, 337-L 337-Z PPC 338-D, 338-E 2002 SCMR 923 2011 YLR 261 2005 YLR 1872 PLD 2008 Lahore 125 PPC Misc. Defenses: PPC 79 Mistake, Accident, Pappu v Damodaran Duress, Infancy, Orissa v Thappa Consent, De PPC 80 Minimus, Necessity Abdul Karim v The State Munir Ahmad v The State PPC 299, 82-83 PPC 94, 299(g)-(h), 303 PPC 87-90 PPC 95 Muhammad Anwar v The State General Offenses Against the Person PPC 349-352 (Force, Criminal Force & Assault) PPC 339, 341 (Wrongful Restraint) PPC 340, 342 (Wrongful Confinement) PPC 359-364 (Kidnapping & Abduction) 1999 PCrLJ 460 1998 PCrLJ 1784 PPC 22-25 (Definitions) General Offences Against Property PPC 378-379 (Theft) PPC 383-384 (Extortion) PPC 390, 392 (Robbery) PPC 391, 395 (Dacoity) 2009 PCrLJ 160 PLD 1963 (W.P.) Lahore 384 PPC 425-426, 430 (Mischief) 2008 YLR 2071 PPC 441-444, 447-448, 453, 456 (Criminal Trespass & Its Variations) PLD 1974 Karachi 369 PLD 1949 Lahore 421 Zina Ordinance & Protection of Women Act, 2006 (Statement of Objects
PPC Rape Lahore University of Management Sciences and Reasons) Offence of Zina Ordinance, 1979 1 5-A, 8-9, 17, 20-22 PPC 375-376 (Rape), 496-B, 496-C (Fornication) PLD 1959 (W.P.) Lahore 38 1992 SCMR 1273 1997 PCrLJ 1666 (FSC) S. 375-376 PPC PLD 1959 (W.P.) Lahore 38 1992 SCMR 1273 1997 PCrLJ 1666 (FSC) 1992 P.C.L.J 42 1990 MLD 138 1990 MLD 1389 1989 MLD 464 AIR 1958 Punj. 133 1990 Cr.L.J. 650 at 652 (Cal) AIR 1934 Lah 797 (1931) 3 State Trials 401 (HL) (1974) Cr.L.J. 1098 (Goa) (Menezes J.C) Unnatural Offences Section 377 Catherine A. Mackinnon, Rape: On Coercion and Consent, Towards a Feminist Theory of State (1989) Raghul Sudheesh, CONSENT IN RAPE at http://www.answeringlaw.com/php/displaycontent.php?linkid=6 83 Human Rights Watch, Dignity on Trial Morrison Torrey, Feminist Legal Scholarship on Rape Priyanka Rath, Marital Rape and the Indian legal scenario At http://www.indialawjournal.com/volume2/issue_2/article_by_pri yanka.html; Zaid al Basit, Section 377: and the Myth of Hetrosexuality Case: Naz Foundation vs Govt of Delhi Ratna Kapur, Regulating perversion Human Rights Watch, This Alien Legacy Offences religion against P L D 1991 FSC 10 --Muhammad Isamil Qureshi vs the Federation (1995) P.Cr.L.J. 811 (Lahore) Salamat Masih v. State 2008 YLR 274 2001 YLR 484 2003 PCR LJ 1458 2008 YLR 1386
2008 MLD 1135 2008 YLR 2798 2009 PCr LJ 1108 2009 MLD 616 [Lahore] PLD 2009 Quetta 1 PLD 2007 Peshawar 83 2007 MLD 1040 [Lahore] 2007 PCrLJ 342 [Lahore] 2007 YLR 336 [Lahore] 2007 YLR 2276 [Lahore] Textbook(s)/Supplementary Readings Asad Jamal, A, B, and C of the law, available at http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jan2011-weekly/nos-09-01- 2011/spr.htm#5 O. Siddique & Z. Hayat, Unholy Speech and Holy Laws: Blasphemy Laws in Pakistan-Controversial Origins, Design Defects, and Free Speech Implications 17 MINN J. INT L L. 303 (2008) Naeem Shakir, The Impact of Shari ah Laws on Minorities in Pakistan, PAK. CHRISTIAN POST, available at http://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/ Asad Jamal, The Law of Diminishing Utility, at http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/dawn-herald-exclusive-lawdiminishing-utility/p24129; Asad Jamal, Some called for changes in blasphemy laws, at http://jang.com.pk/thenews/dec2010-weekly/nos-12-12-2010/dia.htm#4 ; Mohammad Ismail Qureshi, Qanoon, Muqadamat aur nazair, in Namoos-i-Rasool (SAS) aur Qanoon-i- Tauhin-i-Risalat, pp. 331-337 Samia Raheel Qazi, Qanoon-i-Tauheen-i-Risalat kia hai aur kiun zaroori hai, at http://www.urducolumns.com/2010/11/samia-raheel-qazi-column-about-toheen-e.html