1 2 3 4 5 A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789 1800 Washington s America What were the distinguishing features of the early republic s four major regions? Forging a New Government What challenges faced the Congress that assembled in New York between 1789 and 1791? The Emergence of Parties What forces shaped the development of party politics in America? A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789 1800 The Last Federalist Administration How did crises at home and abroad shape the administration of John Adams and help the Republicans win the election of 1800? The First Presidency Regional Diversity in the New Republic Government Based on a Constitution The Development of Political Parties Washington s America The Uniformity of New England The Pluralism of the Mid-Atlantic Region The Slave South and Its Backcountry The Growing West 6 7 The Uniformity of New England Not suitable for cash crops Family labor system Puritan traditions remained strong Moral code 1
Moral code More supportive of strong government 8 The Pluralism of the Mid-Atlantic Region Greater freedom of worship led to greater diversity Pietists More economic diversity Slavery more common than in New England Emancipation from 1780s 9 10 11 12 The Slave South and Its Backcountry Climate good for cash staples for export Became tied to slavery About 40 percent of southerners were slaves Planter class emerged The Growing West Treaty of Paris opened up the West Conflicts with Native Americans Kentucky settled by squatters West developed a separate culture 13 14 15 16 Explore the Northwest Territory on MyHistoryLab Forging a New Government Mr. President and the Bill of Rights Departments and Courts Revenue and Trade Hamilton and the Public Credit Reaction and Opposition Mr. President and the Bill of Rights Title for chief executive? Mr. President 2
Mr. President Bill of Rights James Madison submitted ten Incorporated into Constitution 1791 North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified last 17 18 Departments and Courts State, Treasury, and War departments created under Constitution Courts Constitution called for a supreme court Judiciary Act of 1789 district courts Revenue and Trade Revenue was badly needed Tariff Act of 1789 Duties from 5 to 50 percent Caused sectional divisions 19 20 Hamilton and the Public Credit Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury Issued reports First Report on Public Credit Advised funding the full face value of the debt Second Report on Public Credit Called for excise tax on whiskey Report on a National Bank Recommended a Bank of the United States 21 22 Reaction and Opposition Opposition to funding the debt Some states had already repaid their debt Speculators would profit Compromise 3
Compromise Assumption of the debt Capital to be moved to Philadelphia, then on the Potomac Compromise passed but narrowly, and voting followed sectional lines 23 24 The Emergence of Parties The French Revolution Securing the Frontier The Whiskey Rebellion Treaties with Britain and Spain The First Partisan Election The Emergence of Parties Parties emerged, divided on: Hamilton s program French Revolution Power and extent of federal government Federalists Supported strong federal government and Hamilton s economic program Republicans Supported limits on national government Emphasis on farm economy 25 26 27 The French Revolution Support for French Revolution divided Americans Edmond Genêt Arrived for negotiations Further antagonized supporters of neutrality Democratic-Republican societies Supporters of France Urban artisans Securing the Frontier Indian resistance grew 4
Indian resistance grew Western settlers Demanded stronger policy against Native Americans Wanted Mississippi opened for trade Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794 Indian defeat Treaty of Greenvile 28 29 30 The Whiskey Rebellion Resistance to whiskey excise tax Made whiskey unprofitable Whiskey Rebellion 1794 State militias used Show of federal strength Treaties with Britain and Spain French Revolutionary War Britain blockade of French Caribbean colonies Attacks on American shipping John Jay sent to London Jay s Treaty Compromise Treaty of San Lorenzo 31st parallel accepted for border with Florida Free passage through New Orleans The First Partisan Election Partisanship increased Newspapers grew Parades, banquets, broadsides Women took part in spreading political messages Election of 1796 Sectional divisions Jefferson elected with strong southern support 31 32 The Last Federalist Administration 5
The French Crisis and the XYZ Affair Crisis at Home The End of the Federalists 33 The French Crisis and the XYZ Affair The Directory came to power in France Denounced Jay Treaty Adams sent negotiators XYZ Affair Quasi-War 34 35 36 Crisis at Home Hamilton and the High Federalists Federalists passed Alien and Sedition Acts Against Republican opposition Kentucky and Virginia legislatures issued statements of states rights Doctrine of nullification Part of states -rights ideology The End of the Federalists Adams diffused tensions Avoided war with France Franco-American Accord of 1800 calmed international tension Election of 1800 Deism attacked as atheism Thomas Jefferson elected for Republican Party 37 38 Conclusion Federalists led many transformations in this period, but partisanship grew. The election of 1800 marked the first time in modern political history that a party in power peacefully turned over the government to its opposition. 6
history that a party in power peacefully turned over the government to its opposition. 7