CONTENTS. I: Introduction. II: Survey design. III: Details of survey team IV: ANNEXURES

CONTENTS I: Introduction Table-1: The Background of the Assembly Election Table-2: Election Result Table-3: Survey Frame Table-4: Sample Profile: Census of India vs. Survey II: Survey design Selection of assembly constituency Selection of Polling Stations Selection of respondent Table-5: Questionnaire Design Table-6: Details of Training Workshop of Investigator Table-7: Data Collecting and Processing Details III: Details of survey team IV: ANNEXURES Annexure-1: Details of Survey Profile Annexure-2: Marginal of All the Questions Annexure-3: Vote Share by voters wrt gender, age, education, locality, religion and caste Annexure-4: Questionnaire Annexure-5: Code Book

I: INTRODUCTION The Mizoram state assembly elections were held in the 2 nd December 2008. The elections were conducted for 40 seats. The findings of CSDS survey reported here are based on a post-poll survey conducted in10 out of 40 assembly constituencies in Mizoram. The aim of the present post poll was to understand a disposition of the electorates which laid them to cast vote to particular party. Apart from that, it also helps to find and analyze the gap in electorates opinion after pre poll survey which usually provides a vague picture of the electorates frame of mind. Besides this, due to large sample size and wide coverage, it was decided to collect information on aspects linked with governance like development, socio-cultural, religious, and economic aspects, health, performance of the government and expectation from the next government. Table -1: Background of the Assembly election in Mizoram, 2008 Number of Assembly Constituencies(AC) 40 Number of seats for General Category 1 Number of seats reserved for Scheduled Caste -- Number of seats reserved for Scheduled Tribe 39 Number of Voters 611584 Voter turn out (%) 82 Source: Indian election statistics are available at the Election Commission of India s website: www.eci.gov.in. Table-2: Election Results Party Seats Contested Seats won Votes Share (percent) Indian National Conference (INC) 40 32 39 Mizo National Front (MNF) 39 3 31 Zoram Nationalist Party (ZNP) 17 2 10 Mizoram People s Conference 16 2 (MZPC) Maraland Democratic Front 1 1 10 Others * 93 0 10 SourceIndian election statistics are available at the Election Commission of India s website: www.eci.gov.in. * Other party includes Janta Dal (United), Samajwadi Party, Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (CPI (M)), Bahujan Samja Party(BSP), JNP, KRRS, KNDP, KCVP, USYP, Janta Dal United, Independent and Other. Table-3: Survey Frame Number of assembly constituencies surveyed 10 Number of polling station survey 39 Number of Respondents 668 Type of Survey Post poll Survey

Table-4: Sample Profile: Census of India vs. Survey Variables Mizoram* (percent) Survey (percent) Rural 50 36 Urban 50 64 Women 48 46 Scheduled Caste 0.03 2 Scheduled Tribe 95 95 Hindu 4 2 Christian 87 91 Buddhist 8 5 Other** 1 2 *Census 2001, Mizoram ** Muslims, Jains and Sikhs

II: SURVEY DESIGN Selection of Assembly Constituency (AC): For the post poll survey, it was decided to cover almost one-fourth of the total assembly constituencies, that is, 10 assembly constituencies. Assembly constituencies were selected randomly using the probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. PPS method assures the same probability of larger as well as smaller sites. Probability Proportionate To Size (PPS) A list of all assembly constituencies were arranged in ascending order along with total number of electorates per assembly constituency then cumulative population of electorates was calculated. It was decided to conduct a survey in 10 assembly constituencies in the state out of the 40ACs. Thus, to arrive at sampling interval (SI) (or sampling constant), total population of electorates divided by10 (suppose total electorates of the state was 10, 00000, divided by 10 sampling interval becomes 100000). After that, a number less than calculated sampling interval is selected randomly i.e. between one and SI, in the column of cumulative population of electorates (suppose, randomly selected number was 10,000). This number is Random Start (RS). Random start is the first Assembly constituency. Calculate the following series: RS; RS+SI, RS+2SI; RS+3SI, and these numbers of calculated series were matched in the column cumulative population of electorates and thus, lead to random selection of the ACs. Selection of Polling Stations (PS): It was predefined to interview respondent from randomly selected four polling stations of each assembly constituency. In order to select the polling station from each AC, a comprehensive list of PS in each AC was prepared and the total number of polling stations were divided by four (a pre determined number from each AC) to arrive at the sampling constant or sampling interval. First Polling station was selected randomly which ought to be less than sampling constant thereafter, sampling constant was added to the randomly selected PS to arrive at the second PS. This process was repeated for the selection of next polling stations in an assembly constituency. It is how; different polling stations were selected in each assembly constituency. Selection of respondent: Thirty respondents were randomly selected from the voter list of each polling station. The reason for sample size was to circumvent clustering and it also has logistic and methodological concerns. For this, a list of voters at each polling station was obtained and the total number of voters (at each PS) was divided by thirty to arrive at sampling

constant 1.Sampling constant was added to the first respondent number to get next respondent and so on till selection of 30 respondent has completed. For the present household survey a structured interview schedule was used and fieldworkers were cautiously selected. Only those who have acquaintance with the region were selected and given training thereafter as it facilitate in improving interviewer performance and subsequently, of the whole survey. Table-5: Questionnaire Design 1. Language Designed English 2. Language Translated Mizo 3. Language Administered Mizo 4. Number of Variables 100 5. Themes Respondent s Background Comparison on performance of previous and present government Performance of the MLAs Public opinion about the politics in the state. Religious belief Table-6 Details of Training Workshop of Investigator: 1. Date 30 th November- 1 st December,2008 2. Venue Department of Political Science, Mizoram University 3. Number of Investigator 20 4. Resource person(s) Dr. Lallian Chhunga, Political Science, Mizoram University Table-7: Data Collection and Processing Details 1. Date of Field work 3-7, December, 2008 2. Date of Data checking 8 December, 2008 3. Venue of Checking Centre for Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) 4. Date of Data Entry 9 December, 2008 5. Venue of Data Entry Centre for Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) 1 If there are 3000 respondents of a polling station, divide 3000 by 30 that will be equal to 100. Thus 100 is the sampling constant for sampling respondents for the survey. The first respondent should be less than 100 drawn from random number table. Thus, if 89 th voter is the first respondent selected then keep on adding 100, that is 89+100=189(second respondent), 189+100=289(third respondent) and so on till select 30 respondent

III: DETAILS OF SURVEY TEAM III. Details of Survey Team Sanjay Kumar of Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi directed the survey. The fieldwork for the survey was coordinated by Lallian Chhunga Lecturer, Political Science, and Mizoram University. The central team which designed, coordinated and analyzed the survey comprised, Yogendra Yadav, Praveen Rai, Dhananjai Joshi K.A.Q.A Hilal, Himanshu Bhattacharya, Kamchan Malhotra.

I: ANNEXURE-1 DETAILS OF SURVEY PROFILE Assembly Constituency Ac. No PS No No. of respondent Mamit 3 5 16 10 18 15 18 20 19 71 Chalfilh 8 3 18 8 18 16 18 24 18 72 Aizawl North-II 11 4 14 8 18 12 13 16 15 60 Aizawl West-I 15 1 18 6 18 12 18 18 18 72 Aizawl South-II 19 4 18 8 18 12 19 16 20 75 Champhai North 23 7 18 14 35 21 18 71 Tuikum 27 6 18 12 19 18 18 24 18 73 Lunglei West 32 4 12 8 18 12 18 16 19 67 Tuichawng 36 1 8 24 12 36 11 48 10 41 Saiha 39 1 12 9 18

Source: CSDS Data Unit 10 18 18 18 66

II. ANNEXURE-2 MARGINAL OF ALL QUESTIONS Q1: While taking to people about the just concluded assembly elections, we find that some people were not able to vote. How about you, Were you able to vote or not? 1: Not able to vote 2: Able to vote Cumulativ 59 8.8 8.8 8.8 609 91.2 91.2 100.0 Q1a: (If voted) whom did you vote for? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 172 25.7 25.7 25.7 2.3.3 26.0 184 27.5 27.5 53.6 80 12.0 12.0 65.6 60 9.0 9.0 74.6 13 1.9 1.9 76.5 14 2.1 2.1 78.6 29 4.3 4.3 82.9 55 8.2 8.2 91.2 59 8.8 8.8 100.0 Q1b: (If voted) When did you finally make up your mind about who to vote for? 1: On the day of polling 2: A day or two before polling 3: During the campaign 4: After the campaign started 5: Before the campaign started 8: Can't say 9: NA Cumulativ 46 6.9 6.9 6.9 32 4.8 4.8 11.7 99 14.8 14.8 26.5 82 12.3 12.3 38.8 318 47.6 47.6 86.4 32 4.8 4.8 91.2 59 8.8 8.8 100.0

Q1c: (If voted) Did the election officer correctly put the mark on your finger? 1: Mark not found 2: Mark found 8: Could not check the mark 9: NA Cumulativ 16 2.4 2.4 2.4 544 81.4 81.4 83.8 49 7.3 7.3 91.2 59 8.8 8.8 100.0 Q1d: (If voted) At the time of voting did the electoral officer ask any proof of your identity? 1: No 2: Yes 9: NA Cumulativ 26 3.9 3.9 3.9 583 87.3 87.3 91.2 59 8.8 8.8 100.0 Q1e: (If yes in Q1d) What did you show for your proof? 1: Voters I card 2: Ration Card 5: Passport 6: Others 9: NA Cumulativ 568 85.0 85.0 85.0 11 1.6 1.6 86.7 3.4.4 87.1 1.1.1 87.3 85 12.7 12.7 100.0 Q1f: (If voted) Would you say that the candidate you voted for was from the party you really wanted to vote, or would you say you voted for a party other than your first choice? 1: Voted for party first choice 2: Voted for party other than first choice 8: Can't say/no opinion 9: N.A. Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent 503 75.3 75.3 75.3 62 9.3 9.3 84.6 44 6.6 6.6 91.2 59 8.8 8.8 100.0

Q1g: (If voted for party other than first choice) Which then was the party you would have voted for? 01: Congress (INC) 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 9 1.3 1.3 1.3 5.7.7 2.1 4.6.6 2.7 3.4.4 3.1 3.4.4 3.6 38 5.7 5.7 9.3 606 90.7 90.7 100.0 Q1h: (If voted fpr party other than 1st choice) Some say that Party did'nt put a candidate in their constituency, Some say Party's candidate not of their liking and others say Did not vote for candidate as she/he would not win.which one applies for you? 1: Party did'nt put a candidate in their constituency 2: Party's candidate not of their liking 3: Did not vote for candidate as she/he would not win 8: Can't say/dk Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent 6.9.9.9 19 2.8 2.8 3.7 15 2.2 2.2 6.0 628 94.0 94.0 100.0

Q1i: (If not Voted) What was the main reason due to which you could not vote in this election? 1: Out of station 2: Not well 3: Did not know I was a voter 4: No interest/did not feel like voting 5: Returned, for lack of identity proof 6: Somebody had already voted before I went to vote 7: did not vote out of fear 8: DK 9: NA Cumulativ 10 1.5 1.5 1.5 13 1.9 1.9 3.4 3.4.4 3.9 6.9.9 4.8 1.1.1 4.9 1.1.1 5.1 3.4.4 5.5 22 3.3 3.3 8.8 609 91.2 91.2 100.0 Q2: Who would you prefer as the Chief Minister of Mizoram? 01: Pu Zoramthanga 02: La Thanhwala 03: Lalduhoma 04: Brig T Sailo 97: Others 98: Can't say/don't know 99: Refused to answer/blank Cumulativ 65 9.7 9.7 9.7 171 25.6 25.6 35.3 123 18.4 18.4 53.7 109 16.3 16.3 70.1 148 22.2 22.2 92.2 4.6.6 92.8 48 7.2 7.2 100.0 Q3: Now I will ask you about the last Assembly Elections held in 2003? Were you able to cast your vote or not? 1: No 2: Yes 8: Don't remember 9: Not a voter then Cumulativ 161 24.1 24.1 24.1 477 71.4 71.4 95.5 8 1.2 1.2 96.7 22 3.3 3.3 100.0

Q3a: (If yes) Whom did you vote for in the Assembly Elections held in 2003? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 86: ZNP 87: ZKP 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 139 20.8 20.8 20.8 4.6.6 21.4 189 28.3 28.3 49.7 25 3.7 3.7 53.4 37 5.5 5.5 59.0 6.9.9 59.9 9 1.3 1.3 61.2 2.3.3 61.5 1.1.1 61.7 2.3.3 62.0 62 9.3 9.3 71.3 1.1.1 71.4 191 28.6 28.6 100.0 Q4: In deciding whom to vote, were you guided by any one? No Yes No opinion Cumulativ 465 69.6 69.6 69.6 64 9.6 9.6 79.2 139 20.8 20.8 100.0 Q4a: (If yes) Whose advice did you value most? 1: Husband/Wife 2: Other family members 3: Members of caste-community 4: Religious leader 5: Friend/Neighbour 6: Colleague 8: No opinion 9: NA Cumulativ 9 1.3 1.3 1.3 26 3.9 3.9 5.2 5.7.7 6.0 10 1.5 1.5 7.5 4.6.6 8.1 3.4.4 8.5 7 1.0 1.0 9.6 604 90.4 90.4 100.0

Q5: Is your family attach with any political party? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 490 73.4 73.4 73.4 178 26.6 26.6 100.0 Q5a: (If yes) Which party? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 86: ZNP 96: Independent 97: Others 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 59 8.8 8.8 8.8 2.3.3 9.1 60 9.0 9.0 18.1 13 1.9 1.9 20.1 11 1.6 1.6 21.7 5.7.7 22.5 9 1.3 1.3 23.8 1.1.1 24.0 1.1.1 24.1 17 2.5 2.5 26.6 490 73.4 73.4 100.0 Q6: Now let us talk about the election campaign during this election. How much interested were you in the election campaign this time-a great deal, somewhat or not at all? 1: Not at all 2: Somewhat 3: Great deal 8: Can't say/d.k Cumulativ 283 42.4 42.4 42.4 267 40.0 40.0 82.3 52 7.8 7.8 90.1 66 9.9 9.9 100.0 Q7(a): Did you attend election meetings? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 516 77.2 77.2 77.2 152 22.8 22.8 100.0

Q7(b): Did you participate in processions/rallies? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 620 92.8 92.8 92.8 48 7.2 7.2 100.0 Q7(c): Did you participate in door-to-door canvassing? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 618 92.5 92.5 92.5 50 7.5 7.5 100.0 Q7(d): Did you contribute or collect money? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 645 96.6 96.6 96.6 23 3.4 3.4 100.0 Q7(e): Did you distribute election leaflets 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 637 95.4 95.4 95.4 31 4.6 4.6 100.0 Q8: During the election campaign was any candidate, party worker or party campaigner come to your house to ask for vote? 1: No 2: Yes 8: Don't remember Cumulativ 286 42.8 42.8 42.8 366 54.8 54.8 97.6 16 2.4 2.4 100.0

Q9a: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-party or candidate? 1: Party 2: Candidate 8: Can't say Cumulativ 263 39.4 39.4 39.4 365 54.6 54.6 94.0 40 6.0 6.0 100.0 Q9b: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-party or leader? 1: Party 2: Leader 8: Can't say Cumulativ 283 42.4 42.4 42.4 338 50.6 50.6 93.0 47 7.0 7.0 100.0 Q9c: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-work done by State govt. or Central Govt.? 1: State government 2: Central Government 8: Can't say Cumulativ 431 64.5 64.5 64.5 138 20.7 20.7 85.2 99 14.8 14.8 100.0 Q9d: People have different considerations while deciding whom to vote for. What mattered to you more while deciding whom to vote for in the recent election-caste-community or Other issues? 1: Caste 2: Other 8: Can't say Cumulativ 480 71.9 71.9 71.9 89 13.3 13.3 85.2 99 14.8 14.8 100.0

Q10: What is your assessment of the work done by the MNF govt. in Mizoram during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ 84 12.6 12.6 12.6 281 42.1 42.1 54.6 166 24.9 24.9 79.5 71 10.6 10.6 90.1 66 9.9 9.9 100.0 Q11: What is your assessment of the work done by the UPA govt. led by Congress in Centre during its 4 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ 155 23.2 23.2 23.2 283 42.4 42.4 65.6 49 7.3 7.3 72.9 18 2.7 2.7 75.6 163 24.4 24.4 100.0 Q12: What is your assessment of the work done by the MLA of your constituency during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ 83 12.4 12.4 12.4 265 39.7 39.7 52.1 128 19.2 19.2 71.3 98 14.7 14.7 85.9 94 14.1 14.1 100.0 Q13a: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule Development of Mizoram has improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ 400 59.9 59.9 59.9 204 30.5 30.5 90.4 39 5.8 5.8 96.3 25 3.7 3.7 100.0

Q13b: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule Supply of electricity has improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ 212 31.7 31.7 31.7 349 52.2 52.2 84.0 83 12.4 12.4 96.4 24 3.6 3.6 100.0 Q13c: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the condition of roads have improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ 275 41.2 41.2 41.2 239 35.8 35.8 76.9 123 18.4 18.4 95.4 31 4.6 4.6 100.0 Q13d: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of BJP government rule the Peace among common people have improved, deteriorated or remained same? 1: Improved 2: Remained same 3: Deteriorated 8: No opinion Cumulativ 131 19.6 19.6 19.6 319 47.8 47.8 67.4 129 19.3 19.3 86.7 89 13.3 13.3 100.0 Q14a: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the price rise has increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ 610 91.3 91.3 91.3 44 6.6 6.6 97.9 6.9.9 98.8 8 1.2 1.2 100.0

Q14b: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the corruption has increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ 477 71.4 71.4 71.4 143 21.4 21.4 92.8 15 2.2 2.2 95.1 33 4.9 4.9 100.0 Q14c: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the employment opportunities have increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ 161 24.1 24.1 24.1 292 43.7 43.7 67.8 134 20.1 20.1 87.9 81 12.1 12.1 100.0 Q14d: Now I am going to read out few statements. Please tell me after 5 years of MNF government rule the security of common people have increased, decreased or remained same? 1: Increased 2: Remained same 3: Decreased 8: No opinion Cumulativ 98 14.7 14.7 14.7 360 53.9 53.9 68.6 109 16.3 16.3 84.9 101 15.1 15.1 100.0 Q15: What is your assessment of the work done by the chief minister Zoramthanga during its last 5 years rule-would you say you were satisfied or dissatisfied with it? 1: Fully satisfied 2: Somewhat satisfied 3: Somewhat dissatisfied 4: Fully dissatisfied 8: Can't say/d.k. Cumulativ 77 11.5 11.5 11.5 254 38.0 38.0 49.6 177 26.5 26.5 76.0 90 13.5 13.5 89.5 70 10.5 10.5 100.0

Q16: Hve you heard about the Mizo Accord of 1987? 1: No 2: Yes Cumulativ 418 62.6 62.6 62.6 250 37.4 37.4 100.0 Q17: (If yes) Do you think it was wise decision, a mistake or a sellout? 1: Wise decision 2: Mistake 3: Sellout 8: No opinion 9: N.A. Cumulativ 92 13.8 13.8 13.8 64 9.6 9.6 23.4 7 1.0 1.0 24.4 87 13.0 13.0 37.4 418 62.6 62.6 100.0 Q18a: The government of Mizoram should pursuade the Brus to leave the refugee camps of Tripura and return to Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ 51 7.6 7.6 7.6 139 20.8 20.8 28.4 239 35.8 35.8 64.2 120 18.0 18.0 82.2 119 17.8 17.8 100.0 Q18b: There should be a law banning the settiling of people from outside in Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ 223 33.4 33.4 33.4 159 23.8 23.8 57.2 89 13.3 13.3 70.5 115 17.2 17.2 87.7 82 12.3 12.3 100.0

Q18c: Regional parities are much better than national parties for solving the problems of Mizoram. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ 103 15.4 15.4 15.4 181 27.1 27.1 42.5 59 8.8 8.8 51.3 120 18.0 18.0 69.3 205 30.7 30.7 100.0 Q18d: The church should not play a role in the political affairs of the state. Do you agree or disagree with this statement...? 1: Fully agree 2: Somewhat agree 3: Fully disagree 4: Somewhat disagree 8: No opinion Cumulativ 105 15.7 15.7 15.7 118 17.7 17.7 33.4 160 24.0 24.0 57.3 174 26.0 26.0 83.4 111 16.6 16.6 100.0 Q19: Whom did you vote for Lok Sabha Election 2004? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 89 13.3 13.3 13.3 2.3.3 13.6 160 24.0 24.0 37.6 7 1.0 1.0 38.6 13 1.9 1.9 40.6 4.6.6 41.2 2.3.3 41.5 17 2.5 2.5 44.0 16 2.4 2.4 46.4 358 53.6 53.6 100.0

Q20: Some people say that the inner line permit for Non-Mizos should remain to protect the ethinic identity of the Mizos, while others say that itshould be lifted. What is your opinion? 1: Should remain 2: Should be lifted 8: D.K. Cumulativ 509 76.2 76.2 76.2 87 13.0 13.0 89.2 72 10.8 10.8 100.0 Q22a: How often do you pray (puja,namaz)? 1: Never 2: Only festivals 3: Once in a week 4: Daily Cumulativ 39 5.8 5.8 5.8 31 4.6 4.6 10.5 128 19.2 19.2 29.6 470 70.4 70.4 100.0 Q22b: How often do you visiting temple,mosque etc.? 1: Never 2: Only festivals 3: Once in a week 4: Daily Cumulativ 39 5.8 5.8 5.8 42 6.3 6.3 12.1 361 54.0 54.0 66.2 226 33.8 33.8 100.0 Q23a: How often do you particapte in kathas, sangats etc... 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ 36 5.4 5.4 5.4 45 6.7 6.7 12.1 326 48.8 48.8 60.9 261 39.1 39.1 100.0

Q23b: How often do you give donations for religious activities 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ 46 6.9 6.9 6.9 72 10.8 10.8 17.7 207 31.0 31.0 48.7 343 51.3 51.3 100.0 Q23c: How often do you keep fasts, rozas etc.. 1: Never 2: Once in a while 3: Occassionally 4: Regularly Cumulativ 323 48.4 48.4 48.4 146 21.9 21.9 70.2 103 15.4 15.4 85.6 96 14.4 14.4 100.0 Q24: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you read newspaper-daily, 5-6 times in a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ 251 37.6 37.6 37.6 130 19.5 19.5 57.0 170 25.4 25.4 82.5 64 9.6 9.6 92.1 41 6.1 6.1 98.2 12 1.8 1.8 100.0 Q25: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you listen to news on radio-more than once a day, once a day, 5-6 times a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ 105 15.7 15.7 15.7 90 13.5 13.5 29.2 113 16.9 16.9 46.1 60 9.0 9.0 55.1 272 40.7 40.7 95.8 28 4.2 4.2 100.0

Q26: In an ordinary week, how regularly do you watch news on TV-more than once a day, once a day, 5-6 times a week, 2-4 times a week, once or twice or never? 1: Daily 2: 5-6 times in a week 3: 2-4 times in a week 4: 1-2 days 5: Never 8: Can't say Cumulativ 372 55.7 55.7 55.7 116 17.4 17.4 73.1 85 12.7 12.7 85.8 54 8.1 8.1 93.9 24 3.6 3.6 97.5 17 2.5 2.5 100.0 Q27: If the Lok Sabha/MP election will be held tomorrow, whom will you vote for? 01: Congress (INC) 02: BJP 79: MNF 80: ZNP 81: MZPC 82: HPC 83: MDF 84: MPC 96: Independent 97: Others 98: Don't know 99: Blank/Refused Cumulativ 104 15.6 15.6 15.6 2.3.3 15.9 112 16.8 16.8 32.6 23 3.4 3.4 36.1 28 4.2 4.2 40.3 1.1.1 40.4 1.1.1 40.6 3.4.4 41.0 1.1.1 41.2 19 2.8 2.8 44.0 45 6.7 6.7 50.7 329 49.3 49.3 100.0 Q28: Do you think that the present MNF government in the state should be given another chance? No Yes No opinion Cumulativ 391 58.5 58.5 58.5 175 26.2 26.2 84.7 102 15.3 15.3 100.0

B1: Do you have voter identity card? 1: Yes I have 2: Photographed but did not get it 3: Have, but it has mistake 4: Do not have Had but lost it 9: No information Cumulativ 636 95.2 95.2 95.2 11 1.6 1.6 96.9 3.4.4 97.3 5.7.7 98.1 9 1.3 1.3 99.4 4.6.6 100.0 1: No 2: Yes B2: Do you have Ration card? Cumulativ 49 7.3 7.3 7.3 619 92.7 92.7 100.0 B2a: (If yes) Which Ration card do you have? 1: A.P.L. (Black card) 2: B.P.L.(Red/Pink card) 3: Antodaya 4: White card 9: NA Cumulativ 215 32.2 32.2 32.2 187 28.0 28.0 60.2 47 7.0 7.0 67.2 36 5.4 5.4 72.6 183 27.4 27.4 100.0 B3: Age Upto 25 yrs 26 to 35 yrs 36 to 45 yrs 46 to 55 yrs Above 55 yrs System Cumulativ 161 24.1 27.0 27.0 151 22.6 25.3 52.3 111 16.6 18.6 70.9 75 11.2 12.6 83.4 99 14.8 16.6 100.0 597 89.4 100.0 71 10.6 668 100.0

1: Male 2: Female B4: Gender Cumulativ 358 53.6 53.6 53.6 310 46.4 46.4 100.0 B5: What is your marital status? 1: Married 2: Unmarried 3: Living with someone, but unmarried 4: Divorced/Separated 5: Widowed 9: NA Cumulativ 413 61.8 61.8 61.8 181 27.1 27.1 88.9 5.7.7 89.7 30 4.5 4.5 94.2 28 4.2 4.2 98.4 11 1.6 1.6 100.0 B6: Label of Education (Respondent) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ 29 4.3 4.3 4.3 56 8.4 8.4 12.7 54 8.1 8.1 20.8 205 30.7 30.7 51.5 118 17.7 17.7 69.2 89 13.3 13.3 82.5 73 10.9 10.9 93.4 11 1.6 1.6 95.1 5.7.7 95.8 28 4.2 4.2 100.0

B6a: Label of Education (Father) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ 171 25.6 25.6 25.6 128 19.2 19.2 44.8 97 14.5 14.5 59.3 113 16.9 16.9 76.2 29 4.3 4.3 80.5 11 1.6 1.6 82.2 14 2.1 2.1 84.3 2.3.3 84.6 2.3.3 84.9 101 15.1 15.1 100.0 B6a: Label of Education (Mother) 0: Non literate 1: Below Primary 2: Primary pass/middle fail 3: Middle pass/matric fail 4: Matric 5: College no-degree 6: Graduate 7: Post Graduate 8: Professional degrees 9: NA Cumulativ 144 21.6 21.6 21.6 107 16.0 16.0 37.6 125 18.7 18.7 56.3 95 14.2 14.2 70.5 59 8.8 8.8 79.3 11 1.6 1.6 81.0 15 2.2 2.2 83.2 4.6.6 83.8 2.3.3 84.1 106 15.9 15.9 100.0 B7: Occupation(Respondent) Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative Percent 02: Engineers 1.1.1.1 03: Doctors 8 1.2 1.2 1.3 04: Lawyers 11 1.6 1.6 3.0 05: Accountants(with 2.3.3 3.3 degree and working in good firm) 06: College/University 9 1.3 1.3 4.6 teachers 07: Writers 2.3.3 4.9 08: Modern Artist 1.1.1 5.1 09: Other higher professional 15 2.2 2.2 7.3

10: Science and 3.4.4 7.8 engineering technician 13: Medical Technician 1.1.1 7.9 14: School teachers 34 5.1 5.1 13.0 15: Nursery teachers 3.4.4 13.5 19: Other lower 39 5.8 5.8 19.3 professionals 21: Elected officials 1.1.1 19.5 (District) 22: Managers 4.6.6 20.1 23: Officials Class-I 3.4.4 20.5 25: Class-III Employee 9 1.3 1.3 21.9 (Clerical) 27: Traditional clerks 3.4.4 22.3 28: Class IV employee 5.7.7 23.1 29: Other administrative, 1.1.1 23.2 managerial and clerical workers 31: Medium businessmen 8 1.2 1.2 24.4 32: Small businessmen 6.9.9 25.3 33: Petty shopkeeper 15 2.2 2.2 27.5 35: Sales Executives 1.1.1 27.7 36: Salespersons 4.6.6 28.3 37: Shop Assistants 2.3.3 28.6 39: Other businessmen 11 1.6 1.6 30.2 40: Waiters 1.1.1 30.4 42: Barbers, beauticians 1.1.1 30.5 44: Chowkidars, caretakers 4.6.6 31.1 45: Sweepers, scavengers 8 1.2 1.2 32.3 49: Other service workers 8 1.2 1.2 33.5 50: Mechanics, machine 6.9.9 34.4 tool operators, drivers 52: Jewellers 1.1.1 34.6 53: Tailors 3.4.4 35.0 54: Weavers 2.3.3 35.3 57: Carpenters 13 1.9 1.9 37.3 59: Other skilled workers 4.6.6 37.9 62: Potters 1.1.1 38.0 65: Rickshaw-pullars 6.9.9 38.9 66: Unskilled labourers 7 1.0 1.0 40.0 69: Other semi-skilled and 2.3.3 40.3 unskilled workers 70: Owner-cultivators 20+ 12 1.8 1.8 42.1 Acres 71: Owner-cultivators 10-1.1.1 42.2 20 Acres 72: Owner-cultivators 5-10 5.7.7 43.0 Acres 73: Owner-cultivators 1-5 13 1.9 1.9 44.9 Acres 74: Owner-cultivators 0-1 11 1.6 1.6 46.6 Acre 75: Tenant Cultivators. 5+ 16 2.4 2.4 49.0 acres Tenant Cultivators 0-5 acres 4.6.6 49.6

77: Plantation workers 2.3.3 49.9 78: Agricultural labourers 108 16.2 16.2 66.0 79: Other Agricultural 22 3.3 3.3 69.3 Workers 89 1.1.1 69.5 90: House-wife/husband 83 12.4 12.4 81.9 91: Students not seeking 47 7.0 7.0 88.9 employment 92: Employee seekers 9 1.3 1.3 90.3 93: Unemployed workers, 9 1.3 1.3 91.6 non-workers 95: Other occupation 11 1.6 1.6 93.3 99: N.A. 45 6.7 6.7 100.0 B7a: Occupation(Main earner) Frequency Percent Percent Cumulativ e Percent 02: Engineers 2.3.3.3 03: Doctors 14 2.1 2.1 2.4 04: Lawyers 13 1.9 1.9 4.3 05: Accountants(with degree 1.1.1 4.5 and working in good firm) 06: College/University teachers 16 2.4 2.4 6.9 07: Writers 1.1.1 7.0 08: Modern Artist 2.3.3 7.3 09: Other higher professional 25 3.7 3.7 11.1 10: Science and engineering 4.6.6 11.7 technician 13: Medical Technician 1.1.1 11.8 14: School teachers 39 5.8 5.8 17.7 15: Nursery teachers 5.7.7 18.4 16: Folk and commercial artist 3.4.4 18.9 19: Other lower professionals 40 6.0 6.0 24.9 20: Elected officials 1.1.1 25.0 (Central/State) 21: Elected officials (District) 1.1.1 25.1 22: Managers 4.6.6 25.7 23: Officials Class-I 5.7.7 26.5 25: Class-III Employee (Clerical) 14 2.1 2.1 28.6 27: Traditional clerks 1.1.1 28.7 28: Class IV employee 5.7.7 29.5 29: Other administrative, 2.3.3 29.8 managerial and clerical workers 30: Big businessmen 1.1.1 29.9 31: Medium businessmen 8 1.2 1.2 31.1 32: Small businessmen 2.3.3 31.4 33: Petty shopkeeper 6.9.9 32.3 35: Sales Executives 1.1.1 32.5 36: Salespersons 5.7.7 33.2 37: Shop Assistants 2.3.3 33.5 39: Other businessmen 7 1.0 1.0 34.6 42: Barbers, beauticians 1.1.1 34.7 44: Chowkidars, caretakers 3.4.4 35.2 45: Sweepers, scavengers 8 1.2 1.2 36.4

49: Other service workers 6.9.9 37.3 50: Mechanics, machine tool 5.7.7 38.0 operators, drivers 53: Tailors 3.4.4 38.5 55: Shoemakers 1.1.1 38.6 56: Blacksmiths 1.1.1 38.8 57: Carpenters 2.3.3 39.1 59: Other skilled workers 6.9.9 40.0 62: Potters 1.1.1 40.1 63: Stone-cutter and carvers 6.9.9 41.0 65: Rickshaw-pullars 4.6.6 41.6 66: Unskilled labourers 8 1.2 1.2 42.8 69: Other semi-skilled and 2.3.3 43.1 unskilled workers 70: Owner-cultivators 20+ Acres 6.9.9 44.0 71: Owner-cultivators 10-20 3.4.4 44.5 Acres 72: Owner-cultivators 5-10 4.6.6 45.1 Acres 73: Owner-cultivators 1-5 Acres 6.9.9 46.0 74: Owner-cultivators 0-1 Acre 11 1.6 1.6 47.6 75: Tenant Cultivators. 5+ acres 9 1.3 1.3 49.0 Tenant Cultivators 0-5 acres 4.6.6 49.6 77: Plantation workers 6.9.9 50.4 78: Agricultural labourers 96 14.4 14.4 64.8 79: Other Agricultural Workers 18 2.7 2.7 67.5 80 1.1.1 67.7 85 1.1.1 67.8 89 1.1.1 68.0 90: House-wife/husband 1.1.1 68.1 92: Employee seekers 2.3.3 68.4 93: Unemployed workers, nonworkers 1.1.1 68.6 95: Other occupation 7 1.0 1.0 69.6 99: N.A. 203 30.4 30.4 100.0 B8: Caste/Jati-biradari/Tribe name Frequency Percent Percent Cumulative Percent 02: Bhumihar 6.9.9.9 37: Sunar (Gold 23 3.4 3.4 4.3 smith) 39: Other OBC 2.3.3 4.6 49: Other SCs 1.1.1 4.8 50: Mizo 384 57.5 57.5 62.3 51: Hmar 2.3.3 62.6 52: Pawi 3.4.4 63.0 53: Lakher 3.4.4 63.5 54: Paite 1.1.1 63.6 55: Chakma 30 4.5 4.5 68.1 56: Bru 20 3.0 3.0 71.1 57: Ralte 1.1.1 71.3 58: Mara 17 2.5 2.5 73.8 69: Othet STs 158 23.7 23.7 97.5 79: Other 1.1.1 97.6

Muslims 80: Sikhs 2.3.3 97.9 85: Upper 2.3.3 98.2 Christians 89: Other 1.1.1 98.4 christians 92: Buddhists 2.3.3 98.7 94: Other 1.1.1 98.8 minorities 95: Hindu no 5.7.7 99.6 caste 99: NA 3.4.4 100.0 B8a: Caste group 1: Scheduled Caste(SC) 2: Scheduled Tribe(ST) 3: Other Backward Caste (OBC) 4: Others 9: N.A. Cumulativ 10 1.5 1.5 1.5 637 95.4 95.4 96.9 8 1.2 1.2 98.1 2.3.3 98.4 11 1.6 1.6 100.0 B9: Religion 1: Hindu 2: Muslim 3: Christian 4: Sikh 5: Buddhist 8: Others Cumulativ 12 1.8 1.8 1.8 10 1.5 1.5 3.3 610 91.3 91.3 94.6 1.1.1 94.8 32 4.8 4.8 99.6 3.4.4 100.0 B10: Area/Locality 1: Village 2: Town(Below 1 Lakh) 3: City (above 1 Lakh) Cumulativ 240 35.9 35.9 35.9 213 31.9 31.9 67.8 215 32.2 32.2 100.0

B11a: (If Town/City) Type of house 0: NA 1: House/Flat with 4 or more bedrooms 2: House/Flat with 3 or 4 Bedrooms 3: House/Flat with 3 bedrooms 4: House/flats with 2 pucca rooms (with kitchen) 5: House/Flat with 2 pucca rooms(without kitchen 6: House with 1 pucca rooms(with kitchen) 7: House with 1 pucca rooms(without kitchen 8: Mainly Kutcha house 9: Slum/JJ/Fully Kutcha Cumulativ 253 37.9 37.9 37.9 76 11.4 11.4 49.3 79 11.8 11.8 61.1 160 24.0 24.0 85.0 34 5.1 5.1 90.1 8 1.2 1.2 91.3 34 5.1 5.1 96.4 6.9.9 97.3 13 1.9 1.9 99.3 5.7.7 100.0 B11b: (If Village), Type of House 0: NA 1: Pucca 2: Pucca-Kutcha 3: Kutcha 4: Hut Cumulativ 437 65.4 65.4 65.4 115 17.2 17.2 82.6 83 12.4 12.4 95.1 14 2.1 2.1 97.2 19 2.8 2.8 100.0

B12: Number of rooms in use in the household 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 8: Eight 9: Nine and above Cumulativ 32 4.8 4.8 4.8 107 16.0 16.0 20.8 160 24.0 24.0 44.8 157 23.5 23.5 68.3 59 8.8 8.8 77.1 49 7.3 7.3 84.4 24 3.6 3.6 88.0 13 1.9 1.9 90.0 67 10.0 10.0 100.0 B13: number of family member(adult) 0: Blank/NA 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 8: Eight 9: Nine and above Cumulativ 3.4.4.4 13 1.9 1.9 2.4 110 16.5 16.5 18.9 135 20.2 20.2 39.1 159 23.8 23.8 62.9 124 18.6 18.6 81.4 58 8.7 8.7 90.1 23 3.4 3.4 93.6 18 2.7 2.7 96.3 25 3.7 3.7 100.0 B13: number of family member(children) 0: Blank/NA 1: One 2: Two 3: Three 4: Four 5: Five 6: Six 7: Seven 9: Nine and above Cumulativ 62 9.3 9.3 9.3 112 16.8 16.8 26.0 200 29.9 29.9 56.0 116 17.4 17.4 73.4 82 12.3 12.3 85.6 40 6.0 6.0 91.6 14 2.1 2.1 93.7 6.9.9 94.6 36 5.4 5.4 100.0

0: No 1: Yes B14a: Car/Jeep/Van/Tractor Cumulativ 552 82.6 82.6 82.6 116 17.4 17.4 100.0 0: No 1: B/W 2: Colour B14b: Colour or B/W Television Cumulativ 173 25.9 25.9 25.9 130 19.5 19.5 45.4 365 54.6 54.6 100.0 0: No 1: Yes B14c: Scooter/Motorcycle/Mopet Cumulativ 456 68.3 68.3 68.3 212 31.7 31.7 100.0 0: No 1: Yes B14e: Electric fan/cooler Cumulativ 397 59.4 59.4 59.4 271 40.6 40.6 100.0 0: No 1: Yes B14f: Bicycle Cumulativ 560 83.8 83.8 83.8 108 16.2 16.2 100.0 0: No 1: Yes B14g: Radio/Transistor Cumulativ 400 59.9 59.9 59.9 268 40.1 40.1 100.0

0: No 1: Yes B14h: Pumping set Cumulativ 581 87.0 87.0 87.0 87 13.0 13.0 100.0 0: No 1: Yes B14i: Fridge Cumulativ 345 51.6 51.6 51.6 323 48.4 48.4 100.0 B14j: Cow/Buffalow 0: Blank/NA 1: One 5: Five 9: Nine and above Cumulativ 593 88.8 88.8 88.8 59 8.8 8.8 97.6 2.3.3 97.9 14 2.1 2.1 100.0 B15: monthly household income? Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Percent 0 3.4.4.4 57 1.1.1.6 100 1.1.1.7 400 2.3.3 1.0 500 2.3.3 1.3 800 1.1.1 1.5 1000 7 1.0 1.0 2.5 1500 13 1.9 1.9 4.5 2000 47 7.0 7.0 11.5 2500 6.9.9 12.4 2800 2.3.3 12.7 3000 52 7.8 7.8 20.5 3200 1.1.1 20.7 3300 2.3.3 21.0 3500 6.9.9 21.9 3600 2.3.3 22.2 3700 3.4.4 22.6 3800 2.3.3 22.9 3850 1.1.1 23.1 4000 26 3.9 3.9 26.9 4200 1.1.1 27.1 4500 10 1.5 1.5 28.6 4800 1.1.1 28.7

5000 58 8.7 8.7 37.4 5500 3.4.4 37.9 5600 2.3.3 38.2 5700 2.3.3 38.5 5800 2.3.3 38.8 5900 1.1.1 38.9 6000 34 5.1 5.1 44.0 6500 3.4.4 44.5 7000 26 3.9 3.9 48.4 7320 1.1.1 48.5 7500 7 1.0 1.0 49.6 8000 59 8.8 8.8 58.4 8500 11 1.6 1.6 60.0 8600 1.1.1 60.2 9000 23 3.4 3.4 63.6 9500 8 1.2 1.2 64.8 10000 82 12.3 12.3 77.1 10500 2.3.3 77.4 11000 1.1.1 77.5 12000 17 2.5 2.5 80.1 13000 1.1.1 80.2 14000 2.3.3 80.5 15000 19 2.8 2.8 83.4 16000 3.4.4 83.8 18000 1.1.1 84.0 19000 1.1.1 84.1 20000 27 4.0 4.0 88.2 23000 1.1.1 88.3 25000 3.4.4 88.8 28000 1.1.1 88.9 30000 17 2.5 2.5 91.5 35000 1.1.1 91.6 40000 5.7.7 92.4 45000 8 1.2 1.2 93.6 46000 1.1.1 93.7 50000 13 1.9 1.9 95.7 55000 1.1.1 95.8 60000 2.3.3 96.1 65000 1.1.1 96.3 70000 9 1.3 1.3 97.6 80000 3.4.4 98.1 85000 1.1.1 98.2 90000 1.1.1 98.4 99999 11 1.6 1.6 100.0

III: ANNEXURE-3: Vote Casted to different parties with respect to gender, age, education, locality, religion and caste in Mizoram assembly election, Post-poll Survey, 2008 Gender INC MNF ZNP MZPC Others* All 28 30 13 10 19 Male 28 31 13 9 19 Female 28 30 14 11 18 Age Groups Upto 25 yrs 28 28 16 12 16 26-35yrs 28 33 15 8 17 36-45yrs 32 29 14 7 18 46-55yrs 25 38 15 7 15 Above 55 yrs 31 25 8 14 22 Education (Respondent) Non Literate 19 33 -- 4 44 Upto Primary 25 33 11 17 14 Upto Matric 32 31 11 9 17 College and above 26 27 22 9 16 Locality Rural 22 35 8 11 24 Urban 32 28 16 9 16 Religion Christian 29 31 14 10 16 Buddhist 11 19 -- -- 70 Others** 33 29 5 10 24 Caste/Community Upper Castes 33 33 17 17 -- Other Backward Castes 22 39 13 -- 26 Scheduled Castes 100 -- -- -- -- Mizo 30 31 18 9 13 Chakma 13 30 -- -- 57 Scheduled Tribes 27 28 7 14 25 Others 46 23 8 15 8 Source: CSDS Data Unit, Mizoram, Election Study, Post-poll 2008 Note: All figures in percent, Sample Size: 668 *Others includes, MDF, MPC, Independent Note: Those who did not cast vote and hold no opinion are excluded ** Others includes Hindu, Muslims, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Other Rural¹ includes village, having minimum 5000 population Urban² includes town (below one lakh), city (above one lakh) and Metropolitan (above 10 lakh)