Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics Series Editor Martin Polley International Centre for Sports History De Montfort University United Kingdom
Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics aims to nurture new research, both historical and contemporary, to the complex inter-relationships between sport and politics. The books in this series will range in their focus from the local to the global, and will embody a broad approach to politics, encompassing the ways in which sport has interacted with the state, dissidence, ideology, war, human rights, diplomacy, security, policy, identities, the law, and many other forms of politics. It includes approaches from a range of disciplines, and promotes work by new and established scholars from around the world. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15061
Eilidh Macrae Exercise in the Female Life-Cycle in Britain, 1930 1970
Eilidh Macrae University of the West of Scotland Hamilton, United Kingdom Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics ISBN 978-1-137-58318-5 ISBN 978-1-137-58319-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58319-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943475 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London
For my mother, Margaret Anne Macrae
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for providing me with funding to conduct this research, as well as University of the West of Scotland for giving me time to complete it. Eleanor Gordon, Lynn Abrams, Claire Langhamer, and Rose Elliot all read and commented on drafts of the manuscript, and for this I am eternally grateful. Thank you to my husband, Andrew, for your valued proofreading on multiple occasions and general support! Many thanks also to Linsey, Andrea, Catriona, and Meagan for your advice and encouragement, as well as the very necessary distractions you provided at key stages of this research process. And thanks to mum and dad for your support and love. vii
CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 2 Physical Education Experiences 39 3 Experiencing Exercise as a Young Woman 81 4 Pregnancy, Menstruation, and Active Women 121 5 Exercise During Marriage and Motherhood 173 6 Conclusion 213 Appendix 225 Bibliography 235 Index 251 ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BBC BMJ CCPR EIS EUSC ICI MMM NAS NCT PE SCPR SED STV SYHA WCG WLHB British Broadcasting Corporation British Medical Journal Central Council of Physical Recreation Educational Institute of Scotland Edinburgh University Special Collections Imperial Chemical Industries Margaret Morris Movement National Archives of Scotland National Childbirth Trust Physical Education Scottish Council of Physical Recreation Scottish Education Department Scottish Television Scottish Youth Hostels Association Women s Co-operative Guild Women s League of Health and Beauty xi