A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE D TD E E Peter Irons V I K I N G
FOREWORD BY HOWARD ZlNN INTRODUCTION: "The Genius of the Constitution" v xiii SECTION I: "To Establish a More Perfect Union" 1 CHAPTER 1 "Morally Sinfulby the Word ofgod" 3 The law of the colonial era and its treatment of religious dissenters, women, blacks, and Indians CHAPTER 2 "The Exigencies of the Union" 17 The Constitutional Convention meets in 1787; James Madison and the Virginia Plan CHAPTER 3 "Dishonorable to the National Character" 27 The Framers debate the powers of Congress; the Great Compromise over slavery CHAPTER 4 "The Supreme Law of the Land" 36 The Framers debate executive power and establish the Supreme Court CHAPTER 5 "The Country Must Finally Decide" 48 The Framers debate a bill of rights; the final drafting and signing of the Constitution CHAPTER 6 "The Plot Thickens Fast" 59 The states debate and ratify the Constitution CHAPTER 7 "The Nauseous Project of Amendments" 69 The First Congress debates a bill of rights; the states ratify the first ten amendments SECTION II: "It Is a Constitution We Are Expounding" 83 CHAPTER 8 "The Court Is Now Sitting" 85 Establishing the Supreme Court; its first sessions and members *Haßurn's Case (1792) *Chisholm v. Georgia (1793)
Contents CHAPTER 9 "ToSayWhattheLawIs" 96 Congress passes the Sedition Act; Chief Justice John Marshall and judicial power *Marbury v. Madison (1803) CHAPTER 10 "These Jarring and Discordantjudgments" 108 The impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase; conflicts between federal and State powers *Fktcherv.Peck (1810) *Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816) * Cohens v. Virginia (1821) CHAPTER 11 "The Good and the Wise" 121 Federal power over the states; the Court construes the Contract Claus e *McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) *Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) *Sturges v. Crowninshield (1819) * Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) *Ogden v. Saunders (1827) * Barron v. Baltimore (1833) CHAPTER 12 "Great, Good, and Excellent Man!" 137 The Court first confronts slavery; Chief Justice Marshall dies and Roger Taney takes over *77>e Antilope (1825) * Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) * The Awistad (1841) *Priggv. Pennsylvania (1842) S E c TIO N III: "Justly and Lawfully Be Reduced to Slavery" 155 CHAPTER 13 "A Small, Pleasant-Looking Negro" 157 The background of the DredScottca.se and the legal rights of blacks *DredScottv. Sandford(1851) CHAPTER 14 "Beings of an Inferior Order" 168 The Court decides that blacks are not Citizens and have no legal rights *Dred Scott v. Sandford, cont. (1857) CHAPTER 15 "Another Explosion Will Soon Come" 179 Reaction to the Dred Scott dccision; the Lincoln-Douglas debates and the Civil War *Ex Parte Milligan (1866) CHAPTER 16 "A Higher Law Than the Constitution" 190 Congress adopts and the states ratify the Civil War amendments *Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) * United States v. Cruickshank (1876)
x Contents CHAPTER 17 "An Evil Eye and an Unequal Hand" 206 The Civil Rights Act of 1875; the disputed presidential election of 1876 * Civil'Rights Cases (1883) *Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) CHAPTER 18 "Our Constitution Is Color-Blind" 221 The Court confronts the Jim Crow System of racial segregation *Plessy v. Ferguson (1895) SECTION IV: "Liberty in a Social Organization" 233 CHAPTER 19 "The Spectre of Socialism" 235 The laissez-faire Constitution and the challenge of socialism and populism *Munn v. Illinois (1877) *Muglerv. Kansas (1877) * Chicago, Milwaukee &St. PaulRailwaj v. Minnesota (1890) * United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) * Pollock v. Farmers' Loan Co. (1895) *InreDebs(1895) CHAPTER 20 "The Work Was Light and Healthful" 248 The rights of workers and regulation of the workplace * Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897) *Holden v. Hardy (1898) * Lochnerv. New York (1905) *Müller v. Oregon (1908) *Adkins u Childrens Hospital (1923) CHAPTER 21 "Falsely Shouting Fire in a Theatre" 265 World War I, the Sedition Act, and free Speech rights *Schenckv. United States (1919) *Debsv. United States (1919) *Abrams v. United States (1919) CHAPTER 22 "Every Idea Is an Incitement" 282 The Court reacts to the Red Scare that followed the war *Gitlow v. New York (1925) * Whitney v. California (1927) *DeJonge v. Oregon (1937) * Herndon v. Loivry (1937) CHAPTER 23 "The General Weifare of the United States" 294 The Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt, and the New Deal in court *Home Building & Loan Assn. v. Blaisdell (1934) *Nebbia v. New York (1934)
Contents *Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) * United States v. Butler (1936) CHAPTER 24 "To Save the Constitution from the Court" 307 Roosevelt's court-packing plan and the Constitutional Revolution of 1937 *Carter v. Carter Coal Co. (1936) *Moreheadv. Tipaldo (1936) * West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) CHAPTER 25 "Hughes Thundered Out the Decision" 318 The demise of the laissez-faire Constitution; Roosevelt packs the Court with New Dealers *NLRB v. fones & Laughlin Steel Co. (1937) SECTION V: "Beyond the Reach of Majorities" 331 CHAPTER 26 "We live by Symbols" 333 Footnote Four and the Jehovah's Witnesses cases * United States v. Carolene Products Co. (1938) *Minersville School Board v. Gobitis (1940) * West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) CHAPTER 27 "AJap'saJap" 348 The wartime internment of Japanese Americans and the redress movement *Hirabayashi v. United States (1943) *Korematsuv. United States (1944) *ExparteEndo (1944) CHAPTER 28 "My Iittle Soul Is Overjoyed" 365 The NAACP campaign against segregation; the Communist Party in the courts *Gaines v. Canada (1938) *Sipuel v. Oklahoma Board of Regents (1948) *Shel/ey v. Kraemer (1948) *Sweattv. Painter (1950) *McLaurin v. Oklahoma (1950) *Dennisv. United States (1951) CHAPTER 29 "Give Me the Colored Doll" 383 The school segregation cases * Brown v. Board of Education (1954) CHAPTER 30 "War on the Constitution" 395 The Brown decisions and the Iittle Rock insurrection against judicial authority * Brown v. Board of Education, cont. (1954) *Cooperv.Aaron (1958) CHAPTER 31 "A Better Place Because He Lived" 409 The Warren Court and the Bill of Rights *Everson v. Board of Education (1947) *McCollum v. Illinois (1948)
Contents *Engel v. Vitale (1962) *Abington Township v. Schempp (1963) *Lee v. Weisman (1992) *Reynolds v. Sims (1964) *Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) *Miranda v. Arizona (1966) * United States v. O'Brien (1968) *Tinkerv. DesMoines (1969) *New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) SECTION VI: "A Right of PersonalPrivacy" 421 CHAPTER 32 "You've Been Taking Pure Thalidomide" 423 The Court deals with procreation * Skinnerv. Oklahoma (1942) *Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) CHAPTER 33 "The Raw Edges of Human Existence" 436 The issue of abortion *Roev. Wade (1973) CHAPTER 34 "Truly a Pandora's Box" 450 Affirmative action and gay rights *Regents v. Bakke (1978) *Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) CHAPTER 35 "I Fear for the Future" 464 The Court divides over abortion, flag burning, and affirmative action * Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) *Texas v.johnson (1989) *Richmondv.J.A. Croson Co. (1989) *PlannedParenthoodv. Casey (1992) EPILOGUE: "HOW to Treat Other People" 481 UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION 485 THE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT 502 NOTES 507 SOURCES FOR FURTHER READING 526 INDEX 531