Introduction Table of Contents (See also Summary of Contents on page xv) Introduction ix How to Add Your Own Notes xiii Part One: Citations 1 Citation Format 3 1 1 Universal Citation Style 3 1 2 Parallel Citations 5 1 3 Local Rules and the Unified Judicial System 5 1 4 The Tomayto/Tomahto Syndrome 5 1 5 Citation Formats 7 1 5 [1] Pennsylvania Cases 8 Pennsylvania Supreme Court 8 Pennsylvania Superior Court 8 Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court 8 Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas 8 Pennsylvania Orphans Courts 9 Pennsylvania Board of Claims 9 Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole 9 Pennsylvania Environmental Hearing Board 9 Pennsylvania Fiduciary Reporter 9 Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board 9 Pennsylvania Office of the Attorney General Opinions 9 Pennsylvania Office of Open Records 9 Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission 9 Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission 9 xvii
Pennsylvania Workers Compensation Appeal Board 10 1 5 [2] Pennsylvania Statutes 10 Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes 10 Purdon s Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated 10 Purdon s Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated 10 1 5 [3] Pennsylvania Rules 10 Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure 10 Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure 10 Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence 11 Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure 11 Pennsylvania Orphans Court Rules 11 Pennsylvania Rules of Professional Conduct 11 Pennsylvania Rules of Judicial Administration 11 Pennsylvania Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure 11 Pennsylvania Rules Governing Standards of Conduct of Magisterial District Judges 11 Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure Governing Actions and Proceedings Before Magisterial District Judges 11 Pennsylvania Board of Claims Rules of Procedure 11 Pennsylvania Judicial Conduct Board Rules of Procedure 11 Pennsylvania Bar Admission Rules 12 Pennsylvania Rules for Continuing Legal Education 12 Pennsylvania Rules of Disciplinary Enforcement 12 1 5 [4] Pennsylvania Local County Rules 12 Adams County Rules of Civil Procedure 12 Adams County Rules of Criminal Procedure 12 Adams County Juvenile Court Rules 12 Adams County Rules of Judicial Administration 12 Adams County Orphans Court Rules 12 Allegheny County Local Rules 13 Allegheny County Rules of Criminal Procedure 13 Armstrong County Rules of Civil Procedure 13 Armstrong County Rules of Criminal Procedure 13 Armstrong County Orphans Court Rules 13 Armstrong County Local Rules Governing Conduct, Office Standards, and Civil Procedure for District Justices 13 xviii
Armstrong County Local Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure 13 Armstrong County Local Rules of Judicial Administration 13 Beaver County Rules of Civil Procedure 13 Beaver County Rules of Criminal Procedure 13 Beaver County Orphans Court Rules 13 Bedford County Rules of Civil Procedure 14 Berks County Rules of Civil Procedure 14 Berks County Rules of Criminal Procedure 14 Berks County Orphans Court Rules 14 Berks County Rules of Judicial Administration 14 Blair County Local Rules 14 Bradford County Rules of Civil Procedure 14 Bradford County Rules of Criminal Procedure 14 Bradford County Orphans Court Rules 14 Bucks County Rules of Civil Procedure 14 Bucks County Orphans Court Rules 14 Butler County Rules of Civil Procedure 14 Butler County Rules of Criminal Procedure 15 Butler County Family Court Rules 15 Cambria County Rules of Civil Procedure 15 Cameron and Elk Counties Local Civil Rules 15 Cameron and Elk Counties Rules for Magisterial District Judges 15 Carbon County Rules of Civil Procedure 15 Carbon County Rules of Criminal Procedure 15 Carbon County Orphans Court Rules 15 Centre County Civil Local Rules 15 Chester County Rules of Civil Procedure 15 Chester County Rules of Criminal Procedure 15 Chester County Orphans Court Rules 15 Clarion County Rules of Civil Procedure 16 Clarion County Rules of Criminal Procedure 16 Clearfield County Rules of Civil Procedure 16 Clinton County Rules of Civil Procedure 16 Clinton County Orphans Court Rules 16 Clinton County Rules of Miscellaneous Procedure 16 Columbia and Montour Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 16 Crawford County Rules of Civil Procedure 16 Crawford County Rules of Criminal Procedure 16 xix
Crawford County Orphans Court Rules 16 Cumberland County Rules of Procedure 16 Cumberland County Orphans Court Rules 16 Dauphin County Rules of Civil Procedure 17 Dauphin County Orphans Court Rules 17 Dauphin County Rules for Magisterial District Judges 17 Delaware County Rules of Civil Procedure 17 Delaware County Rules of Criminal Procedure 17 Delaware County Orphans Court Rules 17 Elk County [see Cameron and Elk Counties] 17 Erie County Rules of Civil Procedure 17 Fayette County Rules of Civil Procedure 17 Fayette County Rules of Criminal Procedure 17 Fayette County Orphans Court Rules 17 Fayette County Rules of Judicial Administration 17 Forest County [see Warren and Forest Counties] 17 Franklin and Fulton Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 18 Franklin and Fulton Counties Rules of Criminal Procedure 18 Franklin and Fulton Counties Orphans Court Rules 18 Franklin and Fulton Counties Rules of Juvenile Procedure 18 Franklin and Fulton Counties Rules of Judicial Administration 18 Fulton County [see Franklin and Fulton Counties] 18 Greene County Rules of Civil Procedure 18 Greene County Rules of Criminal Procedure 18 Greene County Orphans Court Rules 18 Greene County Rules of Judicial Administration 18 Huntingdon County 18 Indiana County Rules of Civil Procedure 18 Indiana County Orphans Court Rules 19 Jefferson County Rules of Civil Procedure 19 Jefferson County Rules of Criminal Procedure 19 Jefferson County Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure 19 Juniata County [see Perry and Juniata Counties] 19 Lackawanna County Rules of Civil Procedure 19 Lackawanna County Rules of Criminal Procedure 19 Lackawanna County Orphans Court Rules 19 xx
Lackawanna County Rules of Civil Procedure Governing District Justice Proceedings 19 Lancaster County Rules of Civil Procedure 19 Lancaster County Rules of Criminal Procedure 19 Lancaster County Orphans Court Rules 19 Lancaster County Rules for Constables and Magisterial District Judges 20 Lawrence County Rules of Civil Procedure 20 Lawrence County Rules of Judicial Administration 20 Lebanon County Rules of Civil Procedure 20 Lebanon County Rules of Criminal Procedure 20 Lebanon County Orphans Court Rules 20 Lehigh County Rules of Civil Procedure 20 Lehigh County Rules of Criminal Procedure 20 Lehigh County Orphans Court Rules 20 Lehigh County Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure 20 Lehigh County Rules of Judicial Administration 20 Luzerne County Rules of Civil Procedure 20 Luzerne County Rules of Criminal Procedure 21 Luzerne County Orphans Court Rules 21 Luzerne County Rules of Judicial Administration 21 Lycoming County Rules of General Court Business 21 Lycoming County Rules of Civil Procedure 21 Lycoming County Rules of Criminal Procedure 21 Lycoming County Orphans Court Rules 21 McKean County Rules of Civil Procedure 21 McKean County Rules of Criminal Procedure 21 McKean County Orphans Court Rules 21 Mercer County Rules of Civil Procedure 21 Mercer County Rules of Criminal Procedure 21 Mercer County Orphans Court Rules 22 Mifflin County Local Rules 22 Mifflin County Rules of Criminal Procedure 22 Monroe County Rules of Civil Procedure 22 Monroe County Rule of Judicial Administration 22 Montgomery County Rules of Civil Procedure 22 Montgomery County Rules of Criminal Procedure 22 Montgomery County Orphans Court Rules 22 Montgomery County Rule of Judicial Administration 22 Montour County [see Columbia and Montour Counties] 22 Northampton County Rules of Civil Procedure 22 xxi
xxii Northampton County Rules of Criminal Procedure 22 Northampton County Orphans Court Rules 22 Northumberland County Rules of Civil Procedure 23 Northumberland County Rules of Criminal Procedure 23 Northumberland County Rules of Civil Procedure Custody 23 Northumberland County Orphans Court Rules 23 Perry and Juniata Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 23 Perry and Juniata Counties Orphans Court Rules 23 Philadelphia County Rules of Civil Procedure 23 Philadelphia County Rules of Criminal Procedure 23 Philadelphia County Orphans Court Rules 23 Philadelphia County Family Court Rules 23 Philadelphia County Municipal Civil Practice Rules 23 Pike County Rules of Civil Procedure 23 Pike County Rules of Criminal Procedure 24 Potter County Local Rules 24 Schuylkill County Rules of Civil Procedure 24 Schuylkill County Rules of Criminal Procedure 24 Schuylkill County Orphans Court Rules 24 Schuylkill County Rules of Criminal Procedure for Magisterial District Judge Courts 24 Schuylkill County Rules of Judicial Administration 24 Snyder and Union Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 24 Snyder and Union Counties Rules of Criminal Procedure 24 Snyder and Union Counties Orphans Court Rules 24 Somerset County Rules of Civil Procedure 24 Somerset County Rules of Criminal Procedure 24 Somerset County Orphans Court Rules 25 Somerset County Rules of Judicial Administration 25 Sullivan and Wyoming Counties General Rules 25 Sullivan and Wyoming Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 25 Sullivan and Wyoming Counties Rules of Criminal Procedure 25 Sullivan and Wyoming Counties Orphans Court Rules 25 Susquehanna County Rules of Civil Procedure 25 Susquehanna County Rules of Criminal Procedure 25 Susquehanna County Orphans Court Rules 25
Tioga County Rules of Civil Procedure 25 Tioga County Rules of Criminal Procedure 25 Tioga County Orphans Court Rules 25 Tioga County Rules Governing District Justices 26 Tioga County Rules of Judicial Administration 26 Venango County Rules of Civil Procedure 26 Venango County Rules of Criminal Procedure 26 Venango County Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure 26 Warren and Forest Counties Rules of Civil Procedure 26 Warren and Forest Counties Rules of Criminal Procedure 26 Warren and Forest Counties Orphans Court Rules 26 Washington County Rules of Civil Procedure 26 Washington County Rules of Criminal Procedure 26 Washington County Orphans Court Rules 26 Wayne County Rules of Civil Procedure 26 Wayne County Rules of Criminal Procedure 27 Westmoreland County Rules of Civil Procedure 27 Westmoreland County Rules of Criminal Procedure 27 Westmoreland County Orphans Court Rules 27 Westmoreland County Rules of Judicial Administration 27 Wyoming County [see Sullivan and Wyoming Counties] 27 York County Rules of Civil Procedure 27 York County Rules of Criminal Procedure 27 York County Orphans Court Rules 27 York County Rules of Judicial Administration 27 York County Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure Dependency 27 1 5 [5] Other Pennsylvania Citations 28 Pennsylvania Bulletin 28 Pennsylvania Code 28 Pennsylvania Bar Association Quarterly 28 1 5 [6] U.S. Cases 28 U.S. Supreme Court 28 U.S. Courts of Appeals 28 U.S. District Courts 29 U.S. Bankruptcy Court 29 U.S. Tax Court 29 U.S. Court of Federal Claims 29 xxiii
xxiv Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 29 National Labor Relations Board 30 Military Service Courts of Criminal Appeals 30 1 5 [7] Federal Statutes 30 Acts 30 United States Code 30 United States Code Annotated 30 United States Code Service 30 United States Code Unannotated 30 1 5 [8] Federal Rules 30 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 30 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 31 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure 31 Federal Rules of Evidence 31 Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure 31 Third Circuit Local Appellate Rules 31 Third Circuit Miscellaneous Local Rules 31 Third Circuit Internal Operating Procedures 31 Local Civil Rules of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania 31 Local Criminal Rules of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania 31 Local Bankruptcy Rules of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania 31 Local Bankruptcy Forms of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania 31 Local Civil Rules of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Criminal Rules of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Bankruptcy Rules of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Bankruptcy Forms of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Civil Rules of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Criminal Rules of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Bankruptcy Appellate Rules of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 32
Local Admiralty Rules of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 32 Local Rules of Practice for Patent Cases before the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 32 Model Rules of Professional Conduct 33 Supreme Court Rules 33 Uniform Rules of Evidence 33 1 5 [9] Other Federal Citations 33 Code of Federal Regulations 33 Federal Register 33 Internal Revenue Code 33 Internal Revenue Notices 33 Internal Revenue Rulings 33 Internal Revenue Private Letter Rulings 34 Internal Revenue Procedures 34 Treasury Regulations 34 1 5 [10] Constitutions 34 Pennsylvania 34 Federal 34 1 5 [11] Legislative Materials 34 State Bills 34 Unenacted Federal Bills 35 1 5 [12] Slip Laws 35 State 35 Federal 35 1 5 [13] Secondary Source Citations 35 Law Review Articles 35 Restatements 35 ALR Annotations 35 Treatises 36 Internet Articles 36 1 5 [14] Encyclopedia Citations 36 American Jurisprudence, Second 36 Pennsylvania Jurisprudence, Second 36 Pennsylvania Law Encyclopedia 36 1 5 [15] Dictionary Citations 36 Black s Law Dictionary 36 Ballentine s Law Dictionary 37 xxv
Burton s Legal Thesaurus 37 2 Citation Rules 39 2 1 Alphabetical Listing of Conventions 39 2 1 [1] Abbreviations in Text Sentences and Standalone Citations 39 2 1 [2] Acronym Forms of Names 40 2 1 [3] Acts 41 2 1 [4] Additional Description 41 2 1 [5] of America 41 2 1 [6] Business Designations 42 2 1 [7] Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 42 2 1 [8] Court Abbreviations in Cases 42 2 1 [9] Et al. 42 2 1 [10] Et seq. 42 2 1 [11] Ex parte 43 2 1 [12] Ex rel. 43 2 1 [13] First Party Only 43 2 1 [14] Footnote and Endnote References 43 2 1 [15] Id. 44 2 1 [16] Inc. 44 2 1 [17] Initials 44 2 1 [18] In re 45 2 1 [19] Internal Revenue Code 45 2 1 [20] Internet Citations 45 2 1 [21] Last Names 47 2 1 [22] Lexis and Westlaw Cites 47 2 1 [23] Material Found Only in a Supplement 48 2 1 [24] Order of Citations in Strings 48 2 1 [25] Other State Cases 48 2 1 [26] Page Numbers 48 2 1 [27] Parenthetical Names 49 2 1 [28] Parentheticals Denoting Multiple Decisions 49 2 1 [29] Parentheticals Following Citation 49 2 1 [30] Party Designations 49 xxvi
2 1 [31] Phrases of Location 50 2 1 [32] Pinpoint Citations 50 2 1 [33] Prior Case History 50 2 1 [34] Section Symbol 50 2 1 [35] Shortened Form of Case 51 2 1 [36] Signals 51 2 1 [37] State of, City of, etc. 52 2 1 [38] Subsections of Statutes and Rules 52 2 1 [39] Subsequent Case History 52 2 1 [40] Supra, Infra 53 2 1 [41] The Word The 53 2 1 [42] Unions as Party 53 2 1 [43] United States 54 2 1 [44] Unpublished/Unreported Opinions 54 2 2 Advanced Caption Pruning: How to Distill Long, Complicated, and Just Plain Weird Captions Down to a Usable Citation Title 55 2 2 [1] Anonymous, Inc. 55 2 2 [2] Appeals 56 2 2 [3] Bureaucracy Puzzles 56 2 2 [4] Death and Taxes (Estates and Assessments) 58 2 2 [5] Extensive Case History 58 2 2 [6] Meet the In Laws 59 2 2 [7] The Migration of the In re 60 2 2 [8] Mistakes in Headers 60 2 2 [9] The Mystery Guest 61 2 2 [10] The Name s the Same 61 2 2 [11] Parenthetical Parties 62 2 2 [12] Really Long Captions 62 2 2 [13] Really Old Cases 63 2 2 [14] Two for the Price of One 63 2 2 [15] Unusual Defendants 63 2 2 [16] Variations of Names 64 2 2 [17] Ze End A Cast of Thousands 66 xxvii
3 Abbreviations and Terms in Citations 73 3 1 Table of Abbreviations/Terms 75 3 2 Abbreviations for Pennsylvania Specific Periodicals 89 Part Two: Text 4 General Style Guidelines 93 4 1 Down Style 93 4 2 Clear Writing 95 4 2.1 Legalese to English Translation Table 97 4 2.2 A Utopian Dream 100 4 2.3 The Shall Game 102 4 2.4 The Perils of Please 103 4 2.5 Writing Tips from the Editors 103 4 3 Quotations 106 4 4 Italics 108 4 5 Gender Neutral Language/Sexist Language 109 4 6 The New Technology Dilemma 114 4 6.1 Eeeeeee! How to Spell the New Technology 115 4 6.2 Out with the Old 116 5 Grammar and Usage 117 5 1 A Quick Grammar Reference 117 5 1.1 Acronyms and Informal Names 117 5 1.2 Apostrophes 119 5 1.3 Colons 120 5 1.4 Commas 120 5 1.5 Headings 121 5 1.6 Hyphens and Dashes 122 5 1.7 Lists 122 5 1.8 Numbers 124 5 1.9 Quotation Marks 125 xxviii
5 1.10 Semicolons 126 5 1.11 Slashes 127 5 1.12 Which Hunts 127 5 1.13 Woo Who 128 5 2 Correct Usage 128 6 Typography 147 6 1 Court Requirements 147 6 2 Basic Typography (For those who care...) 148 6 2.1 Spaces 149 6 2.2 Quotation Marks and Apostrophes 150 6 2.3 Underlining/Italics 150 6 2.4 Hyphens, En, and Em Dashes 150 6 2.5 Widow/Orphans and Keep with Next 151 6 2.6 Styles and Templates 151 6 2.7 Portable Document Format (PDF) 152 6 3 Some Common Typographical Symbols 154 6 4 Those Wonderful Autofeatures and How to Get Rid of Them 157 6 4.1 Microsoft Word 2016 157 6 5 Keyboard Shortcuts for Faster Document Production 162 6 6 The Hazards of SkyDriving 164 Part Three: Appendices Appendix 1 Quick Reference Word List 169 A1 1 A Quick Reference for Case, Spelling, and Style 170 Appendix 2 Popular Name Acts 237 A2 1 Act Names Often Improperly Cited 237 A2 2 A Cure for the Common Code 242 Appendix 3 Handy Internet Sources for Citation and Style 247 xxix
Notes 251 Index 261 xxx