Lecturer: Mark Eaton Exam: 7-day home assignment Schedule: Summer School 2011 Small States in the Post-Cold War Global World Week 31 (Monday, 09:00-13:00; Tuesday-Thursday, 09:00-11:00) Week 32 (Monday, 09:00-13:00; Tuesday-Thursday, 09:00-11:00) Week 33 (Monday-Tuesday, 09:00-13:00; Wednesday, 09:00-11:00) This course will provide a general knowledge about the characteristics of small states in the post-cold War international system. It will focus on the foreign and security policies of small states, and the challenges they face in an increasingly interdependent and globalized world. The course will first examine the different theoretical approaches to small states security, and explain what is meant by the terms and concepts used by IR scholars working in this field. Next we will discuss and debate the various definitions of the small state category. However, the bulk of the course will examine many aspects of the foreign and security policies of small states, including (but not limited to) the factors that influence their international behaviour. Of course, these include obvious traditional security and military factors, such as the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the subsequent period of American hegemony, and internal and external threats to national security. However, the foreign and security policies of small states are also affected by the economic, political, social, cultural and environmental effects of globalization. The course ends with a comparative analysis of Denmark and Canada. The foreign and security policies of the two countries, and the factors that influence these policies, will be compared and contrasted. Although the two countries are admittedly influential small states, they are by no means great powers, and they face many of the same challenges confronted by small states in general. Their relative smallness becomes more apparent when compared on a variety of indicators with their large southern neighbours, Germany and the United States. When it comes to security, economic and environmental policies, the influence of larger states, and the structure of the international system, limits the ability of both states to formulate strictly independent policies. Thus, the concluding part of the course will provide concrete illustrations of the place and roles of two influential small states in international institutions and politics. Required Texts (available at Politologisk Bogformidling): 1. Hey, Jeanne A.K. Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour. London: Lynne Reiner Publishers, 2003. (ISBN: 1555879438) 2. Ingebritsen, Christine, Iver Neumann, Sieglinde Gstohl, and Jessica Beyer. Small States in International Relations. University of Washington Press, 2006. (ISBN: 0295985240) 3. Reading compendium 1
* When possible we will also incorporate some multimedia (for example, documentaries, WWW content) into our meetings. Course Activities: Our weekly meetings will combine class-wide discussions about the themes and issues covered in the readings, as well as group presentations. These activities are outlined briefly here: 1. Presentation (group): You will participate in a group presentation (approx. 15-20 minutes) on a theme covered in one of the weekly sessions. The group and instructor will agree on a topic in advance. 2. Participation: I will seek to facilitate your preparation for our weekly meetings by sending out questions to guide our discussions, as well as information regarding which readings you should emphasize in your preparation. 3. Media Reviews: Occasionally you may be asked to do a short media review for material related to course themes (again, to facilitate discussions). Readings: Session 1: Topic: Introduction to course No readings Session 2: Topic: Small States and International Relations Small States in International Relations, Keohane, Lilliputians Dilemmas, 55-76. Compendium: Baldwin, Security Studies and the End of the Cold War, World Politics, v. 48, no. 1 (1996): 1-13; Jervis, Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace, American Political Science Review, vol. 96, no. 1 (2002): 1-11; Baehr, Small States: A Tool for Analysis?, World Politics (1975): 456-466 Session 3: Topic: Defining Small States Small States in International Relations, 4-9, 55-61 Compendium: Baehr, 456-461 (See session 2); Crowards, Defining the Category of Small States, Journal of International Development (2002): 143-179; Väyrynen, On the Definition and Measurement of Small Power Status, Cooperation and Conflict (1971): 91-100; Jeremy W. Lamoreaux and David J. Galbreath, The Baltic States as 'Small States': Negotiating the 'East' by Engaging the 'West', Journal of Baltic Studies, 39:1 (March 2008): 3-4. 2
Session 4: Topic: Foreign Policies of Small States Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour, Introduction Small States in International Relations, Vital, 77-88 Compendium: Elman, The Foreign Policies of Small States: Challenging Neorealism in its Own Backyard, British Journal of Political Science, v. 25 (1995): 171-190; Papadakis and Starr, Opportunity, Willingness, and Small States: The Relationship between Environment and Foreign Policy, in New Directions in the Study of Foreign Policy (Allen and Unwin, 1987): 409-431; Paul Sutton, What are the Priorities for Small States in the International System?, The Round Table, 351 (1999): 397-402; Christopher S. Browning, Small, Smart and Salient? Rethinking Identity in the Small States Literature, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19:4 (2006): 669-684 Session 5: Topic: Small States, Alliances and Collective Security Small States in International Relations, Reiter, 231-272 Compendium: Väyrynen, Small States: Persisting Despite Doubts, in The National Security of Small States in a Changing World (Frank Cass, 1997): 41-71; Jeremy W. Lamoreaux and David J. Galbreath, The Baltic States as 'Small States': Negotiating the 'East' by Engaging the 'West', Journal of Baltic Studies, 39:1 (March 2008): 1-14 (See session 3) Session 6: Topic: Neutrality: Cold War and After Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour, Ch. 6 Compendium: Karsh, Historical Development of the Concept of Neutrality, in Neutrality and Small States (Routledge: 1988): 13-29, 137-165 Session 7: Topic: Small States and International Security Compendium: Kabilan Krishnasamy, Bangladesh and UN Peacekeeping: The Participation of a 'Small' State, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, vol. 41, no. 1 (2003): 24-47; Barry Bartmann, Meeting the Needs of Microstate Security, The Round Table, 365 (2002): 361-374; Alex Vines, Combatting Light Weapons Proliferation in West Africa, International Affairs, 81:2 (2005): 341-360; Raymond Hinnebusch, The Iraq War and International Relations: Implications for Small States, 3
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19:3 (September 2006): 451-463; Dov Lynch, Separatist States and Post-Soviet Conflicts, International Affairs, 78:4 (2002): 831-848 Session 8: Topic: Small State Great Power Relations Small States in International Relations, Baker Fox, 39-54; Handel, 149-192 Compendium: Keohane, The Big Influence of Small Allies, Foreign Policy (1971): 161-182; John Lowenhardt, Ronald Hill and Margot Light, A Wider Europe: The View from Minsk and Chisinau, International Affairs, 77:3 (2001): 605-620; Roy Allison, Russia Resurgent? Moscow's Campaign to 'Coerce Georgia to Peace', International Affairs, 84:6 (2008): 1145-1171 Session 9: Topic: Small States and International Institutions Small States in International Relations, Ingebritsen, 273-285 Compendium: Harbert, The Behaviour of the Ministates in the UN, International Organizations (1976): 110-127; Donna Lee and Nicola Smith, The Political Economy of Small African States in the WTO, The Round Table 97:395 (April 2008): 259-271; Paul Sutton, Small States and The Commonwealth, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 39:3 (2001): 75-94. Session 10: Topic: Small States in the European Union Small States in International Relations, Thorhallsson, 218-227 Compendium: Baldur Thorhallsson and Anders Wivel, Small States in the European Union: What Do We Know and What We Would Like To Know, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19:4 (December 2006): 651-668; Teija Tiilikainen, Finland: An EU Member with a Small State Identity, European Integration, 28:1 (March 2006): 73-87; Moosung Lee, The Small State Enlargement of the European Union: Dangers and Benefits, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 5:2 (2004): 331-355 Session 11: Topic: Small States in the Developing World Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour, Chs. 2-4 Compendium: Harvey Armstrong and Robert Read, Geographical 'handicaps' and Small States: Some Implications for the Pacific from a Global Perspective, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47:1 (April 2006): 79-92 4
Suggested reading: Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour, Chs. 7-9 Session 12: Topic: Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Compendium: Robert Read, Foreign Direct Investment in Small Island Developing States, Journal of International Development, 20 (2008): 502-525; Godfrey Baldacchino, The Beak of the Finch: Insights into the Economic Development of Small Economies, The Round Table, 98:401 (April 2009): 141-160; E. Kathy Stuart, Energizing the Island Community: A Review of Policy Standpoints for Energy in Small Island States and Territories, Sustainable Development, 14 (2006): 139-147 Session 13: Topic: Small States and Globalization Compendium: Mehmet, Globalization and Sustainability of Small States, Humanomics (2003): 45-57; Nielsen and Kesting, Small is Relisient: The Impact of Globalization on Denmark, Review of Social Economy (2003): 365-384 Session 14: Topic: Danish Foreign Policy (compared and contrasted with Canada) Re-visit the chapter on norm entrepreneurs by Ingebritsen in Small States in International Relations; Gorm Rye Olsen and Jess Pilegaard, `The Costs of Non-Europe: Denmark and the Common Security and Defence Policy,` European Security 14 (3): 339-360. (Find on AULA site, Documents > Readings > Session 11); Online: Hans-Henrik Holm, Danish Foreign Policy Activism: The Rise and Decline, (http://www.djh.dk/pdf/forskning/decline.pdf) Compendium: Tonra, Danish Foreign Policy, and The Foreign Policies of the Netherlands, Denmark and Ireland, in The Europeanization of National Foreign Policy: Dutch, Danish and Irish Foreign Policy in the EU (Ashgate, 2001): 127-139 Session 15: Topic: Conclusions Small States in World Politics: Explaining Foreign Policy Behaviour, Ch. 10 Small States in International Relations, Ingebritsen, 286-292 5