IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT

IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT

Sv fhe same author COLOUR PREJUDICE IN BRIT AIN THECOLOURPROBLEM POSTW AR IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA MIGRATION AND RA CE RELATIONS IN AN ENGLISH CITY READINGS IN RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS (editor) ADJUSTMENT OF IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS (with W. E. Kalbach)

ImUligration and Ethnic Conflict Anthony H. Richmond Professor of Sociology York University, Toronto Palgrave Macmillan

ISBN 978-1-349-19019-5 ISBN 978-1-349-19017-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-19017-1 Anthony H. Richmond 1988 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1988 All rights reserved. For information, write: Seholarly & Referenee Division, St. Martin's Press, Ine., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 First published in the United States of Ameriea in 1988 ISBN 978-0-312-01159-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publieation Data Riehmond, Anthony H., 1925- Immigration and ethnie conflictjanthony H. Riehmond p. em. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-01159-8: $30.00 (est.) 1. Canada-Immigration and emigration. 2. Racism-Canada. 3. Canada-Raee relations. 4. Australia-Immigration and emigration. 5. Racism-Australia. 6. Australia-Race relations. I. TitIe. JV7225.R533 1988 87-16119 304.8/71-dc19 CIP

Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface and Acknowlegements VI vii 1 Introduction: Ethnic Conflict and Post-Industrialism 1 PART I IMMIGRATION 2 Structural Change and the Sociology of Migration 29 3 Socio-Cultural Adaptation and Conflict in Immigrant- Receiving Societies 49 4 Immigration and Unemployment in Canada and Australia 67 5 Third World Immigrants in Canada 81 PART II RACISM AND MULTICULTURALISM 6 Environmental Conservation and Immigration: A New Racist Ideology? 95 7 Canadian Unemployment and the Threat to Multiculturalism 107 8 A Canadian Dilemma: Bilangualism, Multiculturalism or Racism? 125 PART III ETHNIC NATIONALISM 9 Ethnic Nationalism: Social Science Paradigms 10 Ethnic Nationalism and Post-Industrialism End-notes Glossary of Terms Select Bibliography and References Name Index Subject Index 141 167 183 187 191 209 223 v

List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Conflict in post-industrial societies 6 2.1 Model of conflict, order and change 43 4.1 Canada: numbers unemployed, percentage unemployment and number of immigrants destined to the labour force, 1951-65 69 4.2 Canada: numbers unemployed, percentage unemployment and number of immigrants destined for the labour force, 1966-82 70 4.3 Australia: numbers unemployed, percentage unemployment and number of im mi grants destined for the labour force, 1966-82 71 5.1 Immigration to Canada by region, 1971-82 82 5.2 Immigration to Canada by world area, 1983 83 5.3 Third world immigrants in Canada, 1981 84 10.1 Power, legitimation and social integration 169 10.2 Power and legitimacy in a Gemeinschaft society 170 10.3 Power and legitimacy in a Gesellschaft society 171 10.4 Power and legitimacy in a Verbindungsnetzschaft society 174 Tables 4.1 Percentage of labour force unemployed, 1971, and index of unemployment by sex and birthplace for 'rest of Canada' and Australia 72 4.2 Percentage and index of unemployment by sex and birthplace for Metropolitan Toronto and Melbourne, 1971 74 4.3 Indexes of unemployment for foreign-born, by sex and period of immigration for 'rest of Canada' and Australia 76 4.4 Longitudinal survey data re-analysis: percentage unemployed by length of residence in Canada 78 VI

Preface and Acknowledgements I wish to thank colleages, staff, and students at York University, Toronto, who, for more than twenty years, have provided intellectual and practical support in my various research endeavours and the Social Science Research Council of Canada which funded many of the projects. I also appreciated the invitation to spend a sabbatical, 1984-85, at St Antony's College, Oxford where Professor Kenneth Kirkwood's weekly seminar on Race Relations provided a stimulating forum for discussion. I am indebted to my wife for valuable editorial assistance in the preparation of this volume. The following acknowledgements are due: Chapter 2 is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the meetings of the International Sociological Association, Research Committee on Migration, held in Dubrovnik, June 1985. Chapter 3 was first commissioned by UNESCO and is reprinted by permission from International Social Science Journal, 1984, (36), 519-86. Chapter 4 is reprinted by permission from International Journal o[ Comparative Sociology, 1984, (24),243-45. Chapter 5 is a revised version of a paper first presented at a the CICRED/ICM Joint Meeting on International Migration, held in Geneva, June 1984. Chapter 6 is reprinted, with permission from the Smithsonian Institution, from R. S. Bryce-Laporte (ed.), Sourcebook on the New Immigration: Implications for the United States and the International Community (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1980). Chapter 7 is reprinted with permission from Journal of Canadian Studies, 1982, (17), 81-90. Chapter 8 is a revised version of a paper presented at the meetings of the British Association of Canadian Studies, held in Edinburgh, April 1985. V\l

Vlll Preface and Acknowledgements Chapter 9 was originally commissioned by UNESCO, Division of Human Rights and Peace in 1984, and is printed with permission. Chapter 10 is reprinted with permission from Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1984, (7), 4-18. ANTHONY H. RICHMOND