APGAP Reading Quiz 3C #2 FEDERALISM! O Connor, Chapter 3 1. Federal programs and federal officials perceptions of national needs came to dominate the allocation of federal grants to the states during the a. time of the Marshall Court. b. the period immediately following the Civil War. c. the 1960 s and 1970 s. d. the Reagan and Bush administrations. this has never happened. 2. The difference between a mandate and a condition-of-aid is that a. with a mandate the federal government tells a state government what it must do if it wants grant money. b. a mandate applies to a block grant; a condition of aid applies to a categorical grant. c. a mandate applies to a categorical grant; a condition of aid applies to a block grant. d. with a mandate it makes no difference who is paying the costs of a program, it must be implemented by the state. e. under a mandate, the federal government assumes all costs of a program. 3. A categorical grant is a transfer of federal funds designed for a. the private sector. b. discretionary use by a state. c. specific purposes. d. education. e. programs with matching grants. 4. A block grant is essentially a a. grant that benefits a single, local unit or block. b. group of categorical or project grants. c. reverse grant-in-aid money flows from states back to the federal d. project grant with tighter restrictions. e. an example of revenue sharing. 5. Of the following, which grant-in-aid gives local officials the most wide discretion in determining how funds are spent? a. categorical grants. b. revenue sharing. c. land grants. d. matching grants. e. block grants. 6. Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that a. power is centralized in state and local b. both national and state levels of government have authority over the same land and people. c. there is one federal government and all regional governments are administrative subunits of it. d. power is centralized in the national e. there are three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. 7. Which of the following is NOT an effect of federalism? a. Courts are called upon to be referees, and they gain power. b. It simplifies the governmental system. c. It decentralizes political power. d. It creates more access points to e. ALL of these are characteristics of a federal system. 8. The primary thrust of the original intent and wording of the 10th Amendment is that a. states have certain powers that the national government cannot encroach upon. b. state legislatures have the ultimate authority to determine what a state government's powers are. c. national laws override state laws when there is a conflict between the two. d. the national government can take control of a state government during a national emergency. e. both the states and national government are bound by the limitations in the Bill of Rights. 9. The Supreme Court case of Gibbons v. Ogden a. established the principle of implied powers. b. defined commerce as virtually every form of commercial activity. c. settled the contested presidential election of 1824. d. defined the meaning of the elastic clause. e. established the supremacy of the national 10. In dual federalism, a. there are only two branches of b. the federal government assumes greater fiscal responsibility. c. powers are shared between states and the federal d. the state governments assume greater fiscal responsibility. e. states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres. 11. In cooperative federalism, a. states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres. b. powers and policy assignments of the layers of government are distinct. c. responsibilities are mingled and distinctions are blurred between the levels of d. states are supreme over the national e. both a and b 12. Someone who believes that the elastic clause of the Constitution should be narrowly interpreted is most likely to endorse the concept of federalism. a. dual b. cooperative c. creative d. implied e. competitive
13. Fiscal federalism is a. a sharing of local and national resources practiced in other countries but not in the United States. b. the distinct separation of national government spending versus state and local government spending. c. the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system. d. the federal income tax. e. the federal government's regulation of the money supply and interest rates. 14. Federalism is advantageous for democracy for each of the following reasons EXCEPT a. allows customization of policies for local needs. b. allows more opportunities for political participation. c. allows for a greater diversity of opinion to be reflected in public policies. d. increases access to e. increases the number of decisions and compromises made at the national level. 15. Grants for specific programs distributed according to community demographic factors, such as population or income, are a. formula grants. b. project grants. c. revenue sharing grants. d. categorical grants. e. block grants. 16. Which of the following best illustrates a use of the elastic clause? a. The Supreme Court allows a lower court ruling to stand by refusing to hear an appeal. b. A Congressional committee prevents the full chamber from voting on legislation by delaying a report. c. Congress passes legislation establishing a national speed limit. d. A member of the House of Representatives introduces a bill to increase the federal income tax. e. A governor issues an executive order requiring all state employees to submit to random drug testing. 17. Which of the following best describes the theory of federalism known as cooperative federalism? a. The federal government and the states each have separate and mutually exclusive roles and responsibilities; neither controls the other. b. The states have some powers reserved to them, which they may exercise if the Supreme Court permits. c. The federal government and the state have separate but overlapping powers; where these powers conflict the federalgovernment prevails. d. The states may only exercise those powers delegated to them by Congress. e. The federal government may exercise only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution. 18. The Supreme Court s interpretation of the commerce clause has generally served to a. preserve states rights. b. increase national power. c. have no consistent effect on national and state power. d. leave the balance of power between the national and state governments unchanged. e. decrease national power. 19. The partial impact of the 1994 Republican Revolution on federalism was: a. The strengthening of the power of the national government b. The return to the strict separation between national and state responsibilities. c. The acceleration of the ongoing shift of power back to the d. The turn-about as prosperous states give grants to an indebted national e. A Supreme Court that has a broad view of the elastic clause and commerce clause. 20. Revenue sharing a. had to be used in specific policy areas only. b. was begun in the 1860 s under Dual Federalism. c. had virtually no strings attached to federal aid programs. d. was ruled illegal by the Republicans in 1995. e. was revived by President Clinton and became the centerpiece of his Permissive Federalism. 21. All of the following are true about unfunded mandates except a. They are requirements that the national government places on the states without granting the states the funds to carry out the requirement. b. They force the states to pay for the policies they may not want. c. They are strongly criticized by state and local officials. d. They were declared illegal unless passed by a majority vote of congress. Did you read about the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act? (UMRA) e. They generally gave states the freedom to spend federal funding as they wish 22. An important distinction between a categorical grant and a block grant is that a. states must provide matching funds for a block grant. b. states have more freedom in determining how to use block grants. c. block grants are more numerous than categorical grants. d. categorical have comparatively few restrictions. e. block grants are targeted to very specific program goals 23. Most of the influence that the national government has over the states comes in the form of a. grants-in-aid. b. revenue sharing. c. block grants. d. applications of the full faith and credit clause. e. the 10 th amendment. 24. To what does the term new federalism refer? a. The national government s regulation of state action through grants-in-aid. b. The period from 1866-1933; also known as cooperative federalism. c. The efforts of Nixon and Reagan to return more policy making discretion to the d. The recent emergence of local governments as significant political actors. e. The era of President Clinton
25. Which of the following reflect the devolution of federal power? a. An increase in the number of categorical grants to the b. An increase in the number of unfunded mandate to the c. Executive orders increasing the size of the bureaucracy. d. The Supreme Court broadly interpreting the elastic clause of the Constitution. e. the increase of block grants given to the 26. Of the following, American Federalism has been influenced most by: a. a system of checks and balances among the three branches b. the Articles of Confederation c. acts of Congress d. the U.S. Supreme Court e. laws passed by the individual states in the areas of concurrent powers 27. The theory behind the shift from categorical grants to block grants was to a. give the federal government greater control over the money going to the b. let Congress impose new conditions on grants. c. allow the states and local governments to make their own policy decisions. d. eliminate all funding for welfare programs. 28. A concurrent power is a. shared by the president and Congress. b. shared by the governors and the president. c. shared by the House and Senate. d. reserved for the 29. The power of the federal government was expanded by the following Supreme Court decisions: I. McCullough v. Maryland II. Marbury v. Madison III. U.S. v. Lopez IV. Gibbons v. Ogden a. I and II only b. I, II and III only c. I, II and IV only d. I, II, III and IV 30. The Clean Air Act of 1970 was an example of a. a decision by the federal courts that imposed strict spending limits on the b. Congress attaching conditions of aid to federal funds to the c. A federal agency requiring the states to take action. d. Congress imposing a financial burden on the states but not providing funding. 31. The fact that a driver's license from one state is valid in other states is an example of which of the following? a. cooperative federalism b. privileges and immunities clause c. extradition clause d. implied powers 32. Which of the following is true about the decision in the Supreme Court case of Gibbons v. Ogden? a. The court established the principle of implied powers. b. The court established the supremacy of the national c. The court defined the meaning of the elastic clause. d. Gibbons v. Ogden did all of the above THROWN OUT.. can you tell why? 33. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have had which of the following impacts on federal power? a. Federal power has declined. b. The attacks had no noticeable impact on federal power. c. Federal power has been eliminated. d. Federal power has increased. e. The terrorist attacks had no impact on federal power. 33. The commerce clause has been used to justify federal regulation of which of the following a. acts of violence against women b. state highways c. the stock market d. civil rights & segregation e. all of the above 34. Which of the following presidential candidates ran for President with a specific promise to voters to devolve power to the states? a. Ronald Reagan b. Barack Obama c. Lyndon B. Johnson d. Richard Nixon e. Franklin D. Roosevelt 35. George W. Bush campaigned for President in 2000 in part by promising what in regard to federalism? a. Taking power away from the states in determining whether a woman had a right to choose abortion. b. Taking power away from the states concerning welfare programs. c. Expanding federal power over education. d. Limiting the power of the federal e. Expanding the power of the federal 36. The answer to Question 35 is ironic because a. Bush moved to make abortion illegal. b. Bush moved to make the administration of welfare programs more of a federal concern. c. Bush limited the power of the federal government in regard to education. d. Bush greatly expanded the power of the federal
37. Federal funding for the interstate highway system is an example of a. cooperative federalism. b. dual federalism. c. a unitary system of d. national federalism. e. tripartite federalism. THROWN OUT.. can you tell why? 38. Of the following, federal regulation of state governments today is most commonly accomplished through a. U.S. Supreme Court decisions. b. attaching conditions to grants it gives them. c. direct, executive orders. d. Presidential decrees. e. federalization of a state's national guard. 39. President Clinton differed from most of his Democratic predecessors during his second term in office by suggesting that the national government a. should guide and encourage states but not command them in terms of national policy. b. should continue to centralize its power. c. has no proper role in state or local issues. d. should use its grants as a way to force the states to implement national policy. e. is not needed for any major policy endeavors 40. Which of these was a principle established in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland? a. The national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its enumerated powers. b. The national government can use the commerce clause to expand its powers. c. State governments are forbidden spending more money than they raise each year, while there is no such requirement on the national d. State laws preempt national laws in areas of concurrent powers. e. The state governments are supreme to the national government in all cases. It s NOT E can you tell why? (This was on your Practice Exam in another form.) 41. The enumerated powers of Congress and the national government are those a. involving taxes, spending, and fiscal policy. b. requiring ratification by the c. not specifically spelled out in the Constitution, but nonetheless acknowledged. d. set out in the first ten amendments. e. specifically spelled out in the Constitution. 42. Federal policies to regulate food and drugs, build interstate highways, protect consumers, try to clean up dirty air and water, and do many other things are all justified as of Congress. a. enumerated powers b. reserved powers c. constitutionally specified powers d. implied powers e. categorical grants 43. The Supreme Court case of Printz v. U.S. a. declared attempts to regulate handguns as unconstitutional. b. denied Congress the power of regulating guns in school zones. c. enhanced the powers of Congress by expanding its interpretation of the commerce clause. d. affirmed the provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. 44. Which of the following statements about the government of the United States is correct? a. Prior to the ratification of the Constitution, the United States had a unitary system of b. The United States government was previously a confederacy. c. Prior to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, the United States had a federal system of d. The United States has never had a federal system of e. None of the above statements is correct. 45. Under the U.S. Constitution, only the national government is allowed to a. make and enforce laws. b. levy taxes. c. borrow money. d. establish and maintain courts. - the states can do all of these things 46. The constitutional requirement that the states return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment is known as a. full faith and credit. b. the elastic clause. c. privileges and immunities. d. the commerce clause. But do you know what it IS called? 47. Which of the following would be an implied power of Congress? a. levying taxes b. coining money c. maintaining an army d. declaring war But do you know what some ARE? 48. An example of an enumerated power of Congress would be a. levying taxes. b. requiring states to provide disability access. c. banning certain types of assault rifles. d. opening each Senate session with prayer. e. allowing members of Congress to receive free mailing services. 49. All of the following are examples of how federalism decentralizes our policies except a. environmental regulations b. gun control c. the War on Terror d. welfare e. the death penalty Do you know WHY?
50. Which of the following sets of issues represents policy prerogatives that belong to the states? a. marriage and divorce, civil rights and drinking ages b. sexual behavior, licensing of drivers, drinking ages c. licensing of drivers, voting eligibility age, sexual behavior d. voting eligibility age, death penalty, marriage and divorce sets represents a set of policy prerogatives that belong to the states Some of the others answers include some reserved for the states, but also include concurrent powers or powers of the federal govt. 51. Of the following, which best matches your reaction to taking this Reading Quiz? a. Dear (insert name of college here), I am writing to explain my grade in AP U.S. Government & Politics. b. Well, here s one more thing I can be over. c. I wonder if Jack-in-the-Box is hiring? d. You know, after the first twenty or so F s on a Reading Quiz, you don t really even feel bad about failing anymore! e. Goodbye UCLA... Hello Hip-Hop Clown School! f. Spring Break! g. Well, I have no idea what any of that was about, but at least I got to play with Play-Doh! h. I still have no idea what Mr. Anderson was doing with the circles and the Play-Doh! what that whole Play-Doh thing was about. i. Wow all that time I spent on MySpace didn t help at all with this Reading Quiz! Weird! j. You know, rather than accept that I really need to press-in during these final months of high school and accept that I am not entitled to an outstanding grade in my difficult classes and that I must earn one through, consistent, focused, effort, I think I m just going to hate Anderson instead yeah, that definitely feels better! k. You know, after eight months/20 months of being Mr. Anderson s student I m still impressed that he cares enough about me and my education to keep me from slacking into my senior year and by measuring my ability with a rigorous quiz like this. I know Mr. Anderson has outwardly seemed a little less enthusiastic about the Class of 2009 lately, but now that I see this quiz, I know that deep, deep down inside that black heart of his he still adores us. I mean, this quiz just shouts out LOVE, its rigor gives me images of Mr. Anderson standing at the front of the class making the outline of a heart with his stubby, little fingers and, with a tear in his eye, mouthing You complete me! l. Wow, all that studying sure paid off! Now I m going to get an A on this quiz! Life just couldn t get any better than this! College of my dreams, here I come! Suhhhhhhweeeeeeet! m. Wow, Mr. Anderson is so good looking! Mrs. Anderson is one lucky woman! (Note: The correct answer is either k or l. Were you able to choose these responses? If you studied and reviewed this material that we ve been working on for three weeks, then answers a.-i. and j. should not apply to you. Answer m. is not only incorrect, but will require me to refer you for a psychiatric evaluation.)