1. Enduring Understanding: Laws established by the early Ottoman Empire continue to influence our world today. H.6.8.8 H.6.8.15 E.9.8.1 Eighth Grade Pacing Guide First Nine Weeks 1. Essential Question: How do the laws established by the early Ottoman Empire influence our world today? Investigate the influence of the Ottoman Empire 2A. Essential Question: What were the political, economic, and social impacts of the Renaissance on Western Europe? Discuss societal changes resulting from pandemics (e.g., bubonic plague/black Death, small pox, tuberculosis, influenza, polio, HIV-AIDS) Investigate functions of early banking systems (e.g., depository, usury, just price) 2B. Essential Question: Where did the centers of the Renaissance develop? 2. Enduring Understanding: New intellectual and artistic Ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the Modern World. H.6.8.36 G.2.8.1 H.6.8.37 G.2.8.2 G.2.8.3 Describe the development of the Renaissance 2C. Essential Question: What were the artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas of the Renaissance? Analyze the work of writers and artists as examples of cultural heritage from communities around the world Examine contributions of Renaissance writers and artists including, but not limited to Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, da Vinci Research the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds (e.g., de Medici, Emperor Meiji, Matthew Perry, Saladin the Great) 2D. Essential Question: What new technologies have created opportunities and challenges? Examine cultures to determine the level of assimilation and cultural exchange brought about by technological advances: printing press, telegraph, railroad, radio, television, Internet 1
3. Enduring resistance to the dominance of the Catholic Church led to the Reformation, which resulted in the birth of new political and economic institutions. 4. Enduring contributions of the early scientists brought about change. 5. Enduring expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia as well as migration to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns. H.6.8.3 H.6.8.4 H.6.8.5 Examine Catholic Church policies that led to the Protestant Reformation (e.g., Great Schism, French papacy, indulgences, simony, lay investiture) Investigate Protestant reformers: Martin Luther, Henry VIII, John Calvin Describe the Counter reformation (e.g., Jesuits, Council of Trent, Inquisition) 4. Essential Question: Who were the major contributors to the Scientific Revolution? Identify major contributors of the Scientific Revolution (e.g., Muhammad Al- H.6.8.9 Khwarizmi, Francis Bacon, Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, Zhang Heng) 5A. Essential Question: Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? E.9.8.5 H.6.8.6 E.7.8.1 Evaluate advantages and disadvantages of global trade Identify new technologies that made European exploration possible (e.g., astrolabe, cartography, caravel, compass) Analyze changing wants and needs of people over time E.9.8.8 Evaluate the interaction of supply and demand 5B. Essential Question: Who were some important explorers and political leaders during the age of exploration? H.6.8.31 First Nine Weeks 3. Essential Question: What were the changing cultural values that led to the problems and issues that resulted in religious reform in Western Christianity? Illustrate the routes of European explorers during the Age of Exploration including, but not limited to Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco da Gama, Vasco Nun ez de Balboa, Bartolomeu Dias 2
5. Enduring expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia as well as migration to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns. G.1.8.3 G.1.8.4 G.1.8.1 G.1.8.2 Construct specialized maps using data (e.g., climate, population, political units, resources) Locate specific places on maps and globes using grid points (longitude and latitude ) Analyze the importance of the following navigation systems on the development of world civilizations: Amazon River, Mississippi River, Panama Canal, Rhine River, Suez Canal, Thames River, Volga River Analyze a physical map or global projection created by geographer s tools (e.g., astrolabe, compass, sextant, Global Positioning System [GPS], Geographic Information Systems, [GIS], LAND SAT, Internet) Analyze the influence of Earth s physical features on the development of regions of G.1.8.5 the world 5D. Essential Question: What was the effect of European migration and settlement on the Americas and Africa? H.6.8.11 H.6.8.33 H.6.8.35 E.7.8.2 H.6.8.7 H.6.8.22 E.7.8.7 First Nine Weeks 5C. Essential Question: How do maps and globes reflect history, politics, and economics in Africa and the Americas? Analyze consequences of the triangular trade and the Columbian Exchange between Africa, the Americas, and Europe Illustrate the triangular trade routes that developed in the Atlantic Ocean Compare and contrast historical and cultural maps of each continent (e.g., political boundaries, migration patterns, trade routes, colonization) Analyze the impact of present choices on future consequences Describe the establishment of colonies as a result of the conquest of indigenous people (e.g., Africa, Asia, New World) Discuss the emergence of England as a world power during the Elizabethan period (e.g., Spanish Armada, sea dogs) Analyze traditional, market, and command economies 3
6. Enduring Enlightenment belief that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason influenced the leaders of the American Revolution. H.6.8.12 H.6.8.13 C.5.8.3 H.6.8.2 C.4.8.1 H.6.8.10 C.4.8.2 C.5.8.1 C.5.8.2 C.5.8.5 C.5.8.4 Second Nine Weeks 6A. Essential Question: How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment influence social issues and scientific theories? Investigate influences on modern society of Enlightenment thinkers including but not limited to: John Locke, The Baron de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau 6B. Essential Question: How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies? Examine the influence of Enlightenment ideas on revolutionary movements (e.g., American Revolution, French Revolution, Latin American revolutions, Revolutions of 1848) Discuss struggles to gain rights for citizens in various countries (e.g., China, France, Mexico, South Africa, United States) Compare historical events on a timeline to discover correlations 6C. Essential Question: How are governments created, structured, maintained and changed? Analyze forms of government pertaining to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches: democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, totalitarianism Discuss the rise of absolute rulers and the divine right of kings (e.g., African, Asian, European) Research individuals and their roles in changing governments (e.g., Otto von Bismarck, Mikhail Gorbachev, Abdel Nasser, Juan Peron, Lech Walesa, George Washington, Sun Yatsen) Examine the influence of constitutions used by various nations Research national symbols from other nations of the world (e.g., national flags, statues, monuments) Analyze the influence citizen participation has on government Examine the value citizens of other countries place on voting 4
Second Nine Weeks 7. Essential Question: Why did the spread of Industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerate Colonialism and Imperialism and produce changes in cultural and society? 7. Enduring advancements in technology which produced the Industrial Revolution altered the lives of people in science, medicine, and agriculture. H.6.8.14 H.6.8.16 H.6.8.32 H.6.8.39 G.3.8.1 H.6.8.40 Investigate causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution (e.g., changing technology, mass production, societal changes) Investigate 19th century social and political reform movements (e.g., abolition, education, extension of suffrage, labor movements, rise of socialism, temperance ) Illustrate the expansion of European imperialism : Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America Describe the effects of imperialism and related nationalistic movements (e.g., Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America) Examine effects of push-pull factors on various regions (e.g., disease, resources, industrialization, technology) Investigate Asian-American relations prior to World War II (e.g., Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion, Gentlemen s Agreement, Manchuria, rearmament) 5
8. Enduring Understanding: World War I (1914-1918) which was caused by competition among Industrial Nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy, transformed European and American life, wrecked the economics of Europe, and planted the seeds for a World War II. 9. Enduring Understanding: Although Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy, the Bolshevik Revolution created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R. H.6.8.1 H.6.8.23 H.6.8.17 H.6.8.24 E.7.8.1 Third Nine Weeks 8. Essential Question: What were the factors that produced World War I? Examine ways viewpoints expressed in political cartoons and other primary and secondary source documents have changed policy and public perception Describe causes and consequences of World War I (e.g., imperialism, militarism, nationalism, alliances, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations) Explain the influences that changing technology had on World War I and World War II (e.g., weapons, medicine, transportation, communication) 9. Essential Question: Why did Russia erupt in revolution while fighting in World war I, and How did that lead to the rise of communism? Discuss the Russian Revolutions and the establishment of a communist state (e.g., Bolsheviks, Lenin, Stalin) Analyze changing wants and needs of people over time 6
10. Enduring Great Depression had a world wide effect. E.9.8.3 E.7.8.3 E.9.8.2 E.7.8.4 E.8.8.2 C.4.8.3 Third Nine Weeks 10. Essential Question: How did the Great Depression affect the economies and politics of the countries throughout the globe? Investigate the impact of inflation on the growth and prosperity of a nation Analyze periods of time when scarcity affected economic wants and needs of people in regions or countries Analyze the role of the stock market in the economies of the United States and other countries (e.g., Financial Times Stock Exchange[FTSE], Tokyo Stock Exchange [TSE], New York Stock Exchange [NYSE], National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations [NASDAQ]) Analyze scarcity of productive resources and the need for people to make choices and incur opportunity costs Analyze methods for improving the quality and quantity of human capital and increased productivity (e.g., technology, industrialization, competition, wages ) Discuss the origins of political parties/movements (e.g., Communist Party, Fascist Party, Green Party, Nazi Party, socialist parties, environmentalist movement, human rights movement, feminist movement) 7
11. Enduring Understanding: Aggression by totalitarian powers, the failure of the Treaty of Versailles, and appeasement are major causes of World War II. 12. Enduring Understanding: After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. E.7.8.5 H.6.8.1 H.6.8.26 H.6.8.38 H.6.8.25 H.6.8.17 C.5.8.6 H.6.8.27 Third Nine Weeks 11. Essential Question: What were the causes and events of World War II? Evaluate limited resources of nations and choices governments must make Examine ways viewpoints expressed in political cartoons and other primary and secondary source documents have changed policy and public perception Examine the following battles as turning points of World War II: Battle of Britain, Battle of the Bulge, D-Day, Midway, Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad Examine causes and consequences of genocide and ethnic cleansing (e.g., Armenia, Holocaust, Kosovo, Rwanda) Describe causes and consequences of World War II (e.g., fascism, anti-semitism, Pearl Harbor, atomic bomb, satellite countries) Explain the influences that changing technology had on World War I and World War II (e.g., weapons, medicine, transportation, communication) 12A. Essential Question: What were the outcomes of World War II? Analyze world organizations involved in citizens rights (e.g., Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, United Nations) Identify the functions of post World War II international organizations (e.g., Southeast Asia Treaty Organization [SEATO], North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], Warsaw Pact, United Nations) 8
12. Enduring Understanding: After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. Fourth Nine Weeks 12B. Essential Question: How did the cold War influence conflicts in Eastern Asia after World War II? H.6.8.18 Examine the impact of the Cold War on global relations Discuss the growth of technology resulting from the space race (e.g., artificial H.6.8.21 satellites, computers, new food technologies) Discuss causes and effects of post-world War II conflicts (e.g., Southeast Asia, H.6.8.28 Middle East, Balkans, Sub-Saharan Africa) H.6.8.34 Illustrate the expansion of communism (e.g., Asia, Cuba, Europe, Latin America) 12C. Essential Question: What were the cause and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union? H.6.8.19 H.6.8.38 Discuss the downfall of communist governments (e.g., Soviet Union, Poland) Examine causes and consequences of genocide and ethnic cleansing (e.g., Armenia, Holocaust, Kosovo, Rwanda) 9
13. Enduring Understanding: Both developed and developing nations face many challenges, which include migrations, ethnic and religious conflict, and new technologies. Fourth Nine Weeks 13A. Essential Question: What are some social, economic, and political challenges faced by the contemporary world? Examine changes brought about by the following world leaders including, but not H.6.8.29 limited to: Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, Anwar Sadat, Margaret Thatcher, Mao Zedong Discuss societal changes resulting from pandemics (e.g., bubonic plague/black H.6.8.15 Death, small pox, tuberculosis, influenza, polio, HIV-AIDS) Examine causes and effects of terrorism (e.g., economics, safety and security, H.6.8.30 tourism, patriotism, nationalism, 9/11) G.3.8.2 E.9.8.7 E.9.8.6 E.7.8.6 E.9.8.10 E.9.8.4 E.9.8.9 Analyze the impact of ideas, information, and technology on global interdependence Examine changes in currencies over time and the resulting effect on global trade Analyze exchange rates in a global economy Compare trade-offs among world economic systems Compare and contrast global effects of marketing techniques: advertising, e- commerce Investigate the use of Gross Domestic Product (GDP ) to measure a nation s economic success and standard of living Describe the four types of market structures: monopolies, monopolistic competition, oligopolies, pure competition 10
13. Enduring Understanding: Both developed and developing nations face many challenges, which include migrations, ethnic and religious conflict, and new technologies. Fourth Nine Weeks 13B. Essential Question: What new technologies have created opportunities and challenges? Examine cultures to determine the level of assimilation and cultural exchange G.2.8.3 brought about by technological advances: printing press, telegraph, railroad, radio, television, Internet G.3.8.5 H.6.8.20 E.8.8.1 E.8.8.3 G.3.8.3 G.3.8.5 E.7.8.2 G.3.8.1 E.7.8.1 Analyze methods and consequences of environmental modification on world regions and populations (e.g., acid rain, erosion, clear cutting, desertification, global warming, ozone depletion, strip mining,) Examine reasons for the transformation of world economies in the late 20th century (e.g., technology, communication, transportation, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], resource allocation) Discuss changes in productivity that have impacted global living standards and economic strategies (e.g., new technologies, new organizational methods) Examine consequences of changing factors of production : human resources, capital resources, natural resources, entrepreneurship Analyze changes in infrastructure brought about by globalization Analyze methods and consequences of environmental modification on world regions and populations (e.g., acid rain, erosion, clear cutting, desertification, global warming, ozone depletion, strip mining,) Analyze the impact of present choices on future consequences Examine effects of push-pull factors on various regions (e.g., disease, resources, industrialization, technology) Analyze changing wants and needs of people over time 11