When Jackson wasn t battling Calhoun or his wife, over the Peggy Eaton affair, he was locking horns with Nicholas Biddle, president of the Bank of the United States, over re-charting the Bank of the United States. Jackson hated the bank as he viewed it as being anti-western, monopolistic, and controlled by plutocrats such as Biddle. If he needed any more reason to hate the bank, Clay, who supported its re-chartering, provided it. After Jackson easily won reelection in 1832, he viewed his victory as a mandate to destroy the bank. He slowly withdrew federal funds from the bank and deposited them in his pet state banks, which eventually helped contribute to the Panic of 1837. The panic was fueled by currency issued by wildcat banks that were no longer controlled by the Bank of the United States. Jackson viewed the bank as being unconstitutional and had vetoed a bill that would have re-chartered the bank. Jackson, likewise, was no friend to the Native Americans. He supported the settlers in the south and west who wanted to expand into Indian Territory. He ignored John Marshall s decision in the Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia and proceeded to move the Indians west of the Mississippi River, which resulted in the death of thousands of Indians on the Trail of Tears. VIDEO OBJECTIVES The following objectives are designed to assist the viewer in identifying the most significant aspects of the video segment of this lesson. You should take succinct notes while viewing the video. 1. Analyze the key characteristics of Jacksonian Democracy and the elections of 1824 and 1828. 2. Evaluate Andrew Jackson s views on slavery, women s suffrage, and Native Americans. 3. Integrate the following into an analysis of the growth of sectionalism in the United States during Jackson s presidency: states rights, South Carolina Exposition, John C. Calhoun, Peggy Eaton Affair, tariff issues, nullification, and secession. 4. Analyze Jackson s economy policies through a discussion of the following: Bank of the United States, pet banks, Nicholas Biddle, specie circular, western land sales, and the Panic of 1837. 72
WEB ACTIVITIES These activities are assigned at the discretion of your teacher. They are offered as suggestions to help you learn more about the material presented in this lesson. Activity 1: Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia a. Access and review the following web sites: Documents for the Study of American History: http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/docs/amdocs_index.html Library of Congress Questions for Analyzing Primary Sources: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/studqsts.html Library of Congress. Types of Primary Sources: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/types.html National Archives and Records Administration Document Analysis Worksheets: http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/analysis/analysis.html Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia: http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/docs/texts/cherokee.htm b. Write an evaluation of the Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia document and use the National Archives Written Document Analysis Worksheet as a guide for your evaluation. Activity 2: The Veto of the Second National Bank Bill a. Access and review the following web sites: Documents for the Study of American History: http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/docs/amdocs_index.html Library of Congress Questions for Analyzing Primary Sources: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/studqsts.html Library of Congress. Types of Primary Sources: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/types.html On president Jackson s Veto of the Bank Bill (Henry Clay): http://www.furman.edu/~benson/docs/clay.htm Andrew Jackson s Bank Veto Message http://odur.let.rug.nl%7eusa/p/aj7/writings/veto.htm National Archives and Records Administration Document Analysis Worksheets: http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/analysis/analysis.html b. Compare and contrast Clay s comments on Jackson s veto of the bank bill and Jackson s bank veto message. Use the National Archives Written Document Analysis as a guide for your analysis. 73
PRACTICE TEST After watching the video and reviewing the objectives, you should be able to complete the following Practice Test. Access the Answer Key to score your answers after you have completed the Practice Test. Multiple Choice: Select the single best answer. It will be indicated if more than one answer is required. 1. At the core of the New Democracy was the belief that government should be: A. Highly centralized. B. In the hands of the common people. C. Confined to property owners. D. Left to the well educated. 2. John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a corrupt bargain when he appointed to become : A. John C. Calhoun, vice-president. B. William Crawford, chief justice of the United States. C. Henry Clay, secretary of state. D. Daniel Webster, secretary of state. 3. The Eaton affair s most important political consequence was that it alienated Andrew Jackson from: A. John C. Calhoun. B. Martin Van Buren. C. John Quincy Adams. D. Thomas Jefferson. 4. The nullification crisis of 1832-1833 erupted over: A. Banking policy. B. Internal improvements. C. Tariff policy. D. Public land sales. 74
5. Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that: A. The bank was anti-western. B. An elite moneyed aristocracy controlled it. C. The bank was autocratic and tyrannical. D. It refused to lend money to politicians. 6. Andrew Jackson s administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because: A. The Indians assimilated too easily into white society. B. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy. C. Whites wanted the Indians lands. D. Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands. Essay Questions: 1. Was Jacksonian Democracy really illustrative of democratic principles? Defend your conclusion. 2. Analyze how the various issues of the Jacksonian period reflected the growing problem of sectionalism. How did Jackson respond and were his efforts successful? 3. Compare and contrast the presidential elections of 1824 and 2000. Answers to the Practice Test: The correct answer is indicated first, followed by the objective (s) that correlate with the test questions. 1. B: 1 2. C: 1 3. A: 3 4. C: 3 5. D: 4 6. C: 2 75