CHAPTER 11 POPULATION TRENDS AND ISSUES
DEMOGRAPHY From the Greek Demo = people Graphy = writing/field of study
AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY - HUMAN POPULATION THROUGH TIME
OVERPOPULATION Overpopulation adds to or causes: -global warming -environmental pollution -habitat loss -the sixth mass extinction -over farming -depletion of natural resources -loss of fresh water -loss of arable land -loss of fossil fuels -increased crime -higher risk of epidemics
DISCUSSION HOW SERIOUS OF AN ISSUE IS OVERPOPULATION?
CALCULATING NATURAL INCREASE Birth Rate the amount of birth a year per 1000 people Death Rate the amount of deaths a year per 1000 people Natural Increase the birth rate minus the death rate % Natural Increase the natural increase expressed as a percentage /100 Doubling time - the time it takes a population to double Rule of 70 70/% Natural Increase = doubling time
CALCULATING NET MIGRATION Immigration Rate the amount of people migrating to a country per 1000 people Emigration Rate the amount of people migrating away from a country per 1000 people Net Migration The immigration rate minus the emigration rate
CALCULATING GROWTH RATE Natural Increase plus Net Migration equals the population growth rate
KURZGESAGT IN A NUTSHELL- OVERPOPULATION THE HUMAN EXPLOSION EXPLAINED
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Stage 1 Pre-transition -high birth rates -high death rates Stage 2 Early Transition -high birth rates -low death rates Stage 3 Late Transition -falling birth rates -low death rates Stage 4 Post Transition -low birth rates -low death rates Stage 5 Declining Population -very low birth rates -low death rates
POPULATION PYRAMIDS Early Expanding High Death Rates High Birth Rates Low Life Expectancy Usually in Developing Countries
POPULATION PYRAMIDS Expanding Lowering Death Rates High Birth Rates Longer Life Expectancy Rapid Increase in Population Usually in Developing Countries
POPULATION PYRAMIDS Stable Stable population increase Declining birth and death rates Usually in developed countries
POPULATION PYRAMIDS Contracting Very low birth and death rates Lowering population High dependency ration Usually in developed countries
CALCULATING DEPENDENCY RATIO Dependents people who are not part of the work force, under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 Dependency Load the combined percentage of the population that is not working Dependency Ratio the amount of working people to the amount of dependents
IMMIGRATION Immigration helps solve problems with dependency ratio and dependency load Baby Boomers are aging Canada has a low birth rate Canada aims to have 1% or population immigrate every year
ABORIGINALS Canada s aboriginal population is growing through natural increase Canada now has over 1,400,685 aboriginals This population will continue to grow
CARRYING CAPACITY Thomas Malthus predicted the world would suffer famine, disease and social disorder because of overpopulation The Carrying Capacity of the World is how many people the farms and food production of the world can support Most estimates are between 4 16 billion people carrying capacity The world currently has 7,492,145,321 people
DENSITY Population Density the amount of people per square kilometer Factors that affect population density are: Climate, landscape, resources, soils, vegetation, water, accessibility, government policies, diseases, development, culture, communication Because of Canada s short growing seasons Canada can not support the same population as places with longer growing seasons
POPULATION CONTROLS Contraception or Birth Control Abortion Rhythm Method Education
POPULATION CONTROLS One Child Policy A Chinese government policy that enforced that people could only have one child Some ethnic minorities were exempt and some people could have a second child if their first child was a girl The Iron Fist Campaign sterilized violators of the one child policy Until 1972 people with severe mental handicaps were sterilized in Alberta
DEBATE: WHAT IS THE ROLL OF GOVERNMENT IN CONTROLLING POPULATION?