Facing China as a New Global Superpower

Facing China as a New Global Superpower

Huhua Cao Jeremy Paltiel Editors Facing China as a New Global Superpower Domestic and International Dynamics from a Multidisciplinary Angle 123

Editors Huhua Cao University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Jeremy Paltiel Carleton University Ottawa Canada ISBN 978-981-287-822-9 ISBN 978-981-287-823-6 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-823-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949446 Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents 1 Introduction: Sustainability of Sino-Canadian Partnership... 1 Huhua Cao Part I Changing State-Society Relations and Policy Reforms 2 Corporatist Representation Via People s Congress: An Aspect on the State Society Relationship in Contemporary China... 13 Jing Qian 3 Non-Governmental Organizations in Contemporary China: Development of Community-Based Social Service Organizations... 51 Leslie Shieh 4 A Chinese Approach to Land Rights: How Bo s Chongqing Model Exposed an Economic Reform Program in Crisis.... 67 Kamyar Razavi Part II Canada-China Relations and Chinese Diaspora in Canada 5 Canada s Foreign Policy Toward the People s Republic of China: Continuity and Change Since 1949... 81 Eric Lefrançois 6 The Death Penalty in China and Its Impact on Sino-Canadian Criminal Justice Cooperation... 109 Minxing Zhao 7 The Evolution of Canada s Policy Towards Human Rights in China Since 1970... 125 Charles-Louis Labrecque v

vi Contents 8 Changing Practices and Shifting Perceptions: Chinese Immigrants Integrating into the Engineering Profession in Canada... 147 Hongxia Shan Part III China s Outward Thrust: Hard Facts, Soft Power 9 Building Shanghai as an International City: Exchange of Ideas... 163 Matthew Skogstad-Stubbs 10 Access, Assurance and Acceptance... 171 Adam MacDonald 11 Orbits of Influence: The Sino-Indian Waltz in South/Southeast Asian New Regionalism.... 197 Ajay Parasram 12 Plurality in China s South South Cooperation: The Case of Rice Projects in Mali... 217 Matthew Gaudreau Part IV Literary Reflections on Chinese Identities in a Globalized Context 13 Thinking through Space: Toronto s Chinatowns in Chinese Canadian Fiction... 241 Jennifer Junwa Lau 14 A Vision of Modernity: Menglong Poetry from 1978 1983... 253 Min Yang Part V Conclusion 15 Conclusion: Adapting to a World with China at Its Centre: Reflecting on the Present to Better Engage Our Common Future... 271 Jeremy Paltiel Appendix: Major Events in Sino-Canadian Relations Since 1970... 275

Editors and Contributors About the Editors Huhua Cao is a full professor in the University of Ottawa s Department of Geography specializing in urban geography, with the use of geostatistical methods and geographic information systems (GIS). In recent years, Dr. Cao s research has focused on engaging urban indigenous and ethnic minority people in urban contexts using e-participation methods. He has directed numerous international research projects that have received funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC), the International Development of Research Centre (IDRC), and the European Union and the Government of China. Professor Cao has also written numerous articles and books related to urban and regional development while collaborating with academics throughout the world. The Sino-Canadian relationship is another research interest of Professor Cao. In 2011, he published The China Challenge: Sino-Canadian relations in the twenty-first century with former Senator Vivienne Poy. China Challenge was selected as one of the 20 most important books in foreign policy in 2011 by Embassy Newspaper. vii

viii Editors and Contributors Jeremy Paltiel is professor of political science at Carleton University in Ottawa and was visiting professor at the Department of International Relations at Tsinghua University in Beijing in 2009. He received his B.A. in East Asian Studies from the University of Toronto in 1974, diploma in philosophy from Peking University in 1976, and his M.A. (1979) and Ph.D. (1984) in political science from the University of California, Berkeley. He has published widely on China and its foreign relations. This includes articles on human rights and the Chinese culture, the elite politics of the Chinese Communist Party, Civil Military relations, and Sino-Canadian relations. He coordinated the Chinese domestic background theme of the Canadian International Council s China Working Group and authored two of its papers: Canada in China s Grand Strategy and Structure and Process in China s Foreign Policy Making implications for Canada. More recently, he published Reimagining Canada s Present and Future in the Shadow of China s Rise, the concluding chapter in Huhua Cao and Vivienne Poy eds., The China Challenge: Sino-Canadian relations in the twenty-first century. He is the author of The Empire s New Clothes: Cultural Particularism and Universality in China s Rise to Global Status (Palgrave, 2007), Mencius and World Order Theories (2010), China s Regionalization Policies: Illiberal internationalism or Neo-Mencian Benevolence? (2009), and Peaceful Rise? Soft Power? Human Rights in China s New Multilateralism (2007). In 2014, he was awarded a SSHRC Insight grant in the amount of $425,000 to study Canada s relations with China and the Asia-Pacific. Contributors Matt Gaudreau is a doctoral candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, where he is a member of the Global Food Politics Group. His dissertation research focuses on the engagement of actors from China in the world food system, particularly as they pertain to the highly concentrated seed and processing sectors. Matthew is a Canada Graduate Scholar, Balsillie Fellow, and has studied at Nanjing University, Peking University, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Charles Labrecque is a project manager at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada where he focuses on Canada s foreign policy in Asia, specifically looking at how Canadian provinces engage Asia. He received his B.A. and M.A. in international studies from University of Montreal, and he is a finishing Ph.D. student in political science at Laval University in Quebec City. Prior to joining the foundation, Mr. Labrecque was a research associate at Institut des hautes études internationales

Editors and Contributors ix de Québec where he focused on security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. He has published several articles, both in French and English, on Canada-Asia relations. Jennifer J. Lau is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of East Asian Studies at the University of Toronto completing her dissertation on Chinese writing about Canada in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. She studied English literature and East Asian Studies as an undergraduate at the University of Toronto (2009) and went on to complete her Master s degree research at the National Taiwan University in 2010 with the generous support of the Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship and Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). A former Canadian Studies Graduate Fellow at University College at the University of Toronto (2014), her fields of interest include Chinese Diasporas, Chinese Textual and Print Culture, and Space in Text and Image. Jennifer is also passionate about issues of translation and interpretation and aspires to share her excitement for stories with others in the future. Eric Lefrancois is a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the University of Montréal. Mr. Lefrançois has extensively researched Canadian politics, Canadian foreign policy, and Sino-Canadian relations. His knowledge of Chinese history also helped him research the impact of China s tradition, culture, and philosophy on its international rise. Fluent in mandarin, M. Lefrançois also organized the one of the first international exchange student program between Canadian and Chinese primary schools. M. Lefrançois is also senior advisor at the Research and Knowledge Transfer Office of HEC Montréal. Adam P. MacDonald is an independent academic based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Receiving his masters in political science from the University of Victoria in 2010, Adam specializes in geopolitical developments in the Arctic and East Asia. He has been published in various Canadian and international journals and is a regular contributor to the Asia Times, East Asia Forum, and Frontline Defence. Adam is, also, a full-time regular force naval officer in the Canadian Armed Forces with over 10 years of experience in operations and training at both the operational and tactical levels. Adam, also, is a member of the Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board. Analyzing the study of China s rise in IR theory, military developments in the Arctic, and the ongoing political transition in Myanmar are his current academic foci. Ajay Parasram is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science and the Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University. He was a Social Science and Humanities Research Council doctoral fellow (2012 2014) and a postgraduate research fellow of the Asia Pacific Foundation (APF) of Canada (2008 2009). His dissertation, entitled Becoming the Postcolonial State: territorializing Sri Lanka, examines the geographical, economic, institutional, and religious foundations through which the Western-centric norm of state territoriality became naturalized and displaced indigenous practices of political organization in colonial Ceylon

x Editors and Contributors (Sri Lanka). After earning his M.A. in political science working on issues of South/Southeast Asian regional integration, Ajay worked as a policy researcher for the Government of Canada emphasizing commercial transportation security. After serving a 1-year fellowship at the APF, he joined the Canadians Abroad project, conducing studies concerning Canadian citizenship and immigration policies relating to Canadians living abroad in the West Indies and South Asia. Ajay is an active contributor to independent and mainstream media on issues related to his research broadly defined and is a founding board member of the Ottawa-based not-for-profit One World Dialogue. Jing Qian is a special advisor to the president and a research fellow in residence at the Asia Society Policy Institute. Jing s research focuses on the political dynamics and policy formulation processes of both China s domestic affairs and foreign relations, as well as regional institutionalization of the Asia Pacific Community. Graduating with a Master of Laws with honors from Harvard Law School, Jing served as a research fellow at Harvard Kennedy School since February 2014, working on a major research project on the alternative futures of USA-China relationship led by the Hon. Kevin Rudd. Jing writes and speaks on issues of China s state and society interactions via the legal institutions under the current transitional periods; historical evolvement of China s political and legal reforms; China s foreign policies, particularly the USA-China relations; and the Asia Pacific Institutionalism. Jing is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China, and also holds a LL.B. from China; a LL.M in Law and Society from the University of Victoria of Canada writing on representation, governance, and legitimacy; and is a Ph.D. candidate researching legality and power, with the case study of gap problems within the Chinese Legal System. Kam Razavi is a critical scholar interested in the philosophical and technical relationship between capital accumulation and nature. He is currently working on a Ph.D. at Simon Fraser University. In 2010, he completed a two-year master s program at Tsinghua University in Beijing. His Master s project focused on land rights and urban rural integration in Chongqing. In addition, to these academic pursuits, Kam is a senior television news journalist with 15-year experience producing national and international items for Global News. He speaks five languages fluently, including Chinese and English. Kam lives in Burnaby, BC. Hongxia Shan is an assistant professor in the Department of Educational Studies, University of British Columbia. She specializes in immigrant studies, work and learning, foreign qualification recognition, qualitative research, and gender, race, and class analysis. Her work has appeared in International Journal of Lifelong Education, Comparative Education, Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, Journal of Workplace Learning, Work, Employment and Society, International Journal of Health Promotion, etc. Leslie Shieh holds a Ph.D. in urban planning from the School of Community and Regional Planning at University of British Columbia. The work presented in this

Editors and Contributors xi volume is part of her dissertation titled Shequ Construction: Policy Implementation, Community Building and Urban Governance in China. Her articles on the role of neighborhoods in governance under the context of China s rapid urbanization have appeared in City, Pacific Affairs, and Global Capitalism and the Future of Agrarian Society, edited by Arif Dirlik, Roxann Prazniak, and Alexander Woodside. Matthew Skogstad-Stubbs received his M.A. in Globalization and International Development from the University of Ottawa in 2011. His thesis focused on Shanghai s urban development from 1990 to 2010. Since graduating, he studied computer science and is now working for Parrot SA, a French technology company as part of a team that is developing a smart sensor that updates you on the health and requirements of your plants. Min Yang received her Ph.D. of comparative literature from the University of Alberta in November 2012. She currently works for Sarah Lawrence College. Her research interests include trauma studies, Žižek studies, contemporary Chinese culture, and modern Chinese literature. Minxing Zhao is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Social Sciences at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. He received his Master of Arts in political science from the University of Waterloo in 2010. His recently published book chapters include The USA Patriot Act and the Banco Delta Asia Case in Macao in China s Macao Transformed: Challenge and Development in 21st Century edited by Eilo W.Y. Yu & Ming K. Chan (City University of Hong Kong Press, 2014) and Combating Cultural Heritage Crimes: Recent Developments in China in Creativity and Culture in Greater China: The Role of Government, Individuals and Groups edited by Chi-Cheung Leung & Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo (Bridge21 Publications, 2014).