Concept Note & Programme 57
Lessons Learnt on Anti-Corruption from Korea and Around the World Objective 29-30 January 2015, Seoul, Republic of Korea Holiday Inn Seongbuk, Seoul 2 aims to facilitate dynamic discussions on policies, strategies and institutional arrangements to prevent corruption in the public sector using Korea s recent experience as a reference, alongside the experiences from several countries around the world. The objective is to identify and consolidate lessons learnt for more effective anti-corruption interventions. Serving as a platform for peer-to-peer knowledge-exchange, the meeting is attended by government partners, UNDP practitioners, civil society experts and researchers from Korea and countries around the world, such as: Singapore, Indonesia, Bhutan, Vietnam, Thailand, China, Uganda, Ethiopia, Colombia, El Salvador, and Uzbekistan. The meeting will share lessons learnt and innovations on anti-corruption, and provide opportunities to build partnerships and find solutions to common challenges in the area of anticorruption. Key findings, suggestions and conclusions from the 2015 Seoul Debates will be fed into a study publication afterwards. is organized by UNDP Seoul Policy Centre (USPC) as part of its Development Solutions Partnership on anti-corruption (DSP). The DSP is a new approach for USPC to connect Korea with the wider UNDP network as a knowledge broker and facilitator and enhance the Korea-UNDP partnership on strategic development issues. Background Corruption remains a serious global challenge that impedes development and promotes inequality and injustice. Corruption undermines fundamental human rights, exacerbates poverty, and degrades the environment. It diverts money sorely needed by our societies for health care, education and other essential services. It increases the costs of doing business, distorts markets, and impedes economic growth. According to the World Bank, almost $1 trillion is paid in bribes globally each year. 3 Every year, developing countries lose up to $1 trillion through government corruption, criminal activity, and commercial tax evasion. People all around the world care about this issue. More than 7 million voters in UNDP s global My World survey have ranked honest and responsive governments among their top four priorities for the new post-2015 development agenda which member states will negotiate this year. Fighting corruption is a critical part not only of strengthening accountability and rule of law, but also of ensuring effective and efficient use of financial resources for development under this new framework. Historically, Korea struggled to address various forms of corruption, such as bribery offenses, political corruption, and collusion between politics and businesses throughout the industrialization period. Having made a rapid transition from one of the poorest aid-recipient country to a member of OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), however, Korea has 2 The Seoul Debates is a flagship platform of the for discussion on relevant issues of development policy, on an annual basis. The Seoul Debates 2013 focused on the issues of challenges of the middle-income countries, and the final report is available at: http://www.undp.org/content/dam/uspc/docs/mic-seoul-report-2013.pdf. 3 See UNDP (2008), Corruption and Development: A primer. NY. 58
made significant achievements in tackling corruption as part of its democratization and governance reform processes. In recent years, Korea s successes in improving public service through anti-corruption measures and in innovative tools for corruption prevention have been recognized internationally, and relevant Korean institutions now share Korea s experience and knowledge abroad through various forums and training sessions. At the international level, adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2003, as the sole universal legally-binding instrument created a global standard for fighting corruption and mitigating corruption risks that undermine development effectiveness, and offers a unique opportunity to share experiences and to cooperate on issues directly related to its implementation. On the UNDP side, UNDP s niche and comparative advantages on anti-corruption come from its more-than-two decades of experience on governance as well as its work in more than 170 countries and territories with a dedicated global network of more than 300 governance and anti-corruption focal points. UNDP renewed its commitment to help programming countries prevent corruption with the approval of UNDP s Global Anti-corruption Initiative (GAIN) (2014-2017), which builds on the lessons learnt from the previous anti-corruption global programme (2008-2013). With its longstanding engagement on strengthening institutions and supporting governance reforms, UNDP is increasingly applying its governance approach to preventing corruption by integrating anti-corruption with other areas of governance support such as public administration reform, legal reforms, local governance, youth and women s empowerment, and strengthening civil society and media. In Asia, UNDP s work on anticorruption benefits from UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub as well as from its policy centers in Singapore (Global Centre for Public Service Excellence, GCPSE) and in Seoul (Seoul Policy Centre, USPC). USPC began its work in January 2011 to broker new partnerships between Korea and the developing world through UNDP networks by representing UNDP in Korea and supporting the country in important global development issues. Rationale There is no universal model of successful anti-corruption policies, and knowledge exchange alone does not and cannot lead to direct replication in toto, owing to different political, socioeconomic and legal contexts. Nevertheless, this does not stop us from identifying and sharing experiences and lessons learnt, as to what works and doesn t and why. From this perspective, Korea s anti-corruption experiences together with the experience from various countries regarding corruption prevention policies and reforms in the public sector can provide useful reference points to learn and have a more sound understanding of what works and what does not in different contexts. Proceedings and Expected Outputs will promote a discussion about policies, strategies and institutional arrangements to tackle corruption in the public sector based on Korea s recent experience, as well as experiences from at least 10 countries around the world, in order to identify and consolidate lessons learnt for more effective anti-corruption interventions. The discussion will be organized at two different levels. The first day consists of a high-level policy dialogue, country presentations and thematic sessions, focused on progress and lessons learnt in terms of anti-corruption policy reform and implementation. On the second day, the discussion is organized around as an expert round-table meeting that will look into certain components of Korea s anti-corruption experiences (i.e. policies, strategies, and institutional arrangements), as well as common political and institutional challenges in anti-corruption efforts around the world, so as to draw lessons learnt and to identify opportunities for the implementation of these lessons in other contexts. These discussions will be consolidated into a USPC study paper 59
to be taken forward in the context of the Development Solutions Partnership (DPS) on anticorruption. Expected outputs of the meeting are as follows: 1. Build up a platform of peer-to-peer knowledg e-sharing and consolidation of critical reflections among experts and practitioners on the lessons learnt on effective anticorruption strategies and necessary institutional arrangements, drawing from the comparative experiences of Korea and other countries around the world; and 2. Identify strategic opportunities and means of building partnerships on anti-corruption to facilitate the implementation of the lessons learnt as well as the application of good practices shared in this meeting. Time and Location 29-30 January 2015, Holiday Inn Seongbuk, Seoul, Republic of Korea 60
Opening Opening Day 29 January 2015 09:00-09:05 09:05-09:15 09:15-09:45 Welcome Congratulatory Speech Keynote Addresses Ms. Anne Marie Sloth Carlsen, Director of UNDP Seoul Policy Centre (USPC) H.E. Shin, Dong-ik, Deputy Minister for Multilateral and Global Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea Ms. Kwak, Jin-Young, Vice-Chairperson, Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission of Korea (ACRC) Mr. Haoliang Xu, Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations and Director of the Regional Bureau for Asia and Pacific at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Session 1 High-Level Political Dialogue: Lessons Learnt from Anti-Corruption Institutions Mr. Max Everest-Phillips, Director of the UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence in Singapore (GCPSE) 09:45-11:00 11:00-11:15 <Panellists> Mr. Adnan Pandu Praja, Commissioner, Indonesia Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) Ms. Irene Mulyagonja Kakooza, Inspector General of Government, Uganda Mr. Ang Seow Lian, Deputy Director of the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), Government of Singapore Mr. Choi, Yun-Su, Chief Officer of Anti-Corruption Planning, Anti-Corruption Department, Supreme Prosecutors' Office (SPO), Republic of Korea Ms. Neten Zangmo, Chairperson of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bhutan (ACC) Coffee Break 61
Session 2 The International Anti-Corruption Regime and Lessons Learnt From Development Cooperation in Anti-Corruption Ms. Anne Marie Sloth Carlsen, Director of (USPC) 11:15-12:30 1) Lessons Learnt from Anti-Corruption Strategies: UNDP Experience in Asia-Pacific Ms. Elodie Beth-Seo, Anti-Corruption Advisor, UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub 2) Challenges and Successes of UNCAC Implementation, and Lessons Learnt in the Area of Foreign Anti-Bribery Mr. Shervin Majlessi, Regional Anti-Corruption Advisor, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 3) Learning from Donors in Development Cooperation Ms. Elizabeth (Liz) Hart, Researcher and Consultant; former Director, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre and former Senior Anti-Corruption Advisor, USAID 4) UNDP s Experiences: A Global Perspective Mr. Anga Timilsina, Programme Manager, UNDP Global Anti-Corruption Initiative 12:30-13:45 Lunch (A buffet lunch will be served at the meeting venue.) Session 3 Progresses and Challenges in Anti-Corruption Efforts in Developing Countries Mr. Luc Stevens, UN Resident Coordinator & UNDP Resident Representative, Thailand 13:45-15:45 1) China s Anti-Corruption Efforts: Challenges and Lessons learned Mr. Patrick Haverman, UNDP China Deputy Country Director Ms. Jade Mizutani, Anti-Corruption Programme Manager, UNDP China 2) Fight Against Corruption in El Salvador: Lessons in the Making Mr. Manuel de Jesus Crúz López, Director of the Secretary of Citizen Participation, the Presidency of El Salvador Ms. Laura Rivera Marinero, Program Officer and Transparency Project Coordinator, UNDP El Salvador Country Office 3) Uzbekistan s Anti-Corruption Efforts and Challenges Mr. Bakhtiyor Eshchanov, Head of Department on Modern Public Management of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of Uzbekistan Ms. Aziza Umarova, Programme Officer for Democratic Governance, UNDP Uzbekistan 4) Colombia s Fight Against Corruption: Balance and Challenges Mr. Camilo Cetina, Director of the Presidential Transparency Observatory, Colombia Ms. Blanca Cardona, Team Leader of Democratic Governance Unit, UNDP Colombia 62
<Discussants> Dr. Lee, Chang Kil, Professor, Sejong University, Republic of Korea Mr. Richard E. Messick, Consultant, Anti-corruption and Rule of Law; and former Co-Director, Law and Justice Thematic Group, World Bank. 15:45-16:00 Coffee Break Session 4 Innovations in Anti-Corruption Mr. Shervin Majlessi, Regional Anti-Corruption Advisor, UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 16:00-17:45 17:45 1) Citizen Engagement in Anti-Corruption: Case of Korea in Participatory Audit Dr. Kim, Seongjun, Managing Director, Audit and Inspection Research Institute, Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea (BAI) 2) Measurements and Tech Tools in Anti-Corruption Ms. Hazel Feigenblatt, Managing Director for Research in Washington DC, Global Integrity 3) E-governance Tools for Corruption Prevention in Procurement Systems Mr. Roh, Tae-Hag, Manager, Construction Management Division, Seoul Metropolitan Infrastructure Headquarters, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Republic of Korea 4) Financing Democracy: Framework for Supporting Better Public Polices and Averting Policy Capture Dr. Yukihiko Hamada, Policy Analyst, Public Sector Integrity, Directorate of Public Governance and Territorial Development, OECD <Discussant> Dr. Lee, Sunwoo, Professor, Korea National Open University (KNOU) Conclusions and Closing Remarks Mr. Anga Timilsina, Programme Manager, UNDP Global Anti- Corruption Initiative (UNDP) Ms. Anne Marie Sloth Carlsen, Director of UNDP Seoul Policy Centre (USPC) 63
Expert Group Meeting 30 January 2015 Session 1 In-depth Analysis on Anti-Corruption Experiences and Lessons Learnt from Korea: Panel Discussion Key bottlenecks and challenges experienced in Korea Ways and means of overcoming the corruption challenges Good practices and lessons learnt for developing countries Dr. Chang, Hyun-sik, Professor of the Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University (SNU), and the former Vice President of Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) 9:00-11:10 1) Korea's Experience & Lessons Learned on Corruption Issues Dr. Park, Joonghoon, Korea Institute of Public Administration (KIPA) 2) Survey and Evaluation Mr. Kim, Sang-nyon, Director of Anti-Corruption Survey and Evaluation Division, Anti- Corruption and Civil Rights Commission of Korea (ACRC) 3) Legal Framework and Prosecution Mr. Koo, Seung-mo, Prosecutor, Anti-Corruption Department of Supreme Prosecutors' Office (SPO) 4) Democratic Transitions and Anti-Corruption Dr. Kim, Shin, Korea Institute for Public Administration (KIPA) 5) Civil Society Advocacy in Anti-Corruption: Case of Transparency International Korea Mr. Kang, Sung-goo, Senior Policy Member, Transparency International (TI) Korea 6) Strategies for Sustainable Anti-Corruption Reform: Lessons Learnt from Korea and Suggestions for Developing Countries Dr. Choi, Jin-Wook, Professor, Department of Public Administration and Director of Institute of Governmental Studies, Korea University (KU) <Q & A > 11:10-11:20 Coffee Break 64
Session 2 Lessons Learnt in Anti-Corruption Efforts in Developing Countries Lessons learnt from various anti-corruption approaches and initiatives in developing countries More in-depth discussion of the main challenges of applying anti-corruption measures in developing countries Possible ways and means to better replicate successful approaches and lessons learnt Recommendations for more successful anti-corruption efforts Mr. Patrick Haverman, UNDP China Deputy Country Director 11:20-12:20 1) Key to Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries: Collective Action is Key Mrs. Natalia Pangastoeti Soebagjo, Board Member, Transparency International, and Chair, Executive Board, TI Indonesia. 2) Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: Challenges and Lessons Mr. Pham Hong Nam, Head of General Affairs Division, Research and General Affairs Department, Central Commission of Internal Affairs of Viet Nam (CCIA) 3) Lessons Learnt in Anti-Corruption Projects in Uganda Ms. Annet Mpabulungi-Wakabi, Head/Team Leader of Governance, UNDP Uganda Country Office 4) Lessons Learnt on Anti-Corruption in Thailand Dr. Utis Kaothien, Anti-Corruption Strategy Expert of Thailand National Ant- Corruption Commission (NACC) and former Deputy Secretary-General of the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) <Discussant> Ms. Nurina Widagdo, Head/Team Leader of Democratic Governance and Poverty Reduction Unit, UNDP Indonesia Country Office 12:20-13:30 Lunch (A set lunch will be served at the meeting venue.) 65
Session 3 Applying Good Practices for Tackling Corruption in Developing Countries: Challenges and Recommendations Challenges and lessons learnt from various anti-corruption approaches and initiatives in developing countries Main challenges and pitfalls of applying anti-corruption measures in different contexts Possible ways and means better to replicate and adapt successful approaches Ways and means to create a favourable policy context and to sustain political commitment Institutional measures to influence the political and socio-economic dynamics and to encourage/compel actions for creation of an enabling environment for anti-corruption Mr. Anga Timilsina, Programme Manager, UNDP Global Anti-Corruption Initiative 13:30-15:45 1) Mr. Chrysantus Ayangafac, Governance Advisor, UNDP 2) Mr. Richard E. Messick, Consultant, Anti-corruption and the Rule of Law; and former Co- Director, Law and Justice Thematic Group, World Bank <Discussants> Mr. Ang Seow Lian, Deputy Director of the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), Government of Singapore Ms. Neten Zangmo, Chairperson of the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bhutan (ACC) Dr. Park, Heungsik, Professor, Chung-Ang University, Korea Mr. Dennis Curry, Assistant Country Director, UNDP Viet Nam Ms. Elizabeth (Liz) Hart, Researcher and Consultant; former Director, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre and former Senior Anti-Corruption Advisor, USAID 15:45-16:00 Coffee Break Session 4 Working Group Discussions for Designing a Roadmap on Anti-Corruption Development Solutions Participants will be divided into 3 groups, and will have a focused discussion on the strategic opportunities and means of building partnerships on anti-corruption to facilitate the implementation of the lessons learnt as well as the application of good practices shared in this meeting. 16:00-17:10 <Facilitator> Ms. Ahjung Lee, Programme and Policy Officer, (Discussion questions will be provided by UNDP in advance to the group chairs.) 66
17:10-17:30 17:30-18:00 Session 5 Presentation of the Working Group Discussion Results <Facilitator> Ms. Annamari Salonen, Portfolio Manager, Inclusive Governance, UNDP Bhutan Country Office (Group chairs reporting the conclusions of the group discussion) Summary & Closing Remarks Dr. Choi, Jin-Wook, Professor, Department of Public Administration and Director of Institute of Governmental Studies, Korea University (KU) Mr. Richard E. Messick, Consultant, Anticorruption and the Rule of Law; and former Co-Director, Law and Justice Thematic Group, World Bank Mr. Max Everest-Phillips, Director of the UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence in Singapore (GCPSE) Ms. Anne Marie Sloth Carlsen, Director of UNDP Seoul Policy Centre (USPC) 67