How world events affected Australian immigration.

How world events affected Australian immigration.

The scattering of a population from its traditional homeland, usually due to involuntary (forced or impelled) migration A war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic A widespread scarcity of food caused by several factors including crop failure, overpopulation, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. A branch of government responsible for immigration arrangements, border control, citizenship, ethnic affairs, multicultural affairs

British establish Australia as a penal colony 160,000 convicts were transported to Australia from 1788 to 1800 Australia was seen as an alternative to the Americas after England lost control of America during the War of Independence

Wool and sheep production were vital to the Australian economy Australian government encouraged British migrants to come to Australia. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation, disease and emigration between 1845 and 1852. During the famine approximately 1 million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland, Irelands population to fall by between 20% and 25%

Gold first discovered in large quantities in 1850 near Clunes The population of Melbourne grew swiftly as the gold fever took hold. The total number of people in Victoria also rose. By 1851 it was 75,000 people. Ten years later this rose to over 500,000. First waves of non-europeans. The Chinese came looking to escape war and poverty.

Year Population of Melbourne (excludes indigenous) 1835 0 1840 10,000 1851 29,000 1854 123,000

Kanaka was the term for a worker from various Pacific Islands employed in British colonies, such Queensland in the 19th and early 20th centuries 60,000 Islanders were essentially put into slavery to work sugar cane plantations. Until this time, mainly men had freely come to Australia. Society began to become unbalanced. Australian government gave incentives to woman to immigrate to the new colony

Afghani, Pakistani and Turkish camel handlers played an important part in opening up the continent's interior, facilitating the construction of telegraph and railway lines. The 3000 Afghans played a major role in establishing Islam in Australia, building the country's first mosque at Marree in South Australia in 1882. Over 5000 Japanese Pearlers migrated or were brought to Australia during this period In 1890s, most were expelled as a result of early White Australia Policies.

Created in 1945 during the government of Ben Chifley as part of the "Populate or Perish Campaign, The scheme was designed to substantially increase the population of Australia and to supply workers for the country's booming industries 1945 400,000 registered to take part 1969 alone saw 80,000 migrants

Following success of British migration the Australian government extended a similar agreement with the governments of Italy, Greece and some Eastern European nations. Between 1950s and 1970 over 390,000 Italian and Eastern European migrants arrived in Australia making Italy the second highest country by birth-rate next to the United Kingdom Along with the assisted migration of immigrants Australia saw an influx of refugees fleeing communist regimes on the other side of the Iron Curtain, looking for a better life in Australia.

Following the outbreak of the Vietnam War until its end over 90,000 Vietnamese people were resettled in Australia as part of a United Nations agreement entered into by Australia Vietnamese people were fleeing the takeover of South Vietnam by the Communist North. The Vietnamese Refugees arriving in Darwin was one of the first uses of the term Boat People

On the 7 th December 1975 Indonesia invaded East Timor. Australia provided important sanctuary to East Timorese independence advocates like Jose Ramos-Horta (who based himself in Australia during his exile). The Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1990 and resulted in an estimated 150,000 to 230,000 fatalities. Another one million people (a quarter of the population) were wounded. The civil war created a massive Diaspora. Some 350,000 Lebanese fled the country. Many came to Australia as refugees

In June 1989, a series of protests were staged in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. People, especially students protested over grievances over inflation, limited career prospects for students, and corruption of the government. Following the harsh response from the Chinese government, PM Bob Hawke granted asylum to some 42,000 Chinese students currently living in Australia.

Following to fall of the USSR many former Communist nations experienced unrest and revolution. One of the most violent was the Bosnian War of Independence. This war included instances of genocide and ethnic cleansing. More than 2 million people were displaced and forced to seek refuge in foreign countries Approx 30,000 60,000 Bosnians were resettled in Australia via UN camps

Following Sept. 11 and George Bush s War on Terror there has been increasing conflict in the Arab world. This has displaced many people and made their homelands unsafe for them. Most Arab Australians are migrants or refugees from war torn nations such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan. Iraqi asylum seekers account for a large number of boat people seeking asylum in Australia. 3,492 Iraqis arrived in Australia as refugees following the First Gulf War and a further 6,000 have arrived as a direct result of the Second Gulf War. The Sudanese community is a growing section of Australian society. Since 1983 rebels in the south has killed about 2 million people. The fighting in Sudan has interfered with the production and distribution of food and caused widespread famine. Some Sudanese Australians returned to their ancestral homeland when the conflict officially ended in 2005