Analytical Issues in Latin American Politics Government 390L, Unique number 39120 LAS 384L, Unique number 40610 Tuesday, 12:30 3:30, Batts 5.102 Spring 2013 Professor Wendy Hunter Batts 3.138, 512-232-7247, wendyhunter@austin.utexas.edu Office Hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays 11:00 12:30, and by appointment Course Description This course is a graduate-level introduction to Latin American politics. It is designed to provide students with the theoretical and analytical tools to engage in cross-national study and research of political processes in Latin America. It explores alternative theoretical approaches as well as substantive topics of major importance studied by scholars in the field. Priority will be placed on critically examining the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to understanding political and economic change in the region. The debates and theoretical currents that we will examine have been central not only in the study of Latin American politics but also in the development of the sub-discipline of Comparative Politics over the last thirty years. Books to Purchase Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, by Guillermo O'Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings, edited by Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America, by Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2012. All other readings have been posted on Blackboard. 1
Course Requirements 1. Seminar participation: The success of the seminar will depend first and foremost upon the active engagement of students. Barring extraordinary circumstances, students should always come prepared to discuss and debate the material. You must contact me ahead of time if you plan to miss a session. 2. Two position briefs. Twice during the semester students will write a brief (3-4 doublespaced pages in length) on the readings in response to questions that will be handed out. The same students who write for the week will lead off the class discussion. Students will sign up to select these days. 3. Two short essays. Students will be required to write two short essays (6 8 doublespaced pages) that critically analyze the readings around given questions. These essays must put forth and develop a thesis, not merely summarize/synthesize the readings. 4. Final Assignment: Students will be required to write a final integrative essay (10 12 double-spaced pages) in response to given questions OR come up with a research design for a proposed study. Instructions will follow on the latter. Doctoral students who plan on doing theses on Latin America are urged to consider the research design option. Deadlines and Grade Determination Seminar participation: 20 percent Position papers: 5 percent each (students will sign up for two specific dates) Two short essays: 20 percent each, due on February 29 and April 5 Final Essay: 30 percent, due on May 10 at 3PM You should e-mail the class your position papers by 9:00 am on the day you will present. Please submit the essays to my government department box by 3:00 of the day they are due. I will not accept papers via e-mail. Late papers will be penalized by 1/3 of a letter grade per day. Students with disabilities may request appropriate academic accommodations from the Division of Diversity and Community Engagement, Services for Students with Disabilities, 471-6259, http://www.utexas.edu/diversity/ddce/ssd/ A notice regarding academic dishonesty: You should all be familiar with the UT Honor Code (or statement of ethics) and an explanation or example of what constitutes plagiarism. See the University Honor Code if you have any doubts about what constitutes cheating or plagiarism. 2
SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND READINGS Week 1: 15 January INTRODUCTION No reading. Week 2: 22 January CULTURALISM and the QUESTION OF AREA STUDIES Frederick Turner, 1995. Reassessing Political Culture In Peter H. Smith, ed. Latin America in Comparative Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press. Ronald Inglehart and Marita Carballo. 1997. Does Latin America Exist? (And is there a Confucian Culture?): A Global Analysis of Cross-Cultural Differences. PS: Political Science and Politics (March): 34-46. Carlos Alberto Montaner. 2000. "Culture and the Behavior of Elites in Latin America." In Lawrence E. Harrison and Samuel P. Huntington, eds. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books. Michael Coppedge. 2012. Political Culture and Democratization. In Approaching Democracy: Theory and Methods in Comparative Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Scott Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán. 2007. Why Regions of the World are Important. In Gerardo Munck, ed. Regimes and Democracy in Latin America: Theories and Methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Week 3: 29 January - THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM Fernando Henrique Cardoso. 2009. New Paths: Globalization in Historical Perspective. Studies in Comparative International Development 44, 4 (December): 296-317. Patrick Heller, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Richard Snyder. 2009. Dependency and Development in a Globalized World: Looking Back and Forward. Studies in Comparative International Development 44,4 (December) 287-295. Atul Kohli. 2009. Nationalist Versus Dependent Capitalist Development: Alternative Pathways of Asia and Latin America in a Globalized World. Studies in Comparative International Development 44, 4, (December): 411-434. 3
Erik Wibbels. 2009. "Cores, Peripheries and Contemporary Political Economy." Studies in Comparative International Development 44, 4 (December): 441-49. Barbara Stallings. 1992. International Influence on Economic Policy: Debt, Stabilization, and Structural Reform. In Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Wendy Hunter and David Brown. 2000. World Bank Directives, Domestic Interests, and the Politics of Human Capital Investment in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies 33,1 (February): 113-143. Week 4: 5 February INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF IDEAS AND POLICIES Stephen M. Walt. 2000. Fads, Fevers, and Firestorms. Foreign Policy (November/December): 34-42. Mitchell A. Orenstein. 2003. Mapping the Diffusion of Pension Innovation, in Robert Holzmann, Mitchell Orenstein, and Michal Rutkowski, eds. Pension Reform in Europe: Process and Progress, 171 193. Washington: World Bank. Kurt Weyland. 2005. Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform. World Politics 57, 2 (January): 262-295. Beth A. Simmons and Zachary Elkins. 2004. The Globalization of Liberalization: Policy Diffusion in the International Political Economy. American Political Science Review 98, 1 (February): 171-189. Daniel Brinks and Michael Coppedge. 2006. "Diffusion is No Illusion: Neighbor Emulation in the Third Wave of Democracy." Comparative Political Studies 39: 4 (May): 463 489. Scott Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán. 2007. Why Regions of the World are Important. In Gerardo Munck, ed. Regimes and Democracy in Latin America: Theories and Methods. New York: Oxford University Press. (REVIEW from week 2) Week 5: 12 February - RATIONAL CHOICE 4
Barbara Geddes. 1995. Uses and Limitations of Rational Choice. In Peter Smith, ed. Latin America in Comparative Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press. Barry Ames. 2001. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil. Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan Press. Introduction and Chapter 1. Susan C. Stokes. 2005. Perverse Accountability: A Formal model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina. American Political Science Review 99, 3 (August): 315 325. Simeon Nichter. 2008. Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot. American Political Science Review 102, 1 (February): 19 31. Kurt Weyland. 2002. Limitations of Rational-Choice Institutionalism for the Study of Latin American Politics. Studies in Comparative International Development 37, 1 (January): 57-85. Week 6: 19 February HISTORICAL INSTITUTIONALISM Kathleen Thelen. 1999. Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 2: 369-404. Ruth Berins Collier. 1982. Popular Sector Incorporation and Political Supremacy: Regime Evolution in Brazil and Mexico. In Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Richard S. Weinert, eds., Brazil and Mexico: Patterns in Late Development. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues. Kenneth F. Greene. 2007. How Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico s Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. SKIM Chapter 1 and READ Chapter 6 carefully (pp.1-29; 173-209). Wendy Hunter. 2007. "The Normalization of an Anomaly: The Workers' Party in Brazil." World Politics 59 (April): 440 475. Aníbal Pérez-Liñan and Scott Mainwaring. Regime Legacies and Levels of Democracy: Evidence from Latin America. Forthcoming in Comparative Politics. Week 7: 26 February PATHS TO AUTHORITARIANISM David Collier. 1979. The Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Model: Synthesis and Priorities for Future Research. In David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 363-399. 5
Alfred Stepan. 1973. The New Professionalism of Internal Warfare and Military Role Expansion. In Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies and Future. Alfred Stepan, ed., New Haven: Yale University Press. Kenneth F. Greene. 2007. How Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico s Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 2. Corrales, J., and Penfold, M., 2007. Venezuela: Crowding Out the Opposition, Journal of Democracy 18:2 (April): 99-113. Kurt Weyland. Authoritarian Trends in Latin America: Special Threats from the Populist Left. Unpublished manuscript. **Paper due February 29 Week 8: 5 March DEMOCRATIZATION Guillermo O Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press (entire book). Barbara Geddes. 2007. What Causes Democratization? in Carles Boix and Susan Stokes, eds., Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 317-339. Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way. 2006. Linkage versus Leverage: Rethinking the International Dimension of Regime Change. Comparative Politics 38,4: 379-400. Week 9: SPRING BREAK NO CLASS Week 10: 19 March THE CONSOLIDATION AND QUALITY OF DEMOCRACY Andreas Schedler. 1998. What is Democratic Consolidation? Journal of Democracy 9, 2 (April): 91-107. Guillermo O Donnell. 1996. Illusions about Consolidation. Journal of Democracy 7, 2: 34-51. Guillermo O Donnell. 1994. Delegative Democracy. Journal of Democracy 5, 1 (January): 55-69. 6
Richard Snyder and David Samuels. 2004. Legislative Malapportionment in Latin America. In Federalism and Democracy in Latin America, edited by Edward L. Gibson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Daniel M. Brinks and Sandra Botero. Inequality and the Rule of Law: Ineffective Rights in Latin American Democracies. In Daniel M. Brinks, Scott Mainwaring, and Marcelo Leiras, eds. Notes for the Study of Imperfect and Uncertain Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O Donnell. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, forthcoming. Aníbal Pérez-Liñan and Scott Mainwaring. Regime Legacies and Levels of Democracy: Evidence from Latin America. Forthcoming in Comparative Politics. REVIEW. Week 11: 26 March MARKET REFORMS Javier Corrales. 2012. Neoliberalism and its Alternatives. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. New York and London: Routledge Press. Barbara Geddes. 1994. "Challenging the Conventional Wisdom." Journal of Democracy 5, 4 (October): 104-18. Kurt Weyland. 1998. Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Sources of Popular Support for Neoliberal Reforms in Latin America, Comparative Political Studies 31, 5 (October): 539-568. Kenneth Roberts. 2008. The Mobilization of Opposition to Economic Liberalization. The Annual Review of Political Science 11: 327-49. Andy Baker. "Why is Trade Reform so Popular in Latin America? A Consumption Based Theory of Trade Policy Preferences." World Politics 55 (April): 423 55. Week 12: 2 April DEALING WITH POVERTY AND INEQUALITY: SOCIAL POLICY AND TAXATION Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens. 2012. Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. All chapters but 7. Fernando Filgueira. 2011. Fault Lines in Latin American Social Development and Welfare Regime Challenges. In Merike Blofield ed. The Great Gap: Inequality and the Politics of Redistribution in Latin America. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. 7
**Paper due April 5 Week 13: 9 April POLITICAL PARTIES Kenneth M. Roberts. 2012. Parties, Party Systems, and Political Representation. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. New York and London: Routledge Press. Kenneth M. Roberts. 2002. Social Inequalities without Class Cleavages in Latin America s Neoliberal Era. Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 4 (Winter): 3-33. Cesar Zucco and David Samuels. Crafting Mass Partisanship at the Grassroots, from the Top Down. Unpublished manuscript. Margarita Corral. 2009. Do Parties Listen to the People? Views from the Americas. In AmericasBarometer Insights 12: 1-5. Scott Mainwaring. 2006. The Crisis of Representation in the Andes. Journal of Democracy 17, 3 (July): 13-27. Raúl Madrid. 2008. The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America. World Politics 60, 3 (April): 475-508. Week 14: 16 April REPRESENTATION OUTSIDE OF PARTIES Guillermo O Donnell. 1994. Delegative Democracy. Journal of Democracy 5: 1 (January): 55-69. REVIEW. Kathryn Hochstetler. 2012. Social Movements in Latin America. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Maria Cook. 2012. Labor. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Forthcoming. Daniel M. Brinks. 2012. A Tale of Two Cities: The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in Latin America. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Forthcoming. Sebastian Karcher and Ben Ross Schneider. 2012. Business Politics in Latin America: Investigating Structures, Preferences, and Influence. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Lisa Baldez. 2012. Gender. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Forthcoming. 8
David Pion-Berlin. 2012. The Latin American Military. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. Forthcoming. Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Chapter 1. Beth A. Conklin and Laura R. Graham. 1995. The Shifting Middle Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco Politics. American Anthropologist 97:4(December): 695 710. Week 15: 23 April RISE OF THE LEFT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES Kurt Weyland. 2010. The Performance of Leftist Governments in Latin America: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. In Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter, eds. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. New York: Cambridge University Press. Javier Corrales. 2010. The Repeating Revolution: Chavez s New Politics and Old Economics. In Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter, eds. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. New York: Cambridge University Press. George Gray Molina. 2010. The Challenge of Progressive Change under Evo Morales. In Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter, eds. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. New York: Cambridge University Press. Evelyne Huber, Jennifer Pribble, and John D. Stephens. 2010. The Chilean Left in Power: Achievements, Failures, and Omissions. In Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter, eds. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. New York: Cambridge University Press. Raúl Madrid, Wendy Hunter, and Kurt Weyland. 2010. The Policies and Performance of the Contestatory and Moderate Left. In Kurt Weyland, Raúl L. Madrid, and Wendy Hunter, eds. 2010. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kurt Weyland. Authoritarian Trends in Latin America: Special Threats from the Populist Left. Unpublished manuscript. REVIEW. Week 16: 30 April FINAL REFLECTIONS Barry Ames, Miguel Carreras, and Cassilde Schwartz. 2012. What s Next? Reflections on the Future of Latin American Political Science. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. New York and London: Routledge Press. 9
Jorge Dominguez. 2012. The Blessings of Troubles: Scholarly Innovation in Response to Latin America s Challenges. In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. New York and London: Routledge Press. 10