Grade Eight: US History Semester Two 2015 REVIEW PACKET Student Final Exam Study Sheet Office of Curriculum and Instructional Programs Department of Curriculum and Instruction
Grade Eight US History: Semester Two Student Review Sheet Unit Three: Geographic and Economic Change Shape the Nation: 1815 1850 Application of Principles. You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. Principles of Geography and Economics How does a region s geography impact its economic system? Why do people migrate? What are costs and benefits of economic expansion? How may geography of a region change over time? General concepts and terms. You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. Manifest Destiny B. Jacksonian Democracy C. States rights D. Social Reform E. Industrialization F. Immigration Historical Knowledge I: Geographic and Economic Change. You must be able to explain how each of the following contributed to the development of American political, economic, and social systems throughout the nation. Westward movement into northwest, midwest, and southwest territories Slave based economic system in some regions Expansion of political participation and role of political parties Industrialization how it changed the way people worked and affected people s lives Immigration causes and effects on American culture Historical Knowledge II: National Change Brings Conflict. You must be able to identify and explain how each of the following events demonstrated conflict among regions or cultures of the United States. Missouri Compromise Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears National Bank and Nullification Crisis causes and resolutions of these conflicts Social reform movements, particularly abolition and women s suffrage Questions for discussion and review for Unit Three are on the back of this page. 2
Discussion and Review Questions: Unit Three Why did Americans expand westward? How were different land acquisitions gained? What factors within the U.S. influenced immigration to the United States? How did Americans react to new or different cultures in the U.S., including immigrants, Native Americans, and African Americans? How did belief in Manifest Destiny contribute to American nationalism? How did the expanding economies of the West contribute to economic growth in the North and South? In what ways were the markets of the nation interdependent? Why was President Andrew Jackson considered a symbol of the common man? What was the spoils system? How did changes in political parties and elections reflect the changing demographics of the nation? How did President Andrew Jackson attempt to limit government and protect the interests of the common man? How did belief in states rights conflict with belief in national supremacy? How did President Jackson defend the Constitution and extend the power of the national government? How did industrialization impact the lives of the working class? Why did the New England states experience a greater level of industrialization than other states? What were characteristics of industrialization in the early 1800s? How did social reform movements attempt to change American society? What aspects of American national culture strengthened or weakened the nation from 1815 1850? 3
Unit Four: A Nation Divided and Rebuilt Application of Principles: You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). Shared American Values A. Limited Government B. Rights and Responsibilities C. Equal Opportunity D. Opportunities of a Market Economy Principles of Culture A. Cultural change may be accepted or resisted. B. Culture may unite or divide people. General Concepts and Terms: You must be able to explain and apply each of these terms (that means give an example from today or from the past). A. Popular sovereignty B. Secession C. Confederate form of government Historical Knowledge I: Unity and Division You must be able to identify and sequence each of the following key events, and explain how they contributed to American unity or division. Mexican American War Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act & Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Decision (Scott v. Sandford (1857)) Election of 1860 Secession of Southern States and Formation of the Confederacy Historical Knowledge II: Fighting the Civil War You must be able to explain the significance or role of key events or people that contributed to the goals, strategies, and outcomes of the war. Battles of Fort Sumter The Emancipation Proclamation Leadership of President Lincoln, General Lee, General Grant Historical Knowledge III: Reconstructing the Nation You must be able to explain how much Americans accepted or resisted the cultural changes of Reconstruction, particularly the extension of rights to African Americans. Goals of Reconstruction 13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments, Freedman s Bureau Tenant farming and share cropping Ku Klux Klan, voting restrictions, methods used to limit rights to African Americans Significance of the election of 1876 Questions for discussion and review for Unit Four are on the back of this page. 4
Discussion and Review Questions: Unit Four How are Americans united around shared values? How do differences in interpretation of these values influence American culture? What events between 1840 and 1861 contributed to the division of American culture? How did economic, political and social systems of the nation show evidence of unity and division among the North, South, and West? How did expansion into western lands cause conflict and national debate over the future of slavery in the nation? How did efforts at compromise fail to solve the conflict over slavery in the nation? What role did support for slavery play in the secession of southern states? What were strengths and weaknesses of both the Union and the Confederacy at the start of the war? How did war goals and strategies differ and change throughout the war for the Union and the Confederacy? Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What were the immediate and long-term impacts of the Emancipation Proclamation? Did the Emancipation Proclamation achieve its goal? Why or why not? What were the goals of Reconstruction? What efforts were taken by governments, individuals and groups to meet these goals? Were the goals of Reconstruction met? Why or why not? What new economic arrangements replaced the slave-based labor system of the South? How did these arrangements impact the lives of newly freed slaves? How did governments, individuals, and groups resist the efforts of Reconstruction to extend and protect the rights of African Americans? How did the election of 1876 lead to the end of Reconstruction? What impact did this have on African Americans in the South? 5
Preparing for the DBQ In addition to the content and skills in the previous pages, you must understand and be able to apply historical thinking, source analysis, and advanced writing skills in a Document Based Question (DBQ) essay. Historical Thinking Demonstrate your historical thinking skills in your DBQ essay by: Categorizing Evidence sort evidence to make generalizations Analyzing Multiple Perspectives analyze the ways that people view events and issues differently based on their experiences and culture Evaluating Evidence for Relevance evaluate and select evidence to support a particular point of view Analyzing Historical Interpretation explain how historical interpretation is influenced by the author s perspective, context, and selected evidence Analyzing Multiple Causation analyze the many factors and circumstances that contribute to the development of historical events. Source Analysis Demonstrate your source analysis skills in your DBQ essay by : Analyzing for Content indentify main idea, make inferences, explain limitations Analyzing for Perspective analyze for the purpose, opinions, beliefs, and values of author Analyzing Context analyze how time and place of origin affect content Corroborating Multiple Sources compare multiple sources for similarities and differences to draw conclusions about events Writing Demonstrate your advanced writing skills in your DBQ essay by : Developing an analytical thesis statement Supporting the thesis statement with relevant evidence in a cohesive historical arguement Determining the relevance of evidence presented in documents Defending the thesis statement in a multi-paragraph essay Review the DBQ Criteria for Success on the next page prior to the exam. 6
Document Based Question Criteria for Success Your document based essay should have the following characteristics: Well Developed Thesis Statement valid and analytical (makes a judgment, takes a stand, categorizes and/or demonstrates relationships between events and issues) focuses on the question fully answers all parts of the question Effective Analysis proves a point, doesn t just describe includes supporting arguments that defend the thesis includes in-depth discussion of issues or historical context addresses counter arguments Effective & Sufficient Use of Supporting Evidence includes relevant evidence from at least 75% of the documents considers document authors and perspectives in determining reliability includes substantial and relevant outside historical knowledge all evidence used supports the thesis statement Effective Organization builds the argument logically thesis statement made in introduction sub arguments are introduced with topic sentences conclusion agrees with the thesis Well Written minor errors only that do not detract from meaning TIPS A DBQ should include evidence from the document as well as outside historical information not provided by the documents. Write a thoughtful and analytical thesis statement. The thesis drives the essay! Use the document title or source when citing a document in your essay. Do NOT use the word document or the letter or number of the document.