T H E N E W D E A L
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Brought up in New York by a very wealthy family Always believed he had a duty to serve the public Lawyer, New York state senator, & assistant secretary of the Navy Aug. 1921, FDR contracted the polio virus, and his cold symptoms ended with paralysis below the waist Became governor of New York before becoming President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt What did Americans see in Franklin Roosevelt?
The Election of 1932 Roosevelt Hoover
Relief to provide Americans with immediate assistance to help them with basic necessities of life, including food, direct monetary payments and employment Recovery A policy or program that has its primary goal to promote growth in the American economy Reform A policy or program that was designed to ensure that effects of the Great Depression did not occur again.
The First Hundred Days In the first Hundred Days of his presidency, Roosevelt sent many bills to Congress. Congress passed 15 major acts to help the economic crisis. These programs made up the First New Deal.
Recovery During the FDR declared a banking holiday Emergency Banking Relief Act Banks were inspected and needed a license to reopen if found financially healthy The next day deposits in outweighed withdrawals, ending the banking crisis. First 100 Days
Fixing the Banks & the Stock Market The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - companies that sold stocks and bonds had to be honest with investors. The Glass-Steagall Act depositors money couldn t be risked in the stock market. Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) that provided government insurance for bank deposits up to $5000.
National Industrial Recovery Act Congress set aside $3 billion for public works projects such as building roads, tunnels, and housing projects to create thousands of jobs
Tennessee Valley Authority Built dams along the Tennessee River and harnessed the water for electricity Provided electricity to rural areas, flood control, and new factories & jobs to VA, NC, GA, TN, KY, AL, & MS
Fireside Chats FDR won the support of the people by giving 13 fireside chats on public radio He talked to the people like neighbors and friends and explained the ideas behind new pieces of legislation
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Gave jobs to unemployed young men aged between 18 and 25 years old Planted trees, built public parks, restocked rivers with fish, and other work that helped to conserve the environment. CCC recruits about to leave for Missoula
Fair Labor Standards Act Eliminated child labor Established a minimum wage Women and African Americans continued to be left out
The PWA In 1933 Congress authorized the Public Works Administration awarded contracts to construction companies. Built large construction projects.
The CWA Harry Hopkins, the head of FERA, set up the Civil Works Administration (CWA), which hired workers directly and put them on the government s payroll. The agency built or improved airports, roads, schools, playgrounds, parks, and playing fields.
The WPA The Works Progress Administration (WPA) spent $11 billion over several years, creating jobs for workers. Its most controversial aspect was offering work to artists, musicians, theater people, and writers.
National Labor Relations Act (aka the Wagner Act) Workers allowed to join unions and to bargain collectively with their employers Union membership grew rapidly.
The Social Security Act The Social Security Act became law in 1935. The bill would provided monthly retirement benefit and unemployment insurance after workers paid premiums. Farmers and domestic workers were left out.
Bell Ringer 3/25/2016 The New Deal increased the national debt from $19 billion in 1932 to $40 billion in 1939. Was it worth the cost? Explain and make sure to cite the effects of two specific agencies created during the New Deal.
Direct Relief for Farmers The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) encouraged farmers to burn or plow under their crops in order to raise farm prices. Farmers were paid $1.5 billion in subsidies
National Recovery Administration Established a maximum number of hours a minimum wage abolished child labor guaranteed the right of collective bargaining.
Critics of the New Deal Many objected to the deficit spending FDR used to pay for his programs. The American Liberty League - business leaders and politicians from both parties that opposed the New Deal Democratic senator Huey Long proposed taking property from the rich and dividing it up amongst the poor Dr. Francis Townsend, a former public health official, proposed that the federal government pay citizens over the age of 60 a pension of $200 a month. This would increase spending and create additional jobs for younger people. Women and minorities continued to be underpaid/barred from union membership
FDR Court-Packing Scheme Schechter v. United States - the Supreme Court struck down the NRA. The Court ruled that the Constitution did not allow Congress to delegate its powers to the executive branch. It ruled the NRA codes unconstitutional. In January 1936, the Court declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional. After the election, Roosevelt sent Congress a bill to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court. How did this affect the president?
The Recession of 1937 In 1937, FDR cut spending as the first Social Security payroll taxes decreased paychecks, the economy plummeted and two million people were out of work. New Deal legislation began to get blocked as Congress began to turn against the New Deal. The New Deal era ended by 1939.
Exit Slip 1. Explain the big idea from today s class. 2. List any important details you want to remember. 3. How have the actions of FDR during the New Deal affected life today? 4. Write down any questions that you have about the content.