Where U.S. Immigrants Were Born 1960

Where U.S. Immigrants Were Born 1960 2000 Latin America 9% Canada 10% Asia 5% Other 1% Other 6% Asia 26% Canada 3% Europe 15% Latino 22% Europe 75% Latin America 51%

Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth in California Asia 32.9% Africa 1.3% Latin America 55% Europe 7.9% N. America 1.6%

California s Changing Faces Population Growth (1990-2003) Blacks Asians Hispanics 7.6% 35.9% 49.5% Whites (2.3%) Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Immigrant Magnet States

U.S. Hispanic Population by State CA 31% Other States 31% TX 19% FL 8% NY 8% NJ 3%

Percentage Change in U.S. Population 100 80 60 By Age Group, 2000 to 2025 67% 80% 40 20 14% 14% 0-20 0-17 18-34 -1% 35-54 55-64 65+

2000 2005 9,500 students 20% foreign 108 from China 11,000 students 27% foreign 892 from China

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1880s Eastern Europe Samuel Samuel Goldwyn Goldwyn Louis Louis B. B. Mayer Mayer MGM, MGM, Paramount Paramount MGM MGM Warsaw Carl Carl Laemmle Laemmle Jack Jack Warner Warner Universal Universal Studios Studios Warner Warner Bros. Bros. Studios Studios William William Fox Fox Adolph Adolph Zukor Zukor Fox Fox Films Films Paramount Paramount Pictures Pictures

Immigration Limbo Li Xin, Ph.D. and Qijin Xu, Ph.D. UCLA

Sources: Council of Graduate Schools/National Academy of Sciences/Association of American Universities International students contribute $13B annually to the U.S. economy, yet International applications to graduate schools dropped 32% in 2004. Enrollment dropped 6%. Average wait for delayed visas is now more than 4½ months. 50% of students affected by visa delays were from China.

California s Population Growth Source: U.S. Census Bureau

America is different because of California. Being a Californian is an alternate way to be an American. More than any other state, California is ecumenical, beautiful and culturally diverse. -- Kevin Starr State Librarian Emeritus at the 2004 State of the State Conference

Population CA vs. U.S. Millions 45 40 California (L) United States (R) Millions 360 330 35 300 30 270 25 240 20 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 210 2025

Population Growth CA vs. U.S. Percent Change, Year Ago 3.0 California (L) United States (R) 2.5 Percent Change, Year Ago 1.60 1.40 2.0 1.20 1.5 1.00 1.0 0.80 0.5 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 0.60 2025

California s Racial Breakdown As % of State Total, 2004 Two or More, 1.6% Asian, 11.6% Black, 6.2% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 0.7% American Indian, 0.4% White, 46.6% Hispanic, 32.9%

Mean Household Size by Race/Ethnicity California, 2004 Millions 20 15 Level 4.0 Total persons (L) Total Households (L) Persons Per Household (R) 3.5 10 3.0 5 2.5 0 White Hispanic Asian Black 2.0

Persons by Race/Ethnicity & Nativity As % of Total by Race/Ethnicity, CA 2004 Foreign-Born Race/Ethnicity Native Naturalized Not Citizen Total White 91% 5% 4% 100% Hispanic 56% 10% 34% 100% Asian 36% 37% 27% 100% Black 95% 4% 2% 100% Total 73% 11% 16% 100%

Persons by Race/Ethnicity & Nativity As % of Total Population, CA 2004 Foreign-Born Race/Ethnicity Native Naturalized Not Citizen Total White 42% 2% 2% 47% Hispanic 19% 3% 11% 33% Asian 4% 4% 3% 12% Black 6% 0.2% 0.1% 6% Total 73% 11% 16% 100%

Foreign-Born Persons by Country of Birth & Citizenship Status Top 5 Countries, CA 2004 Naturalized As % of Country Total Number Not Citizen As % of Country Total Country of Birth Number Mexico 874,217 21.7% 3,163,081 78.3% Philippines 381,926 61.6% 237,958 38.4% China 311,067 61.9% 191,835 38.1% Vietnam 351,480 73.4% 127,622 26.6% El Salvador 114,548 29.0% 281,027 71.0% Elsewhere 1,702,220 48.5% 1,804,233 51.5% Total 3,735,458 39.2% 5,805,756 60.8%

Foreign-Born Persons by Age California, 2004 Age Group Total (in Ths.) Percent 0-4 64 0.7% 5-17 719 7.5% 18-34 2,855 29.9% 35-49 3,204 33.6% 50-64 1,626 17.0% 65 + 1,073 11.2% Total 9,541 100.0%

International Immigration Growth CA vs. U.S. Percent Change, Year Ago 150 100 California United States 50 0-50 -100 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03

Foreign-Born Persons by Year of Entry & Citizenship Status As % of Total Foreign Born, California Year of Entry Naturalized Not Citizen Total Foreign Born Before 1975 74.9% 25.1% 1,561,776 1975 1979 71.3% 28.7% 946,091 1980 1985 50.3% 49.7% 1,539,480 1986 1989 37.3% 62.7% 1,148,109 1990 1995 28.5% 71.5% 1,781,572 1996 1999 9.2% 90.8% 1,292,672 2000 2004* 4.9% 95.1% 1,271,514 Total 39.2% 60.8% 9,541,213 * Through March 2004

Immigrants Admitted to California As % Share of Total U.S., 1988-2004 Percent 45 40 35 30 25 20 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04

Immigrants Admitted by State of Intended Residence Top 15 States, 2004 Thousands 300 250 200 150 100 50 Immigrants Admitted - Level (L) Immigrants Admitted as % Share of U.S. Total (R) Percent 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 CA NY TX FL NJ IL MA VA MD WA AZ MI PA GA CT 0

Unauthorized Immigrant Population Average of Estimates, 2002-2004 All Others, 30% CA, 24% NC, 3% IL, 4% NJ, 4% AZ, 5% NY, 7% FL, 9% TX, 14%

Size of Unauthorized Population 2002-2004 Unauthorized Population (300,000-2,300,000) Unauthorized Population (200,000-250,000) Unauthorized Population ( 55,000-150,000) Unauthorized Population (<35,000)

Unauthorized Population As % of State s Total Unauthorized Immigrant Population Percent 50 40 1990 2002-2004 3.9 Million 30 20 10 0 CA NY TX FL IL NJ All Other

Estimated Unauthorized Population As % of Total Unauthorized Immigrant Population, 2002-2004 % Unauthorized (40-54%) % Unauthorized (30-39%) % Unauthorized (20-29%) % Unauthorized (<20%)

Persons Aged 25+ by Educational Attainment & Nativity As % Share of Total, CA 2003 Native Foreign Born Educational Attainment Born Naturalized Not Citizen Not a High School Graduate 8.2 25.0 48.4 High School Graduate 22.9 22.1 18.6 Some College or AA 34.1 20.1 12.8 BA/BS 23.5 21.3 13.7 Master's or Higher 11.4 11.5 6.4 Total 100 100 100 Median Years Completed 13.6 13.8 12.0 Average Years Completed 14.0 12.6 10.4

U.S. Hispanic Population by State 2004 CA, 31.0% Other States, 31.0% NJ, 3.0% FL, 8.0% NY, 8.0% TX, 19.0%

Country of Origin of Latino Population by State of Residence 2004 Country California Texas New York New Jersey Florida Mexico 84% 83% 10% 8% 17% Puerto Rico 1% 1% 33% 30% 18% Cuba 1% 0% 2% 10% 41% Dominican Republic 0% 0% 31% 21% 5% Central America 9% 5% 7% 7% 4% South America 2% 2% 13% 21% 13% Other 3% 9% 3% 3% 2%

Persons Naturalized by Metropolitan Area of Residence 2004 Metropolitan Area Number Percent New York, NY 55,195 10.3 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 51,940 9.7 Chicago, IL 27,852 5.2 Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 19,763 3.7 Miami, FL 18,560 3.5 San Jose, CA 15,120 2.8 Orange County, CA 14,797 2.8 Houston, TX 12,145 2.3 Oakland, CA 11,613 2.2 San Francisco, CA 11,511 2.1 Other Areas 298,655 55.6 Total 537,151 100.0

U.S. Buying Power by Race Billions of Dollars 1990 2005 2010 Total 4,271 9,101 11,847 White 3,816 7,812 10,064 Black 318 761 1,023 American Indian 20 51 69 Asian 117 397 579 Multiracial N/A 81 112

U.S. Buying Power by Race Percent Change 1990-2005 2000-2005 2005-2010 Total 113.1 26.6 30.2 White 104.7 25.4 28.8 Black 139.1 28.9 34.5 American Indian 158.9 30.8 35.5 Asian 240.4 47.5 46 Multiracial N/A 38.2 38.5

U.S. Buying Power by Race Market Share (%) 1990 2005 2010 Total 100 100 100 White 89.4 85.8 84.9 Black 7.4 8.4 8.6 American Indian 0.5 0.6 0.6 Asian 2.7 4.4 4.9 Multiracial N/A 0.9 0.9

U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Billions of Dollars 1990 2005 2010 Total 4,270.50 9,100.80 11,847.00 Hispanic 211.9 735.6 1,086.50 Non-Hispanic 4,058.70 8,365.30 10,760.60

U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Percentage Change 1990-2005 2000-2005 2005-2010 Total 113.1 26.6 30.2 Hispanic 247.2 50.3 47.7 Non-Hispanic 106.1 24.9 28.6

U.S. Hispanic Buying Power Market Share (%) 1990 2005 2010 Total 100 100 100 Hispanic 5 8.1 9.2 Non-Hispanic 95 91.9 90.8

Annual Migration to the U.S. Peaked in 1999-2000 Thousands 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Trend Down for Legal Permanent Residents Unauthorized Exceed LPRs Thousands 850 756 663 Legal Permanent Residents Unauthorized Migrants Legal Temporary Migrants 569 475 381 288 194 100 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Specialty Occupation Visas - H1B United States Thousands 400 300 200 100 0 1989 1991 1993 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004 1985 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2001 2003

Estimated Costs of Educating Children of Illegal Immigrants 2004 US$ Billions 8 6 Illegal Alien Students U.S. Born Children of Illegal Immigrants Total 4 2 0 CA TX NY IL NJ FL GA NC AZ

Estimated Federal Taxes by Household, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed All Other Illegals as a % Taxes Paid by Illegal Aliens Households of National Total Income Tax $1,371 $7,103 0.60% Social Security $1,687 $4,310 1.20% Medicare2 $446 $1,227 1.10% Unemployment $83 $227 1.10% Corporate Income Tax $84 $1,230 0.20% Excise and Other Taxes $541 $1,002 1.70% Total Tax Payments $4,212 $15,099 0.90%

Estimated Federal Costs by Household, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed All Other Illegals as a % Costs by Illegal Aliens Households of National Total Social Security & Medicare $289 $5,127 0.20% Cash Welfare Programs $40 $361 0.30% Food Assistance Welfare Programs $499 $266 5.60% Medicaid $658 $1,232 1.70% Other Non-Cash Welfare Programs $182 $423 1.30% Treatment for Uninsured $591 $123 13.10% Other Transfers to Households $442 $898 1.50% Federal Education $371 $233 4.80% Federal Prisons/Courts & INS $760 $91 20.80% All Other Expenses $3,115 $3,115 3.10% Subtotal $6,949 $11,870 1.80% Defense/Veterans $0 $3,231 0.00% Total Costs (with Defense) $6,949 $15,101 1.40% Fiscal Balance (Taxes - Costs) -$2,736 -$1 -

Estimated Federal Taxes of Legalizing Illegal Aliens, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed Legalized Immigrants Taxes Paid by Illegal Aliens (All Legal Immigrants) Income Tax $1,371 $3,252 Social Security $1,687 $3,571 Medicare1 $446 $923 Unemployment $83 $171 Corporate Income Tax $84 $481 Excise and Other Taxes $541 $795 Total Tax Payments $4,212 $9,194

Estimated Federal Costs of Legalizing Illegal Aliens, 2002 The High Cost of Cheap Labor Households Headed Legalized Immigrants Costs by Illegal Aliens (All Legal Immigrants) Social Security & Medicare $289 $4,196 Cash Welfare Programs $40 $803 Food Assistance Welfare Programs $499 $709 Medicaid $658 $2,936 Other Non-Cash Welfare Programs $182 $484 Treatment for Uninsured $591 $374 Other Transfers to Households $442 $1,752 Federal Education $371 $513 Federal Prisons/Courts & INS $760 $333 All Other Expenses $3,115 $3,115 Subtotal $6,949 $15,215 Defense/Veterans $0 $0 Total Costs (with Defense) $6,949 $15,215 Fiscal Balance (Taxes - Costs) -$2,736 -$6,022

Illegal Immigrants 2004 Outlays and Receipts (in US$ Billions) Category Outlays Receipts Net Cost Education Illegal Aliens $3.2 $3.2 Children of Illegal Aliens $4.5 $4.5 Uncompensated Medical Care $1.4 $1.4 Incarceration $1.4 $1.4 Tax Payments $1.7 -$1.7 Total $10.5 Billions $1.7 Billions $8.8 Billions

> $10.1 Billion in Costs Incurred by CA taxpayers is composed of outlays to: Education: Californians spend ~ $7.7 Billion annually on education for illegal immigrant children and for their U.S.-born siblings. Nearly 15% of K-12 public school students in California are children of illegal aliens. Health Care: Uncompensated medical outlays for health care provided to the state s illegal alien population amount to about $1.4 billion a year. Incarceration: The cost of incarcerating illegal aliens in California s prisons and jails amounts to ~ $1.4 billion a year (not including related law enforcement and judicial expenditures or the monetary costs of the crimes that lead to their incarceration).

Foreign Born Population by Region of Birth California, 2000 Africa, 1.3% Northern America, 1.6% Europe, 7.9% Oceania, 0.8% Asia, 32.9% Latin America, 55.5%

The Cost of Making One Apprehension on the Mexico-U.S. Border 1980-2002 US$ per Apprehension 2000 1500 IRCA Inacted Operation Blockade Launched in El Paso 1000 500 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Businesses Founded by Immigrants Revenues in 2004 Company US$ Millions Intel $34,209 Sun Microsystems $11,070 Computer Associates $3,530 LSI Logic $1,700 Cypress Semiconductor $948 Amtel $7

Business Ownership by Nativity and Gender 1980-2000, U.S. Percent 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1980 1990 Native-Born Women Immigrant Women Native-Born Men Immigrant Men 2000

Countries of Birth for Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Top 10, 2000 Number of Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Percent of Immigrant Women Entrepreneurs Country Mexico 93,122 16.5 Korea 34,437 6.1 Vietnam 27,721 4.9 Philippines 22,742 4.0 El Salvador 21,039 3.7 Germany 20,149 3.6 Canada 18,414 3.3 Cuba 16,563 2.9 China* 16,313 2.9 India 16,187 2.9 Total 286,687 50.8 *Does not include Taiwan or Hong Kong

Immigrant Women Business Owners Top Ten MSAs, 2000 Percent of Immigrant Metropolitan Area Women Owners Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County 13.1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island 11.9 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 5.7 Washington-Baltimore 3.4 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha 3.1 San Diego 2.4 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 2.3 Dallas-Forth Worth 1.7 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence 1.6 Atlanta 1.2

Immigrant Men Business Owners Top Ten MSAs, 2000 Percent of Immigrant Metropolitan Area Men Owners Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County 14.7 New York-Nortern New Jersey-Long Island 14.5 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 4.6 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha 3.6 Washington-Baltimore 2.5 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 2.2 Dallas-Forth Worth 1.9 San Diego 1.8 Philadephia-Wilmington-Atlantic City 1.3 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence 1.3

H1A & H2B Visas United States Thousands 120 Agricultural workers (H2A) Nonagricultural workers (H2B) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2001 2003 1989 1991 1993 1995 1998 2000 2002 2004

Percentage of College Graduates Among Adult Immigrants California, 2001

Internationally Recognized Athletes or Entertainers - P1 Visas United States Thousands 50 40 30 20 10 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Immigration vs. GSP California Percent Change, Year Ago 60 Immigration (L) GSP (R) 40 20 0-20 -40 Percent Change, Year Ago 15 10 5 0-5 -10-60 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03-15

Population Projection by Race/Ethnicity As % of State Total, 2000-2050 Percent 60 50 40 30 20 10 White (L) Hispanic (L) Asian(L) Black (L) Total Population (R) Millions 56 52 48 44 40 36 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 32

Components of Population Growth in California 1994-2004 Thousands per Year 600 500 400 300 60% 42% 200 100 0-100 Natural Increase Total Population Immigration -2% Domestic Migration

Domestic Migration To/From California 1995-2004 Thousands 200 100 0-100 -200-300 -400 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Los Angeles Unified School District Enrollment 2004-05 White (not Hispanic), 9.0% Asian, 3.8% Filipino, 2.2% Other, 0.6% African American, 11.6% Hispanic or Latino, 72.8%

California Public School District Enrollment 2004-05 African American, 8.0% Other, 3.2% Filipino, 2.6% Asian, 8.1% Hispanic or Latino, 46.8% White (not Hispanic), 31.3%

University of California System Student Diversity Fall 2002 Undergraduate Student Diversity African American 3% Asian American 34% Chicano/Latino 13% White 37% Other/Unknown 13%

University of California System Student Diversity Fall 2002 Graduate Student Diversity African American 3% Asian American 15% Chicano/Latino 8% White 60% Other/Unknown 15%

Age of 2002 Immigrants to California 2002 Thousands 50 40 Female Male 30 20 10 0 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+

California Youth Homicide Arrest Rates Age 10-17 by Race, 1968-1998 Rate per 100,000 People 100 White Hispanic Black 80 Asian 60 40 20 0 70 75 80 85 90 95

Marginal Contribution to Changes in Population Arrests Rates By Type of Crime and Race, 2004 Relative Share of CA Population Increase All Fellonies Violent Crime Drug Crime Percent Whites 19 14 35 26 12 Blacks 5 16 10 29 45 Hispanics 52 70 54 45 42 Narcotics Crime

Foreign-Born Population California, 2004 Millions 40 30 20 10 26% 7% 0 Foreign-Born Population (Immigrants) Total Population Unauthorized Immigrants

Change of CA s Share of Immigrant Population 1990 vs. 2004 Percent of U.S. 50 1990 2004 45 40 35 30 25 20 Foreign-Born Unauthorized Immigrants

Age Distribution of Immigrants 2003 Percent of Immigrants 100 Legal Immigrants to CA Unauthorized Immigrants to U.S. 80 60 40 20 0 Age 0-17 Age 18-39 Age 40+

Remittances to Mexico from US Account for ~2.5 % of Mexico s GDP 1999-2004 US$ Billions 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Remittances from US to Mexico 2000-2004 Number 55000 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 Number of Remittances (L) Average Amount per Remittance (R) US$ 370 360 350 340 330 320 15000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 310

Canadian Business Immigrants Visa Program & Investments British Colombia, 1991 vs. 1997 1991 1997 Investment & Entrepreneur Programs Number of Cases Total Funds (C$ Thousands) Number of Cases Total Funds (C$ Thousands) Hong Kong 814 1,483,918 487 694,245 Total 1,686 3,436,314 1,225 2,067,255