Chapter 17 NOTES Spanish American War Cuban people revolting against Spain Yellow journalism-printing of sensational stories intended to excite the reader US battleship Maine sent to protect Americans in Cuba February 15, 1898 the Main exploded in harbor of Cuba, killing 260 American sailors War began in the Philippine Islands on May 1 Battle of Manila Bay Rough Riders Calvary volunteers including Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt Results of war: Treaty: o Recognized Cuban independence from Spain o Confirmed America s acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam o Agreed that Spain should cede the Philippines to the US for $20 million Philippines o Saw US as imperialistic (wanted to control the governments and resources of other nations) o Purchased by US in 1898 for $20 million Puerto Rico 1
1917 granted American citizenship Became a self-governing commonwealth of the US in 1954 (commonwealth- like a state, except that it has certain privileges not granted to states) Theodore Roosevelt 26 th President 1901-1909 VP took over when President McKinley was assassinated Most popular President of early 1900 s Remembered for: first American to win a Nobel Prize (for efforts to keep peace between Japan and Russia) Major events: o Invention of air conditioning 1902 o First successful airplane flight-1903 o San Francisco earthquake and fire 1906 o New State: Oklahoma 1907 Teddy s work: Progressive Movement widespread effort to make changes in American political system - period called Progressive Era Fought monopoly companies those that took complete control of a market, making no competition Fought trust businesses those that combined resources to eliminate competition by fixing prices 2
Foreign affairs known for policy speak softly and carry a big stick Strides during the Progressive Era Model T the most famous automobile ever built-1908 Built by Henry Ford o Determined to make a car everyone could afford o 1913 engineered an automobile assembly line, reducing time produced and cost Aviation Wilbur and Orville Wright owned a bicycle shop in Dayton, OH o Developed first airplane with gasoline engine and propellers 1903-few took it seriously China Led to the boxer rebellion boxers were radical Chinese who rose up against the influence of Western civilization in the Chinese culture Great White Fleet 1907 fleet of 16 white battleships and 12 other supporting craft left on a 14 month world cruise demonstrating American Naval power William H. Taft 27 th President 3
1909-1913 Major events: o First experimental radio broadcast 1910 o Sinking of the Titanic 1912 o Invention of assembly line 1913 o New states: New Mexico, Arizona 1912 Woodrow Wilson 28 th President 1913-1921 Major Events: o World War I (1914-1918) o Communist government in Russia 1917 o Women given right to vote o Prohibition o First commercial radio station 1920 Titanic unsinkable April 14, 1912, struck an iceberg and sank off coast of Newfoundland. 1522 lives lost, because there weren t enough life boats Amendments: 16 th amendment gave congress the power to tax personal incomes (becomes the government s chief source of revenue) 17 th amendment called for the direct election of US senators by voters (originally elected by the state legislators) 4
New Philosophies of late 19 th century: Modernism o Began in German universities when they began to exalt their own reason above God s Word, teaching that the Bible was only a collection of myths, legends and a few historical facts. o Introduced the word evolution to academic vocabulary Evolution o Charles Darwin proposed his philosophy of evolution and the survival of the fittest Marxist-socialism o Karl Marx father of modern socialism (communism) Believed that government should take all private property and eliminate the upper classes Progressive Education o John Dewey based his work on studies does at Johns Hopkins Modern psychology o Sigmund Freud father of modern psychology 5