1865-1877 Rebuild the south after the American Civil War Gone with the Wind May 29-2:34 PM May 29-2:34 PM The South was decimated after the American Civil War > Economically > Politically > Socially **war fought mostly in the South May 29-2:35 PM May 29-2:36 PM May 29-2:37 PM May 29-3:00 PM 1
South in ruins > RR > Farms > Bridges > Factories Economically Confederate $ is worthless Confederacy dissolved *** strong state government System of slavery is dissolved Gone with the Wind May 29-2:57 PM May 29-2:58 PM Socially Punish the south or not? Families broken: over issue of the war or death Freedmen: ex-slaves Resentment over loss of the war May 29-3:00 PM May 29-3:01 PM 1863 Lincoln s 10% Plan 10% of southern voters pledge loyalty to the Union Radical Republicans: Congressmen Radical = Extreme End slavery Thaddeus Stevens May 29-3:02 PM May 30-10:00 AM 2
Lincoln's Assassination April 14, 1865 By John Wilkes Booth At Ford s Theater Why? To try and save the South from severe punishment had the reverse impact Andrew Johnson Lincoln's VP, now President Presidential Reconstruction: *similar to Lincoln's Plan May 30-9:05 AM May 30-9:51 AM 13th Amendment: bans slavery Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Presidential Reconstruction: Ex-Confederate elected into office Black Codes: passed by southern state government (limit Freedmen's rights) *upsets Radical Republicans May 30-9:57 AM May 30-9:58 AM Power struggle between the President and the Congress Impeached: brought on charges (trial) May 30-10:05 AM May 30-10:06 AM 3
Reconstruction Act of 1867: 1. South divided into 5 military districts 2. Ex-Confederate could not vote or hold office 3. Majority swear loyalty 4. ratify the 14th Amendment Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Jun 3-11:22 AM Jun 3-11:25 AM Political Scalawags: Southern Republicans Freedmen: able to vote vote Republicans and freedmen into office **15 th Amendment: government can t deny someone the right to vote based on one s race Carpetbaggers: northerners that moved south > Ran for political office Freedmen s Bureau: Help African-Americans adjust after years of slavery **education, food, housing, medical aid, and legal assistance Jun 3-11:21 AM Jun 3-11:29 AM Bitter: form hate groups (Ku Klux Klan) ***resistance to change No slavery sharecropping > Freedmen work the fields for a share of the crop small percentage poverty ** legal form of slavery (neo-slavery) More industrial less reliable on north ** "The New South" Jun 3-11:26 AM Jun 3-11:27 AM 4
Elected in 1868 Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant Pardoned Ex-Confederates (can now vote and hold office) Impact of the Pardon of Ex-Confederates Democrats gain power --> Republicans lose power **Freedmen lose power (laws passed by these new state governments) Corrupt Administration (cabinet) Jun 4-4:32 PM Jun 4-4:33 PM Corrupt Administration People lose faith in the Republican party lose faith in their ideas (Reconstruction) Jun 4-4:34 PM Jun 4-4:35 PM Legacies of Reconstruction: 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments The "New South" Compromise of 1877: Hayes becomes president (makes Republicans happy) redistribution of land and income Reconstruction ends (makes Democrats happy) Jun 4-4:36 PM Apr 28-8:39 AM 5
What segregation? The Jim Crow Laws: State segregation laws Loopholes to the 15th Amendment RACE based on other factors... May 17-9:55 AM May 17-11:28 AM Have to pay a poll tax to vote... most blacks lived in poverty (sharecroppers) May 17-10:00 AM May 17-10:01 AM Lynchings were hung in a public place? May 17-11:38 AM May 17-11:41 AM 6
Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 Established "separate but equal" doctrine **segregation is Constitutional May 21-10:00 AM 7