Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez 1
Topics Review: Positivism Participation Assignment #3 U.S. Foreign Policy In Latin America Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America Mexico Brazil Nicaragua 2
Positivism: Order and Progress Theory based on scientific applications to gain knowledge Philosophy by Auguste Comte Based on empirical & scientific observations Embraced by Latin America why? 3
Positivism: Order and Progress Theory based on scientific applications to gain knowledge Philosophy followed by the Diaz Regime Applied to Mexico Government: Cientificos Economy: foreign investment Society: immigrants 4
Porfirato Economy Economy Railroad Industry Mining Oil 1900 ¼ of budget on military 5
Economic Transformations Exports from Latin America grew Chile: wheat Colombia: tobacco Argentina: hides & beef Peru: guano Cuba: sugar Brazil: coffee Venezuela: cacao More unequal distribution of wealth Railroad growth with U.S. & UK capital Dependency theory?
os Cientificos (technocrats) Jose Limantour Foreign debt paid off 1894 surplus in treasury Favor European immigrants Dislike natives & rural masses Justo Sierra We need to attract immigrants from Europe for only European blood can keep the level of civilization that has produced our nationality from sinking 7
Participation Assignment #3 1. What kind of sources is it? Is it a primary sources. 2. When was it written? Who wrote it? 3. Define Positivism 4. What is the appeal of Positivism in Latin America? What does Latin American lack during the 19 th century? How is it applied? 8
Becoming a World Power The New Imperialism After 1870 European powers scrambled to dominate Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Bringing civilization to the supposedly backward peoples of the non-european world. 9
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Jose Marti 1853-1895, poet Cuban national figure Cuba fighting for independence since 1868
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1854 Matthew Perry in Japan Camphor Tree 13
Becoming a World Power A small group of late-nineteenth-century thinkers actively promoted American expansionism. Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan 14
Becoming a World Power The Splendid Little War Cuba had fought for independence since 1868. The United States went to war with Spain to win Cuba s liberty and freedom. Maine, American battleship, destroyed in Havana 15
Map 17.4a The Spanish American War: The Pacific (left) Map 17.4b The Spanish American War: The Caribbean (right) 16
Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill 17
Becoming a World Power An American Empire In the treaty with Spain ending the war the United States acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam. Guantanamo Bay 18
Crucible of Empire: The Spanish- American War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urtm4gpj Fu4&list=PLB3636AA005CB6A7C 15 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svebbr3ev Nk&list=PLB3636AA005CB6A7C 19
Map 17.5 American Empire, 1898. 20
School Begins, an 1899 cartoon from Puck 21
An Era of Intervention Roosevelt was more active in international diplomacy than most of his predecessors. Panama Canal I Took the Canal Zone Teddy Roosevelt 612 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6c66pdgvb4&feature=relmfu 22
The Roosevelt Corollary The United States had the right to exercise an international police power in the Western Hemisphere. Dominican Republic 23
The World s Constable, a cartoon commenting on Theodore Roosevelt s 24
An Era of Intervention Taft emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention. Dollar Diplomacy 25
Moral Imperialism Wilson promised a new foreign policy that would respect Latin America s independence. 26
Political Life in the Porfiriato No free press or elections The Rurales Political refugees flee to U.S. 27
The Downfall of Diaz 1900 Regeneracion, Mexico City 1906 Liberal Plan by Flores Magon Brothers Cananea, Sonora Labor Strike 12 mins Cananea Strike http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7tv6hjvuv4 1908 The Creelman Interview Diaz welcomes opposition 1910 La sucesion presidencial en 1910, Anti-Re-electionist Party Madero issues a call to arms against Diaz 1911 Ciudad Juarez is taken by Pascual Orozco/Villa forces Treaty of Ciudad Juarez- Diaz resigns 28
The Revolt at Ciudad Juarez, 1910 1911 Ciudad Juarez is taken by Pascual Orozco/Villa forces Treaty of Ciudad Juarez- Diaz resigns 29
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Madero has unleashed a tiger, now let us see if he can control it. Porfirio Diaz 31
Revolution Military Phase 1911-1920 32
Meeting between Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata Presidential Palace, Mexico City 1914 33
1917 Constitution 1917 Constitution Article 3 education Article 27 land restoration Article 123 workers rights No vice president President no re-election No official religion 34
Aftermath of the Mexican Revolution About 2 million deaths 1917 Constitution Increase in nationalism Increase of public schools for rural areas 1 million Mexicans migrated to the U.S. 35