STANDARD VUS.6e SECTIONAL TENSIONS!

Issues creating Tension

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy New political parties

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy New political parties Economic interests

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy New political parties Economic interests Women s rights

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy New political parties Economic interests Women s rights Westward expansion

Issues creating Tension Jacksonian Democracy New political parties Economic interests Women s rights Westward expansion Slavery!

Sectional Tensions

STANDARD VUS.6e

STANDARD VUS.6d The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century by d) relating the changing character of American political life in the age of the common man (Jacksonian Era) to increasing popular participation in state and national politics.

The changing character of American politics in the age of the common man was characterized by heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males.

The rise of interest in group politics and sectional issues brought a changing style of campaigning and increased voter participation.

Jacksonian Democracy Andrew Jackson became President in 1829

Jacksonian Democracy Andrew Jackson became President in 1829 When he took office he encouraged the Spoils System where friends of his party would get appointed to important positions

Jacksonian Democracy Jackson also encouraged the voting power of the common man saying that everyone should have political power..

Jacksonian Democracy Jackson also encouraged the voting power of the common man saying that everyone should have political power.. Of course, this was the common white male

Jacksonian Democracy Jackson passes laws allowing ALL white males to vote!

SOL Question! The events in this flow chart illustrate which of the following? A Decreasing voter turnout B The rise of the common man in American politics C The decline of American political parties D Political corruption in elections

SOL Question! Which group helped Andrew Jackson become President of the United States the first time they could participate in an election? A People allowed to vote without paying a poll tax B Newly freed slaves from West Africa C People allowed to vote without owning property D Naturalized immigrants from Eastern Europe

SOL Question! One of the fundamental beliefs of Jacksonian Democracy was that A political parties should have popular leaders B ordinary citizens should participate in politics C religious leaders should hold elected offices D federal jobs ahold go to qualified individuals

SOL Question! According to the passage, what kind of government did President Andrew Jackson support? A Aristocracy B Democracy C Oligarchy D Anarchy

New Political Parties

New Political Parties The Federalist Party disappeared, and new political parties, the Whigs and Know- Nothings, were organized in opposition to the Democratic Party (which was Jackson s party)

New Political Parties The Whig party favored congress over the president and opposed autocratic rule (rule by one single person - which they thought Jackson was)

New Political Parties The Know-Nothing party felt America was being over run by German and Irish Catholic Immigrants, so it wanted to address the immigration issue!

New Political Parties Know nothing was a nick name The party organization was secretive, when asked about it, the members Know nothing

New Political Parties They started as the Native American Party, but this didn t mean Native Indians it meant the native whites of America the English descendants!

STANDARD VUS.6e The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century by e) describing the cultural, economic, and political issues that divided the nation, including tariffs, slavery, the abolitionist and women s suffrage movements, and the role of the states in the Union.

STANDARD VUS.6e

Sectional tensions caused by competing economic interests

Sectional tensions caused by competing economic interests The industrial North favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition.

Sectional tensions caused by competing economic interests The industrial North favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition. Protective Tariff A tax on imported goods to protect domestic companies from competition

Sectional tensions caused by competing economic interests The industrial North favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition. The agricultural South opposed high tariffs that made the price of imports more expensive.

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union By nature of the Union we mean who should hold the most power the states or the national government

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union In 1828 and 1832, Congress passed two protectionist tariffs

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union In 1828 and 1832, Congress passed two protectionist tariffs These were high taxes against any imports which may take away money from those who manufacture goods here in the U.S.

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said the tariff laws were null and void (dead) in South Carolina This became known as the Nullification Crisis If Andrew Jackson allowed this, it would give the states too much power!

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union Congress quickly passed a law giving President Jackson the right to send troops to South Carolina to force them into submission

Sectional tensions caused by debates over the nature of the Union Congress quickly passed a law giving President Jackson the right to send troops to South Carolina to force them into submission Congress also passed a new lower tax which made S.C. happier and they repealed their Nullification law.

SOL Question! In the mid-1800s, which group supported high tariffs to raise the price of imported manufactured goods? A Western gold miners and cattle ranchers B Southern plantation owners C Northern factory owners and workers D Great Plains wheat farmers

The women s suffrage movement

The women s suffrage movement Suffrage The right to vote

The women s suffrage movement At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, another reform movement took root the movement to give equal rights to women.

The women s suffrage movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony became involved in the women s suffrage movement before the Civil War and continued with the movement after the war

The women s suffrage movement Politically, women were to be neither seen nor heard.

The women s suffrage movement Politically, women were to be neither seen nor heard. Several women organized a two day meeting in Seneca Falls, New York

The women s suffrage movement Politically, women were to be neither seen nor heard. Several women organized a two day meeting in Seneca Falls, New York The meeting was called the Seneca Falls Convention It discussed women s rights and women s right to vote

The women s suffrage movement Seneca Falls Convention: Out of the meeting came the Declaration of Sentiments

The women s suffrage movement Seneca Falls Convention: Out of the meeting came the Declaration of Sentiments It was modeled after the Declaration of Independence and listed many grievances against men in general

The women s suffrage movement Sentiments He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. He has withheld from her rights which are given to the most ignorant and degraded men - both natives and foreigners. Having deprived her of this first right as a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. He has made her morally, an irresponsible being, as she can commit many crimes with impunity, provided they be done in the presence of her husband. In the covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master - the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.

The women s suffrage movement He has so framed the laws of divorce, as to what shall be the proper causes of divorce, in case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be given; as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of the women - the law, in all cases, going upon a false supposition of the supremacy of a man, and giving all power into his hands. After depriving her of all rights as a married woman, if single and the owner of property, he has taxed her to support a government which recognizes her only when her property can be made profitable to it. He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty remuneration. He closes against her all the avenues to wealth and distinction, which he considers most honorable to himself. As a teacher of theology, medicine, or law, she is not known. He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education - all colleges being closed against her.

The women s suffrage movement He allows her in church, as well as State, but a subordinate position, claiming Apostolic authority for her exclusion from the ministry, and, with some exceptions, from any public participation in the affairs of the Church. He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the world a different code of morals for men and women, by which moral delinquencies which exclude women from society, are not only tolerated but deemed of little account in man. He has usurped the prerogative of Jehovah himself, claiming it as his right to assign for her a sphere of action, when that belongs to her conscience and her God. He has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.

Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln. A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it or its (supporters) will push it forward till it shall become lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South. What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the United States?

Natural rights/ unalienable rights Rights which were not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state; morally universal Life, Liberty, Property people have the right to life, liberty, and property. Equality under the law Principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges

Where have you seen these rights used in American documents? Natural rights/ unalienable rights Rights which were not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state; morally universal Life, Liberty, Property people have the right to life, liberty, and property. Equality under the law Principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges

Where have you seen these rights used in American documents? Natural rights/ unalienable rights Rights which were not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state; morally universal Declaration of Independence! Constitution! Life, Liberty, Property people have the right to life, liberty, and property. Equality under the law Principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges

Where have you seen these rights used in American documents? Natural rights/ unalienable rights Rights which were not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state; morally universal Declaration of Independence! Constitution! Life, Liberty, Property people have the right to life, liberty, and property. Who have you seen proclaiming these rights? Equality under the law Principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges

Where have you seen these rights used in American documents? Natural rights/ unalienable rights Rights which were not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state; morally universal Declaration of Independence! Constitution! Life, Liberty, Property people have the right to life, liberty, and property. Who have you seen proclaiming these rights? Equality under the law Thomas Jefferson! Principle under which each individual is subject to the George Washington! same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges Etc

One of the major causes of the American Civil War was Slavery!

Rebellions

Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the southern states

Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the southern states The United States Congress outlawed slave trade in 1807 - yet slavery itself was still legal - still legal to buy and sell slaves born within the United States In 1831, a bloody slave rebellion took place in Southampton County, Virginia. A slave named Nat Turner, who was able to read and write and had visions. He started what became known as Nat Turner's Rebellion or the Southampton Insurrection. With the goal of freeing himself and others, Turner and his followers killed approximately fifty men, women and children, but they were eventually subdued by the militia.

Sectional tensions caused by the institution of slavery Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser Led a revolt on Richmond. His plans were leaked before he began. He and 26 others were hanged.

Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the southern states The United States Congress outlawed slavery in 1807 - yet slavery itself was still legal - still legal to buy and sell slaves born within the United States In 1831, a bloody slave rebellion took place in Southampton County, Virginia. A slave named Nat Turner, who was able to read and write and had visions, started what became known as Nat Turner's Rebellion or the Southampton Insurrection. With the goal of freeing himself and others, Turner and his followers killed approximately fifty men, women and children, but they were eventually subdued by the militia.

Sectional tensions caused by the institution of slavery Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser Fed white Southerners fears about slave rebellions

Sectional tensions caused by the institution of slavery Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser Fed white Southerners fears about slave rebellions Led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.

1839 the ship La Amistad is picked up and escorted to Connecticut.

1839 the ship La Amistad is picked up and escorted to Connecticut. After two years, in 1841, the Supreme Court frees the Amistad Slaves!

SOL Question! Uprisings led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser contributed to the Southern states decisions to A pass harsh fugitive slave laws B accept the Missouri Compromise C enact Jim Crow legislation D support the passing of higher tariffs

Abolition!

Abolition! Abolition The movement to abolish slavery

Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves Harriet Tubman Former slave who escaped, returned 13 times to the Southern states to free others.

Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman Former slave who escaped, returned 13 times to the Southern states to free others. The secret system of paths and safe houses to run away to the Northern states

Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves Harriet Beecher Stowe Abolitionist Wrote the book Uncle Tom s Cabin in 1852, depicted the life and treatment of slaves Sold 300,000 in the first year and the number 1 selling novel of the 1800s!

As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery

Missouri Compromise Original 13 States Rhode Island New York New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania Free States Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland Georgia Delaware Slave States

Missouri Compromise The first thirteen colonies were almost evenly divided between slave and free states. Original 13 States Rhode Island New York New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania Free States Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland Georgia Delaware Slave States

Missouri Compromise By 1819, there were 22 states, evenly divided. Original 13 States Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Free States Slave States

The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Balance of Free and Slave States (1819) Original 13 States Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania Free States Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland Georgia Delaware Slave States

Balance of Free and Slave States (1821) Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state. Original 13 States Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Free States Slave States

Balance of Free and Slave States (1821) Missouri Compromise Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was New York New Hampshire Virginia admitted as a Massachusetts free state. This kept Connecticut a balance of slave Maryland and free states Original 13 States Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New Jersey Pennsylvania Free States North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Delaware Slave States

An imaginary line was drawn across the southern border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N. 36, 30

Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36, 30'N. Slavery was banned north of 36, 30'N, except for Missouri. Sectionalism loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36, 30'N. Slavery was banned north of 36, 30'N, except for Missouri. This was known as the 36 30 line Sectionalism loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

Objective: To examine the Compromise of 1850 and its effects The United States Senate, A.D. 1850.

Free States Original 13 States California (1850) Wisconsin (1848) Iowa (1846) Michigan (1837) Maine (1820) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania Texas (1845) Florida (1845) Arkansas (1836) Missouri (1821) Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland Georgia Delaware Slave States

Compromise of 1850 I. California became a free state.

Compromise of 1850 I. California became a free state. II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).

Compromise of 1850 I. California became a free state. II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM). * people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue (belief that the authority of the state is created by the consent of its people)

SOL Question! Missouri s admission to the Union started the debate over A the right of deposit at New Orleans B funding for internal improvements C the balance between slave and free states D the relocation of American Indians (First Americans)

SOL Question! Which of these states was admitted to the Union before the Civil War? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

SOL Question! Before the Civil War, slavery was prohibited in certain areas by the A Monroe Doctrine B Dred Scott decision C Kansas-Nebraska Act D Missouri Compromise

The Fugitive Slave Law Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table.

The Fugitive Slave Law All Americans, by law, were required to help catch runaway slaves. Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table.

The Fugitive Slave Law All Americans, by law, were required to help catch runaway slaves. You could be fined and/or imprisoned for helping a runaway slave. Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table.

The Fugitive Slave Law All Americans, by law, were required to help catch runaway slaves. You could be fined and/or imprisoned for helping a runaway slave. This law infuriated northerners! Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21 and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the right side of the table.

Sectional tensions caused by the institution of slavery Fugitive slave events pitted Southern slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage.

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Kansas Nebraska Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act I. The Nebraska Territory was divided into two parts: Nebraska (NE) and Kansas (KS).

Kansas-Nebraska Act II. The people of each territory voted on whether or not to allow slavery. (popular sovereignty)

* The Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the Missouri Compromise. Both territories were north of 36, 30 N and should NOT have been allowed to have slaves.

Bleeding Kansas Battles over slavery broke out in Kansas prompting many to name it Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas Before the vote on slavery: Northerners crossed the border to keep KS a free state. Southerners crossed the border to make KS a slave state. Both sides claimed victory on the vote!

On May 19, 1856, Senator Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts antislavery Republican, addressed the Senate on the explosive issue of whether Kansas should be admitted to the Union as a slave state or a free state.

In his speech, Sumner identified two Democratic senators as the principal culprits in this crime Stephen Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler of South Carolina.

He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noisesome, squat, and nameless animal... not a proper model for an American senator. Sumner continued by mocking Senator Butler s stance as a man of chivalry, charging him with taking "a mistress... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight I mean added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery.

Representative Preston Brooks, Butler's South Carolina kinsman, entered the Senate three days later and slammed his metal-topped cane onto the unsuspecting Sumner's head leaving him bloody and unconscious.

George S. Park, the founder of Parkville, Missouri, and owner of the Parkville Luminary newspaper, dared to speak out against the actions of the "Border Ruffians." As a result, they took revenge by breaking into the newspaper office and throwing the printing press into the nearby Missouri River.

Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder fled the territory disguised as a woodcutter because the proslavery Border Ruffians threatened to hang him.

Pearl-handled sword of Col. Henry Theodore Titus, leader of pro-slavery forces during Bleeding Kansas.

* In 1856, an abolitionist named John Brown murdered five proslavery men. * Over 200 people died in the fighting that followed. The abolitionist John Brown lived in Osawatomie, Kansas Territory. Brown and his sons were responsible for the brutal murder of several proslavery men near Pottawatomie, Kansas. The men were called out of their homes at night and hacked to death with swords. This was just one of many incidents that earned Kansas Territory the name of "Bleeding Kansas.

Marais de Cygne Massacre In May 1858, proslavery settlers executed a group of their free state neighbors along the Marais de Cygne river in southeastern Kansas Territory.

Objective: To examine the importance of the Lincoln Douglas debates and the Dred Scott decision. Dred Scott Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas

Lincoln Douglas Debates In 1858, Abraham Lincoln challenged incumbent Stephen Douglas for his seat in the Senate. (Incumbent the holder of an office or position) Abraham Lincoln (left) and Stephen Douglas (right)

Lincoln Douglas Debates Stephen Douglas: Lincoln was wrong for wanting to end slavery. If Lincoln tried to end slavery, the U.S. could face a civil war. Douglas believed that each territory should be able to decide on its own whether or not to allow slavery by using popular sovereignty.

Lincoln Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln: Though he Lincoln believed that slavery was evil and should be kept out of the territories. believed these things, he did not, Lincoln believed that African Americans were guaranteed life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as stated in the Declaration of Independence. at the time, advocate the freeing of slaves.

Lincoln Douglas Debates Results: Douglas won the election by a slim margin. However, Lincoln became well known throughout the nation.

Dred Scott Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO)

Dred Scott Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four years.

Dred Scott Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: Scott s owner died after returning to Missouri.

Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: * Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for four years. Dred Scott

SUPREME COURT DECISIONS: Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue? A: NO Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man? A: NO Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory? A: NO

RESULTS: Dred Scott was not given his freedom. The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional. Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (Compromis e of 1850) Open to slavery through popular sovereignt y (KS-NE Act) Missouri Compromise line is declared unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)

SOL Question. What failed to carry out the ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence? A Bill of Rights B Dred Scott decision C 14th Amendment D Voting Rights Act of 1965

Objective: To examine the immediate causes of the U.S. Civil War.

John Brown s Raid: John Brown in August, 1859. In 1859, John Brown and his followers seized a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Harper s Ferry

Interior view of the engine house at Harpers Ferry during the siege. View photos of eight members of Brown s raiding party.

Engine house at Harpers Ferry.

Marines storm the engine house.

Brown was caught and sentenced to death by hanging. Brown as a wounded prisoner after his capture.

Brown being carried from court to prison.

Last Moments of John Brown (painting by Thomas Hovenden)

The hanging of John Brown.

Brown's grave in North Elba, New York

"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done." --John Brown, statement at his sentencing on Nov. 2, 1859

"[John Brown is] that new saint, than whom none purer or more brave was ever led by love of men into conflict and death,-- the new saint awaiting his martyrdom, and who, if he shall suffer, will make the gallows glorious like the cross." --Ralph Waldo Emerson, from his lecture "Courage," delivered in Boston on Nov. 8, 1859

Presidential Election of 1860: Main Candidates * Lincoln won the election. Abraham Lincoln (Republican) John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) John Bell (Constitutional Union)

Secession: In response to Lincoln s victory, the southern states seceded from the Union in 1861, forming the Confederate States of America. Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag

Secession: In response to Lincoln s victory, the southern states seceded from the Union in 1861, forming the Confederate States of America. Secession Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag To choose to withdraw from the United States

Jefferson Davis was named the president of the Confederacy.

Jefferson Davis was named the president of the Confederacy. Their capital was located in Richmond, Virginia

Civil War: Union v. Confederacy

Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was important because it guarded Charleston harbor Fort Sumter Therefore, the Confederates attacked, defeating the Union soldiers. * The Civil War had now begun!

Ruffin, Pvt. Edmund, Confederate soldier who fired the first shot against Fort Sumter Anderson, Maj. Robert, defender of Fort Sumter

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor April 12 and 13, 1861

Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.