Works Cited Primary Sources:

Works Cited Primary Sources: Approved: Affordable Care Act. 2010. Photograph. Neatoday. National Education Association. Web. <http://neatoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/acasigned-300x200.jpg>. I used this image in the "1970 - Present" section of my website to show what health care legislation throughout history has led to at the present. Bill Clinton, Head-and-shoulders Portrait, Facing Front. 1992. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c00000/3c07000/3c07700/3c07700r.jpg>. I used this photograph of President Clinton on my homepage. Blue, R. "Some Of The Larger Problems Of The Medical Profession." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association LXVI.25 (1916): 1899-902. Google Books. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. This article showed President of the American Medical Association Rupert Blue's support toward compulsory health insurance in 1916. I quoted this source in the "Opposition to the AALL Bill" section of my website. Berger, Victor L. "ROOSEVELT ECHOES MARX, SAYS BERGER; Appeals to Restive Middle Class, Not to Enlightened Labor, Congressman Declares." The New York Times 9 Aug. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. <http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=f20a10fd3d5417738ddda00894d0405b82 8DF1D3>. This article demonstrated public reaction to Theodore Roosevelt's "Confession of Faith." I quoted this source in the "Reactions to Roosevelt's Creed" section of my website. Clinton, Bill. "President Bill Clinton's Address on Health Care Reform" Speech. 22 Sept. 1992.Online by MCamericanpresident, YouTube. 12 Feb. 2014. < <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss_mujre5kw&list=plz7u5wju_ee0jwubqyqhz66jq1xv8y1y>. I used as excerpt from Clinton s address in the President Clinton section of my website. The video provided Clinton s opinions and plans on health care. Clymer, Adam, Robert Pear, and Robin Toner. "THE HEALTH CARE DEBATE: What Went Wrong?" The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 28 Aug. 1994. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/29/us/health-care-debate-what-went-wrong-healthcare-campaign-collapsed-special-report.html>. This newspaper article provides insight to speculations as to why Clinton's plan for health care failed. I quoted this source on the "President Clinton" section of my website. "DOCTORS CONDEMN HEALTH INSURANCE." The New York Times 13 June 1934: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/flash/health/healthcare_timeline/1934_doctorscon demn.pdf>.

This article showed the AMA's opposition toward the creation of health insurance by FDR. I used an image of the headline in the "Social Security Act of 1935" section of my website. FDR Fireside Chat. 1936. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/47200/47251r.jpg>. I used this photograph of FDR delivering a fireside chat in 1936 on the "FDR" section of my website. "FDR's Statements on Social Security." Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/history/fdrstmts.html> This webpage contained statements by FDR on social security, which served as useful primary sources. I quoted his "Message to Congress on the National Health Program" in the "Social Security Act of 1935" section of my website. Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Radio Address on the Election of Liberals.," November 4, 1938. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15568>. I quoted this source on the Wagner Bills section of my website. In this address, FDR praises Senator Wagner and his ideas. Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Second Bill of Rights" January 11, 1944. Online by Brent Abrahamson, YouTube. 2 Feb. 2014. < http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwul9tjmypi>. I used an audio excerpt from this video on the Second Bill of Rights section of my website. The excerpt I used involves FDR listing health care as a right. Furman, Bess. "HOSPITAL-AID PLAN HAS 347 PROJECTS." The New York Times 2 July 1948: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/flash/health/healthcare_timeline/1948_hospitalcon struction.pdf>. This article discussed the impact of the Hill-Burton Act on medical care. This information was useful on the "President Truman" page of my website and I used an image of the headline on the page as well. Gompers, Samuel. "ADDRESS BY SAMUEL GOMPERS, PRESIDENT AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR." Proceedings of the Conference on Social Insurance Issue 212 (1917): 845-49. Google Books. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. Samuel Gompers address stated that the AFL was against government health care. I quoted this source in the "Opposition to the AALL Bill" section of my website. Goodridge, Elisabeth, and Sarah Arnquist. "A History of Overhauling Health Care." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/19/us/politics/20090717_health_timeline.h tml?_r=5&>. This source acted as both a primary and a secondary source. The primary source it provided was photographs of FDR and Nixon, which I used on my homepage, and a photograph of LBJ, which I used on the President Johnson section of my website.

"Good Health Commercially Considered." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association LXV.17 (1915): 1465. Google Books. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. This source provided the AMA's view on compulsory health insurance in 1915. I quoted this source in the "Opposition to the AALL Bill" section of my website. Harry Truman, Half-length Portrait, Facing Front. 1945. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c10000/3c17000/3c17100/3c17122r.jpg>. I used this image on the homepage of my website. "Health Insurance Tentative Draft of an Act." The American Labor Legislation Review 6 (1916): 239-68. Google Books. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. This source contained the text of the AALL's draft of a bill for health insurance. I quoted this source on the "1915 AALL Bill" section of my website. H.R. 3590, 111th Cong. (2009) (enacted). Web. 16 Feb. 2014. < http://thomas.loc.gov/cgibin/bdquery/z?d111:hr3590:> This source provided the full text of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I used information from this source in the "Present Debate" section of my website. Isidore Sydney Falk. N.d. Photograph. Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. <http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/pics/falk3.jpg>. I used this image of I.S. Falk on the "Social Security Act of 1935" page of my website. It was one of the very few photographs I was able to find of Falk. John F. Kennedy: Health Care Rally from Madison Square Garden. May 20, 1962. Online by David Von Pein's JFK Channel, YouTube. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxujerr_vfo>. I used excerpts from JFK s speech in the President Kennedy section of my website. Johnson, Lyndon B. "State of the Union Address" Speech. 8 Jan. 1964. CSPAN. National Cable Satellite Corporation. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. < http://www.c-span.org/video/?153275-1/state-unionaddress>. I used excerpts from Johnson s State of the Union address in the President Johnson section of my website. This showed LBJ s plan and support for government responsibility in health care. "KENNEDY EXHORTS PUBLIC TO SUPPORT MEDICAL CARE BILL." The New York Times 21 May 1962: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/flash/health/healthcare_timeline/1962_kennedy_ msg.pdf>. This source covered Kennedy's speech regarding health care at Madison Square Garden. I used an image of the headline in the "President Kennedy" section of my website. "Letters." California and Western Medicine 51.6 (1939): 410. PubMed Central. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1660194/?page=1>.

The letters in this source were based on the "purpose and need of support to 'National Physicians' Committee for the Extension of Medical Service.'" I quoted the letter from Austin Hayden on the "Wagner Bill" section of my website. Lyndon B. Johnson and Harry S. Truman: Remarks With President Truman at the Signing in Independence of the Medicare Bill," July 30, 1965. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15568>. This source provided commentary from both LBJ and Truman on Medicare and Medicaid. I used audio excerpts from this source in the President Johnson page of my website. Lyndon B. Johnson, Head-and-shoulders Portrait, Facing Left. 1964. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3a50000/3a53000/3a53300/3a53305r.jpg>. I used this photograph of LBJ on the homepage of my website. "Mr. Nixon's Health Plan." The New York Times 19 Feb. 1971: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/flash/health/healthcare_timeline/1971_nixon.pdf>. This source briefly explained President Nixon's plan for health. I quoted this source in the "President Nixon" page of my website. "News from the Field." American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health 29.5 (1939): 568-69. Google Books. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This issue of the American Journal of Public Health included a summary of the Wagner Bill in which I quoted in the "Wagner Bills" section of my website. Nixon, Richard. "Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union" Speech. 22 Jan. 1971.Online by MCamericanpresident, YouTube. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxujerr_vfo>. I used excerpts from Nixon s speech in the President Nixon section of my website, showing his goals for the United States concerning health care. "Nixon's Statements on Social Security." Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/history/fdrstmts.html> This webpage contained statements by Nixon on social security, which served as useful primary sources. I quoted his "Statement on Signing the Social Security Amendments of 1972" in the "President Nixon" section of my website. Official Portrait of President-elect Barack Obama. 2009. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppbd.00358/?co=cph>. I used this photograph of President Obama on the homepage of my website.

Phillips, Cabell. "BITTER DEBATE BEGINS OVER HEALTH PROGRAM." The New York Times 27 Feb. 1949: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/flash/health/healthcare_timeline/1949_trumn_bitt er.pdf>. I used an image of this headline on the "President Truman" section of my website. This article outlined the AMA's opposition to Truman. President John F. Kennedy, Head-and-shoulders Portrait, Facing Front. 1961. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3c17124/?co=cph>. I used this photograph of President Kennedy on the homepage. "Queries and Minor Notes." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 77.19 (1921): 1515. Google Books. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. This source stated the AMA's definite opposition toward compulsory health insurance in 1921. I quoted this source in the "Opposition to the AALL Bill" section of my website. Representatives from AMA Argue against Wagner Health Program Bill. 1939. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/26700/26755v.jpg>. This is a photograph of Dr. Fishbein (of the AMA) and Senator Ellender of Louisiana. Both men were against the Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill. I used this image on the "Wagner Bills" section of my website. Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine. American Medical Association, 1961. Online by wyattmcintyre, YouTube. 2 Feb. 2014. I used an excerpt from this source on the "President Kennedy" section of my website. This source shows Reagan's opposition toward government involvement in medical care. Roosevelt, Franklin D. "State of the Union Message to Congress." Speech. 11 Jan. 1944. The American Presidency Project. University of California. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16518>. I quoted FDR's State of the Union Address in the "FDR's Second Bill of Rights" page of my website. This source stated FDR's Second Bill of Rights, which included the right to good health. "ROOSEVELT'S OWN CREED SET FORTH; Here Is the Colonel's 18,000 Word Declaration of Faith to His Convention." The New York Times 7 Aug. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=f60a13fa395813738dddae0894d0405b82 8DF1D3>. This article provided the exact text of Theodore Roosevelt's "Confession of Faith" in which I quote in the "Progressive Party Platform" section of my website. I also use an image of this headline in the same section of my website.

"Social Medicine and Medical Economics." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 74.4 (1920): 271-73. Google Books. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. This source showed that the AMA's view toward compulsory health insurance changed in the time period from 1915 to 1920, and in 1920 did not favor the measure. I quoted this source in the "Opposition to the AALL Bill" section of my website. Statement on Signing the Social Security Act. Film. 1935. The American Presidency Project. University of California. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/mediaplay.php?id=14916&admin=32>. This is a video of FDR signing the Social Security Act of 1935. I found this to be a useful source, as FDR puts emphasis on the act providing "some" protection, which alludes to the failure of the passage of medical insurance regulation in the act. I used an excerpt from this video in the "Social Security Act of 1935" section of my website. Stroughton, Cecil W. President John F. Kennedy Attends National Convention of the National Council of Senior Citizens. 1963. Photograph. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/jfkwhp-st-312-5-63.aspx>. This image shows President Kennedy at a convention for the support of Medicare. I used this image in the "President Kennedy" section of my website. Teddy Roosevelt Campaigning. 1912. Photograph. Library of Congress. Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/history/pics/tr1912b.jpg>. This is a photograph of Teddy Roosevelt campaigning for the Progressive Party. I used this photo on the "Origins of the Controversy" section of my website. Theodore Roosevelt Giving a Speech as Part of His 1912 Presidential Campaign. 1912. Photograph. National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nps.gov/thrb/images/tr-giving-a-speech.jpg>. This is a photograph of Theodore Roosevelt campaigning on the Progressive Party platform in 1912. I used this image on the home page and on the "The Progressive Party Platform" section of my website. United States. Committee on Economic Security. The Report to the President of the Committee on Economic Security. N.p.: n.p., 1935. Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration. Web. 9 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ces.html>. I quoted this source on the "Social Security Act of 1935" page of my website. This source shows the reluctance of the CES to include health insurance provisions in the Social Security Act of 1935. Truman Speech at National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. 1951. Photograph. Truman Library. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/images/illust73-3736.jpg>. This photograph shows President Truman speaking in support of government involvement in health care. I used this image in the "President Truman" section of my website.

United States. Committee on Economic Security. Toward Economic Security. By Harry L. Hopkins, Arthur J. Altmeyer, Murray Latimer, Katherine Lenroot, and I.S. Falk. Vol. 9. N.p.: n.p., 1935. Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ces/cesvol9toward.html>. I quoted Falk in the "Social Security Act of 1935" section of my website. This primary source was helpful in showing that health insurance was originally on the agenda for the Social Security Act of 1935. "The Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 53 (1945): 176-77. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1583057/?page=1>. This source showed the AMA's opposition toward the Wagner-Murray-Dingell Bill. I quoted Dr. Fishbein in the "Wagner Bills" section of my website. WAGNER, ROBERT. SENATOR. 1905-1945. Photograph. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/21500/21594r.jpg>. I used this image of Senator Wagner on the "Wagner Bills" section of my website. "Where Is Roosevelt Leading?" The Brooklyn Eagle 10 Aug. 1912: n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. <http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=f3081efd3d5417738ddda90994d0405b82 8DF1D3>. This newspaper article demonstrated reactions toward Theodore Roosevelt's "Confession of Faith," and how radical it was seen at the time. I quoted this article in the "Reactions to Theodore Roosevelt's Creed" section of my website.

Secondary Sources: "AMA History Timeline." American Medical Association. American Medical Association, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/ama-historytimeline.page>. The AMA timeline was helpful in tracing controversy toward federal government in health care, as the AMA was one of its strongest opponents. "A Brief History of Government and Health Care." CNN. Cable News Network, 4 Aug. 2009. Web. 8 Jan. 2014. <http://www.cnn.com/2009/health/08/04/timeline.healthcare/>. This timeline was useful for providing information throughout my project. The use of multiple timeline assisted me in my goal to remove much of the bias that tends to surround the topic of health insurance. "Chronology of Health Insurance Proposals." Social Security Bulletin 39.7 (1976): 35-39. Official Social Security Website. Social Security Administration. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v39n7/v39n7p35.pdf>. This information was useful in issues on my website from before 1976. This was a unique secondary source because it showed attitudes toward health insurance in the 1900s from a perspective from 1976, compared to the more recent sources I also used. "Chronology of Significant Events Leading to Enactment of Medicare." The Law, Science & Public Health Law Site. Louisiana State University, n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. <http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cphl/history/general/cornignappa.html>. This source contained a timeline of events leading to the enactment of Medicare. This source was especially useful in the "The Road to Medicare and Medicaid" section of my website. Dean, Andy. Personal interview. 28 Sept. 2013. My interview with Andy Dean, host of the radio talk show America Now with Andy Dean and conservative political commentator, consisted of him discussing that it is not the responsibility of the American government to provide health care, but rather the responsibility of the individual to obtain it. I used an excerpt from this interview in the Present Debate section of my website. The Ed Show. MSNBC. 26 Nov. 2013. YouTube. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mszsv-ob6pw>. I used audio excerpts from this program to support the popular arguments for government involvement in health care in the "Present Debates" section of my website. Both Ed Schultz, the host of the show, and Barbara Boxer, a U.S. Senator from California, are quoted in the excerpts. Goodridge, Elisabeth, and Sarah Arnquist. "A History of Overhauling Health Care." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/19/us/politics/20090717_health_timeline.h tml?_r=5&>. This was the most useful timeline I used as a source. Not only was this timeline extremely detailed, but it also provided links to primary sources. This source also provided images of FDR and Nixon, which I used on my homepage.

Hannity, Sean, and Herman Cain. Personal interview. 28 Sept. 2013. I asked Sean Hannity, host of The Sean Hannity Show and conservative political commentator, and Herman Cain, radio host and 2012 U.S. Republican Party presidential nomination candidate, questions concerning the rights and responsibilities concerning health care. They both provided a current conservative view on the matter. I used excerpts from the interview on the Present Debate section of my website. Hardball with Chris Matthews. MSNBC. 3 Mar. 2010. YouTube. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlrrvnuiox8>. I used an audio excerpt from this source in the "Present Debate" section of my website. This source argued for government involvement in health care. "Health Care Crisis Timeline." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/healthcarecrisis/history.htm>. This timeline helped me in getting started with my project. I used information from this timeline as a starting point of what I needed to research. "A Historical Look at Health Care Legislation." Boston.com. Boston Globe Media Partners, 21 Mar. 2010. Web. 8 Jan. 2014. <http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/03/21/a_historical_look_at_healt h_care_legislation/?page=1>. This was one of the more detailed timeline I used in gathering information about the history of health insurance in the United States. Information from this source was useful throughout my project. "History." CMS.gov. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 13 June 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <https://www.cms.gov/about-cms/agency- Information/History/index.html?redirect=/history/>. This site provided information on Medicare and Medicaid. This information was useful in the "President Johnson" section of my website. "The History of the US Health Care Reform Effort." Fox News. FOX News Network, 28 June 2012. Web. 8 Jan. 2014. <http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/06/27/us-health-care-reform-effortsthrough-history/>. This timeline provided me with a view on the history of health care. The source provided details from the conservative view of the issue that were often absent in other sources. "HNN's History of Healthcare Reform." History News Network. George Mason University, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://hnn.us/article/146911>. This timeline provided information on health care for all the time periods covered in my website. Focus on the federal government's role in the issue made this a very helpful source. Hoffman, Beatrix. "Health Care Reform and Social Movements in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 93.1 (2003): 75-85. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1447696/>.

This article provided information about health care throughout the 20th century. The information was useful throughout my project, but especially in topics concerning the AALL Bill and the AMA. Palmer, Karen S. "A Brief History: Universal Health Care Efforts in the US." Physicians for a National Health Program. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pnhp.org/facts/a-briefhistory-universal-health-care-efforts-in-the-us>. The author of this source showed a bias in favor of government involvement in health care. The events referenced in this source were described very well however and I used information from this source throughout my website. Presidential Debate. PBS. 3 Oct. 2012. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid20872930001?bckey=aq~~,aaaaag_hivy ~,sgdjai7wvss4rrk9xvamelazl101ypif&bctid=1877061850001>. I used video excerpts from this debate on the Present Debate section of my website. These excerpts showed President Obama s support for the Affordable Care Act and Mitt Romney s opposition toward the Affordable Care Act. "Soon or Later On: Franklin D. Roosevelt and National Health Insurance, 1933-1945." Questia. Cengage Learning, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. <http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1g1-54859918/soon-or-later-on-franklin-d-roosevelt-and-national>. This website contained a quote from FDR regarding national health insurance that I used when discussing FDR in my website.