Kamala Harris U.S. Senator, California January 2017 present

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Kamala Harris U.S. Senator, California January 2017 present

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APRIL 9, 1865

APRIL 11, 1865 From Lincoln s final public address By these recent successes the re-inauguration of the national authority reconstruction --which has had a large share of thought from the first, is pressed much more closely upon our attention. It is fraught with great difficulty. Unlike a case of a war between independent nations, there is no authorized organ for us to treat with. No one man has authority to give up the rebellion for any other man. We simply must begin with, and mould from, disorganized and discordant elements. Nor is it a small additional embarrassment that we, the loyal people, differ among ourselves as to the mode, manner, and means of reconstruction.

APRIL 14, 1865

APRIL 15, 1865

APRIL 15, 1865

What happens to the South?

Question 1: Land Is South in abeyance? Abeyance: a state of expectancy when the right to property is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner Should plantations and farms in the South be return to their former owners? Is the former Confederacy a conquered province?

Question 2: Repatriation Are confederates traitors? What rights do rebels maintain? How should soldiers, suppliers, and supporter of the rebellion be punished, if at all? By what process do people regain citizenship? Is it automatic? How do states rejoin the union?

Question 3: Rebuilding Who pays for material reconstruction? Not much debate on territory: Union would pay for the rebuilding of railroads, cities What about property lost due to 13 th Amendment? What cultural, economic, political changes will result?

Lincoln s plan Oath of allegiance = pardon Southern states would write new constitutions Abolition of slavery a requirement of reinstatement Many northerners thought Lincoln was too lenient Who should make the rules: Congress or the president?

Johnson s plan Largely similar to Lincoln s Wanted restoration as much as true reconstruction Made it easy for South to be reinstated No real punishment Alexander Stevens, CSA VP, returns to the US Senate

Radical Republican plan Wanted revolution more than reconstruction Advocated full civil and voting rights for all freedmen Claimed Confederate states had committed political suicide Thought Congress should set conditions of reinstatement

Reconstruction Acts (1867) Passed over presidential veto Established military districts in all southern states except Tennessee TN had ratified 14 th Amendment Required congressional approval of all state constitutions Gave the vote to all freedmen

Framing your research Reconstruction was a period of revolution and retreat. Where does your topic fit into that continuum? Casualties: 620,000 to 750,000 (in a nation of 7.5 million) Major southern cities lay in ruin (Charleston, Atlanta, Savannah, Richmond) 40% of southern livestock, farm equipment destroyed 50% of railroads destroyed Over 4,000,000 slaves liberated Major expansion of federal authority banknotes income tax military draft Homestead Act (1862) Pacific Rail Act (1862 and 1863) budget 78m (1860) to 1.3b (1865)

Reconstruction miniproject 1. Find a partner or two (but not three) 2. Read the document(s) 3. Pick 5 (five points of interest from the reading) 4. Add 5 (five supporting facts from outside research) 5. Make something

What I learn from group projects How much I hate people How to do all the work myself The information How to get along with others

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