Reconstruction 1865-1877
Lincoln s Assassination
Questions Why was Where How Booth Who What soon did able was does as the to the assassination enter Booth assassin? war the say ended access to the Presidential after was Lincoln he take jumps box place? assassinated? at to the theater? stage? he Ford s was John a Wilkes Theater well-known "Sic semper Booth, 9 in days Washington, actor tyrannis" a southerner at D.C. theater; presidential Latin for security "Thus always was lacking to tyrants at this time
For Your Information On the night Lincoln was assassinated, a local Washington patrolman had been assigned to protect the President but he abandoned his post to get a better view of the play. The Secret Service was created four months after Lincoln's assassination - not to protect the President, but to protect the economy. Its agents were charged with fighting counterfeiting. At the time, over one-third of the paper currency in the United States was counterfeit. Two more Presidents would be assassinated before Presidential protection became a full-time national priority. One gunman killed President Garfield at a Washington train station in 1881, and another gunman shot President McKinley at the Pan-Am Expo in Buffalo in 1901. After three assassinations in less than forty years, Congress finally assigned the Secret Service responsibility for the safety of the President at all times.
Write this down Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865 at Ford s Theater in Washington D.C. Andrew Johnson becomes 17 th President
Economic Comparison of North and Southern States BEFORE the Civil War North South 1. Cotton Production in 1860 (Southern Plantations) 2. Cotton Consumption in 1860 (Northern Factories) 3. Total Manufactured Items in 1860 4. Total U.S. Exports in 1860 N/A 422 million pounds (1.5 million bales) 90% (including textiles made from cotton) 4,500,000 bales (1.3 billion pounds) N/A 10% 30% 70% (mostly cotton) What happened to cotton production when What is the relationship between #1 #2 and #2? #4? #3? the Civil War broke out in 1861?
V. To army corps commanders alone is entrusted the power to destroy mills, houses, cotton-gins, William T. Sherman, Military Division of the Mississippi Special Field Order 120, November 9, 1864.
Virginia in 1865: Railroad depot in Richmond Image 1 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
Virginia in 1865: City of Richmond Image 2 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
Image 3 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo? Virginia in 1865: Petersburg railroad bridge
Virginia in 1865: Homes in Hampton Image 4 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
Image 5 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo? Georgia in 1865: Home in Atlanta
Georgia in 1865: Ruins of train tracks and mill in Atlanta Image 6 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
Georgia in 1865: Railroad Depot in Atlanta Image 7 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
South Carolina in 1865: Railroad Depot in Charleston Image 8 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
South Carolina in 1865: Main Street in Charleston Image 9 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
South Carolina in 1865: Main street in Columbia Image 10 Describe the damage in the photo. How would this damage after the daily lives of people living in the area? What elements of infrastructure are damaged in the photo?
How do we fix the South? Reconstruction the process of readmitting the former Confederate states to the Union Many plans were thought of A.) (Cont on next slide)
A.) Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan Thought of before Lincoln died Wanted to make it quick and painlessly as possible so it was a lenient plan on the South 10% of white men had to pledge loyalty to the Union then that southern state could form a new state government The new government had to abolish slavery Offered amnesty to Confederates who swore loyalty to the Union
B.) Wade-Davis Bill harsh legislative plan on the South Congress rival plan for Reconstruction Required a majority of white men in each southern state to swear loyalty to the Union Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight in the Confederacy
C.) Johnson s Reconstruction Plan lenient plan on the South Called for a majority of voters in each southern state to pledge loyalty to the United States Demanded each state ratify the 13th Amendment Republicans had expected a harsher plan from Johnson, but were disappointed
D.) Reconstruction Act Radical Republicans plan for reconstruction which was the harshest Divided the South into 5 military districts Must disband state governments Must write new constitutions Must ratify 14th Amendment African American men must be allowed to vote (15th Amendment)
Reconstruction Amendments 13 th set slaves free 14 th made slaves citizens if born here 15 th allowed all men to vote
Freed Slaves Congress created the Freedmen s Bureau (an agency providing relief for freed people and certain poor people in the South) Black Codes greatly limited the freedom of African-Americans, kind of like slavery without calling it slavery (angers the North) A group in congress formed Radical Republicans who passed the Reconstruction Acts
Freed Slaves Cont. Ku Klux Klan secret society that formed and opposed civil rights, particularly suffrage (right to vote) for African Americans
"Time Works Wonders." By Thomas Nast. Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1870. Hiram Rhodes Revels Set in the Senate Chamber, Nast depicts Sen. Hiram Revels sitting at Jefferson Davis s former Senate desk. Revels looks ready to work with written materials in front of him and books on the floor leaning against the desk. These objects are symbolic of education, something that enslaved people were denied for years. At the time, Revels was the only African American Member of Congress. He has the attention of onlookers in the gallery as well as four of his Republican colleagues who surround him (left to right): Sen. Henry Wilson (R-MA), Sen. Oliver Morton (R-IN), Sen. Carl Schurz (R-MO), and Sen. Charles Sumner (R- MA). Notice their facial expressions and body language. First African- American Senator Jefferson Davis Senator Revels
Acts of the 1800s Morrill Act a federal law passed by Congress that gave land to western states to encourage them to build colleges.
Acts of the 1800s Pacific Railway Act gave railroad companies loans and large land grants that could be sold to pay for construction costs. R/R companies sold this land to settlers which encouraged ppl to move West.
Acts of the 1800s Homestead Act a law passed by Congress to encourage settlement in the West by giving government owned land to small farmers.
Homestead Act
Acts of the 1800s Dawes Act legislation passed by Congress that split up Indian reservation lands among individual Indians and promised them citizenship.
Examine the two (2) land programs in the chart. Decide which program provides the best land deal. Be able to justify your answer choice. Column A 160 acres of free land of choice, must be head of a family, 21 years old Homestead for 5 years = title to free land Homestead for 1 year = $1.25 an acre for title; after receiving title, free to sell the land Homestead Act Column B 160 acres of free land to each head of a family; land chosen for you title to land held in trust for 25 years by U.S. government; cannot sell your land during this time Dawes Act
Dawes Act