What were the major plans for Reconstructing the South? Copy information into your notes.
End of the Civil War On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA. After 4 years the bloody war was finally over. About 25,000 of the 125,000 GA soldiers who fought for the Confederacy died during the war.
Lincoln s Plan 10% plan Lincoln announced his plan in 1863 a year and a half before the end of the war. His plan had 3 components: Lincoln would appoint provisional governors for the southern states Southerners would be pardoned after taking oath of allegiance. After 10% of voters had taken oath, states could send reps. back to congress and reform state governments
Reconstruction Lincoln never got to see the South rebuilt because he was assassinated. Andrew Johnson became the USA s 17 th president and now had the task of rebuilding the nation. President Johnson was a southern Democrat who was loyal to the Union during the war. He favored a form of reconstruction that was less harsh on the South but did little to guarantee the rights of slaves.
Johnson s Plan Very similar to Lincoln s Plan Components Very wealthy southerners had to apply to the President for a pardon Southern states had to approve the 13 th amendment. Southern states had to nullify their ordinances of secession. Southern states had to promise not to repay those that had helped them finance the Confederacy.
Outcome Johnson s Plan Pres. Johnson appointed James Johnson as provisional governor for Georgia. Georgia ratified the 13 th amendment. Georgia and other southern states began passing black codes (Voc.) laws that restricted the rights of newly-freed blacks. Examples of black codes: whippings were allowed as punishment, freedmen could not vote, serve on juries or testify against whites.
Conflict over Reconstruction grew so much that Johnson was impeached. Impeach bringing formal charges against an elected official in hopes of removing them from office Johnson was saved by one vote from being removed from office. What other president has been impeached?
Congress plan Congress decided to take over Reconstruction A group known as the Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South. They forced Johnson to add more components to his Reconstruction plan.
Congress plan Component Passed Civil Rights Act of 1866 Southern states had to pass the 14 th amendment, which gave newly freed slaves the rights of citizenship. Outcome Most southern states refused and were put under military rule. Georgia rewrote its constitution and ratified 14 th amendment in 1868.
Congress steps in again December 1869 Georgia placed under military rule again by Congress Component Georgia had to ratify 15 th amendment (gave black men the right to vote) Outcome Georgia ratified 15 th amendment Jefferson Long became Georgia s first black Congressman and the first black ever to make a speech in the House of Representatives.
Results in GA 1867- Black legislators elected 29 African Americans elected to Georgia House of Representatives 3 elected to Georgia Senate Some elected were Tunis G. Campbell Jr., Henry McNeal Turner, and Aaron Bradley They were expelled from office b/c even though they had the right to vote, they did not have the right to hold elected office.
Results in GA Rufus Bullock became the first Republican gov. in GA. No other Republican served in that office until Sonny Perdue s election in 2002. Georgia s capital was moved to Atlanta in 1868. GA officially reconstructed in 1870.
Freedmen s Bureau Established by the government Designed to help newly freed slaves and poor whites cope w/everyday problems like food, clothing First known as Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 1 st commissioner Gen. Oliver O. Howard
Freedmen s Bureau Later shifted its focus to bigger issues like education and voting rights Set up more than 4,000 primary schools, 64 industrial schools, 74 teacher-training schools Sought to register black men to vote after 15 th amendment was passed