Americaniza*on, Social Gospel, Muckrakers Define Americaniza*on, Social Gospel and Muckrakers
Life at the Turn of the Century! The average life expectancy was 47! only 14% of the homes had a bathtub! only 8% of the homes had a telephone. A 3 minute call from Denver to NYC cost $11.00! Maximum speed limit in most ci*es was 10 mph! Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa, and Tenn. were more heavily populated than California
Life at the Turn of the Century! The average wage in the U.S. was.22 cents an hour! the average worker made between $200 and $400 per year! More than 95% of all births in the U.S. took place at home! sugar cost.04 cents a pound; eggs cost.14 cents a dozen
Life at the Turn of the Century! Drive by shoo*ngs - in which teenage boys galloped down the street on horses and started randomly shoo*ng at houses, etc. - were an ongoing problem! the popula*on of Las Vegas, NV was 30! Scotch tape, crossword puzzles, canned beer, and iced tea hadn t been invented! There was no Mother s or Father s day
Life at the Turn of the Century! One in ten U.S. adults couldn t read or write. Only 6% of all Americans had graduated high school! Marijuana, heroin, and morphine were available over the counter at corner drugstores. One pharmacist said, Heroin clears the complexion, gives buoyancy to the mind, regulates the stomach and is, in fact, a perfect guardian of health.
Americaniza*on
Americaniza*on Movement Textbook: educa*on program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture. CFU: Define the Americaniza*on movement Pair Share: What do you believe assimila*on means? Why would someone not want to become Americanized?
AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENT Way for immigrants to learn about U.S. Schools taught them English, American history & government helped them become ci*zens. "Many Peoples, One Na*on" - - slogan of the Commigee for Immigrants in America, 1915 CFU: What are the immigrants suppose to do to be American? Pair Share: Why are schools the key place for educa*on? How would people look at educa*on?
Resis*ng Americaniza*on Many immigrants did not wish to become Americanized Did not find process quick, easy, and libera*ng Oken aliena*ng and disturbing Did not become undifferen*ated Americans Pair Share: Why would someone not want to become Americanized?
Importance The main goal of the Americaniza*on movement was to A.assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture. B. limit the number of immigrants entering the country. C. improve the living condi*ons in America s largest ci*es. D. encourage people to move from the country to ci*es.
Closure According to na*vists, what was a major cause of urban problems? A. immigrants. B. organized religion. C. poli*cal bosses. D. consump*on of alcoholic beverages.
Closure Which of the following concerns did immigrants have for their descendants during the process of AmericanizaBon? A segregabon from other ethnicibes B being taken out of their home C having to live a life of crime D the loss of their own culture
Closure What was the common response of immigrants to the Americaniza*on Movement? A. Immigrants accepted the push to assimilate. B. Immigrants resisted the loss of their cultural iden*ty. C. Immigrants returned to their na*ve lands. D. Immigrants tried to overthrow American values.
Social Gospel
Social Gospel Movement In the face of so much urban poverty in the late 1800s, the Social Gospel Movement rallied Chris*ans to help the poor.
Social Gospel Movement Salva*on through service to the poor.
Social Gospel Movement Chris*an ethics are applied to social problems, including social jus*ce, inequality, liquor, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, weak labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war.
Seglement Houses Inspired by the message of the Social Gospel Movement, reformers in the late 1800s created seglement houses in slum neighborhoods.
Seglement Houses Provided assistance, especially to immigrants.
Seglement Houses Run by middle class, college- educated women. Provided educa*onal, cultural, and social services.
Seglement Houses Nurses cared for the sick. First houses created in New York City in 1886.
The Female Dominion CFU: What were Female Progressives trying to outlaw? Pair Share Why would alcohol be one of the key fights the progressives undertook?
Muckrakers
Key Players of the Progressive Movement Middle Class Supports Reforms - Professionals Muckrakers A. The Muckrakers - People who wanted to reform society and were not afraid to s*r up the Muck. 4 Goals of the Muckrakers: 1. Improve Economics of the U.S. 2. Improve Poli?cs in the U.S. 3. Improve the Morals of the U.S. 4. Improve Society Economic Reforms 1. Improving the Economy- a. Ida Tarbell - wrote» greed and corrup*on of the Standard Oil company owned by Rockefeller. b. Upton Sinclair - The Jungle» described the Meat Packing Industry» wrote the book to convince people of Socialism» led to the Meat Inspec*on Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
Muckraking Reforms cont. Poli?cs 2. Reforming Poli*cs a. Lincoln Steffens- In his magazine McClure s,» corrup*on in poli*cs» involved exposing local government corrup*on» ar*cles appeared in the book The Shame of the Ci?es (1904).» followed by an inves*ga*on into state poli*cians» The Struggle for Self- Government (1906). Whenever anything extraordinary is done in American municipal politics, whether for good or for evil, you can trace it almost invariably to one man. The people do not do it. Neither do the "gangs", "combines", or political parties. These are but instruments by which bosses rule the people, and commonly sell them out. One is that of the organized majority by which, as in Tammany Hall in New York and the Republican machine in Philadelphia, the boss has normal control of more than half the voters.
Conserva?on b. John Muir and Gifford Pinchot - campaigned to create a Na*onal Park Service - set aside land for na*onal parks, forests, and monuments.
Muckraking Reforms cont. Morals 3. Reforming the Morals of the U.S. a. Prohibi*on and the Women s ChrisBan Temperance Movement» Women would enter saloons praying, singing and trying to urge saloonkeepers to stop selling alcohol.
4. Improving Society a. Discrimina*on» 1. Poll Tax - Had to pay to vote.» 2. Literacy Test - Had to pass a test to vote.» 3. Black Codes - Prevented African- American from marrying whites, carrying weapons, and serving on juries.» 4. Jim Crow Laws - Segregated Whites and Blacks. The Supreme Court legalized segrega?on in the case Plessy vs. Ferguson.» 5. KKK- In*midated voters