Bluebook Khelani Clay Spring 2017
Purpose of the Bluebook To allow the reader to find your source. It should contain enough information so that the reader can locate your source.
Bluepages v. Whitepages Bluepages pp. 1 56 Guidance for everyday citation needs of practicing lawyers and other legal professionals Whitepages Heart of the bluebook Complex/Detailed Rules of Citation Rules 1 9 = General rules Rules 10 21 = Rules for specific materials
Element Law Review Court Doc. Typefaces Case Names Normal Underline Case Name Short Form Italicize Underline Statutory Compilations Small Caps Normal Unfortunately, the Bluebook insists on two typeface conventions depending on what the text is being used for. For Law Reviews consult Rule 2, and for Court Documents/Legal Memoranda consult Bluepage [B] Rule 1. Be sure to check with local rules for Court Documents in case they differ. Titles of Books/Articles Italicize Underline Titles of Legislative Materials Normal Underline Explanatory phrases introducing subsequent case history Italicize Underline Introductory Signals, e.g. See Italicize Underline Cross references Italicize Underline Id. Italicize Underline Law Review or Journal title abbreviations Small Caps Normal
Signals Eg., See, cf., accord
Signals for Support Rule 1.2(a) No Signal E.g. Accord See See Also Cf Used when authority cited: Directly states the proposition Identifies the source of the quote; Identifies an authority directly in the text Used when a number of cases could be employed to state a proposition, e.g. a standard of review Used to refer to 2 or more authorities that support the proposition, BUT only when the text refers to an authority or quotation Used when the proposition in the text is NOT directly stated in the cited authority but the inference is CLEAR Used when there is already a see cite and the writer wants to add more authorities Used to cite an authority that supports a different proposition but gives support to the proposition you are writing in the text ALWAYS use a parenthetical to explain why the analogy should always be present
Signals for Comparison Rule 1.2(b) Compare [and] Must use all together with [and]
Signals for Contradictions Rule 1.2(c) Contra But see Used to indicate that a no signal signal is directly contradicted by another no signal authority Used to show an authority that is clearly supporting a contradicting proposition to what will be used for a see signal
Background Information Rule 1.2(d) See Generally Signals other materials that would be helpful to provide background material
String Cites and Order of Authorities [Rule 1.4] A string cite is composed of more than one authority. Separate each with a semi-colon. String cites are used when multiple citations are required to substantiate a statement, to highlight a string of similiar or historical cases, when referring to laws in multiple states, etc. unless one authority is "considerably more helpful or authoritative" than the others, you should follow the complicated priority rules in Rule 1.4. A good rule of thumb is to always list the highest court or jurisdiction first - thus Federal, then State, then Foreign. Any other sources should go afterwards unless "considerably more helpful or authoritative" than the others. Note: any short forms are ordered in the same way as full citations.
Case Citations
Cases Rule 10 pp. 94-117 Always retain the first word in each parties name; if consolidated case use only the first set of parties. Always use first listed party; for In re cases, use the first listed item or group Use parallel citations according to local rules of court or the rules of your journal. Most law reviews cite to the regional reporter. Public domain citations are covered in Rule 10.3.3
Pending Case Citation Rules 10.5 (c) and 10.8.1 When citing to pending cases, use the date or year of the most recent major disposition (only includes initial filing in trial court or on appeal, oral argument, and, for cases dismissed without opinion, the dismissal). Indicate the significance of the date within a parenthetical phrase, unless its significance is explained elsewhere. EXAMPLES: Charlesworth v. Mack, No. 90-567 (1st Cir. argued Jan. 10, 1991). Charlesworth v. Mack, 725 F. Supp. 1407 (D. Mass. 1990), appeal docketed, No. 90-567 (1st Cir. Dec. 20, 1990).
Rule 10.8.1 Unpublished Cases While you will most often cite to cases in reporters, only a small percentage of cases are actually designated for publication by a court and published in a reporter. A citation to an unpublished case that is available in Westlaw, Lexis, Bloomberg Law, or another "widely used electronic database" (Rule 10.8.1(a)) has the following five elements: 1. Name of the case (underlined or italicized and abbreviated according to Rule 10.2) 2. Docket number 3. Database identifier 4. Name of the court (abbreviated according to Rule 10.4) 5. Date the case was decided, including month (Table 12), day, and year
Rule of Five Short Citation Form: Cases In law review footnotes, a short case form may be used if it clearly identifies a case that (1) is already cited in the same footnote or (2) is cited (in either full or short form, including id.) in one of the preceding five footnotes. Otherwise, a full citation is required. Rule 10.9
Citing Statutes
Federal Statutory Citation: Rule 12 Rule 12 Basically TWO components 1. information identifying the code and code section 2. parenthetical information containing the date of the code and any relevant supplement (this information may also include a reference to the publisher of the code).
Federal Statutory Citation Look to TABLE T1.1 to find the exact requirements for citation to a particular federal code. In T1.1, you will find info on: every U.S. jurisdiction & how to cite codes for every jurisdiction which code to cite if more than one code is published how to abbreviate the name of the code and whether the name of the publisher must be included with the date in the parenthetical
Federal Statutory Citation In a citation to a Title Code (i.e., in citations to all federal legislation), you need: the title number the abbreviated name of the code the section symbol the section number and a parenthetical containing the date the book was published and, if necessary, the publisher NOTHING IS UNDERLINED IN A STATUTORY CITATION
Examples Your basic cite: 7 U.S.C. 456 (2006). To indicate that you are citing to more than one numbered section, use a double section symbol. Do not use et seq. 7 U.S.C. 456, 789 (2006). Do NOT use double section symbols when you are citing to multiple sub-sections within the same numbered section. See Bluebook Rule 3.3(b) 7 U.S.C. 456(a)-(b) (2006). In most cases, you may omit the name of the statute, EXCEPT WHERE Rule 12.3.1(a) tells you to include the official or popular name of a statute if the statute is commonly known by its name. Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1314 (2006).
Dates Determining what date or dates to include in the parenthetical can be confusing. When citing a bound volume of a code, if all of your material appears in the main volume, provide the year that appears on the spine of the volume, the year that appears on the title page, or the latest copyright year in that order of preference. 7 U.S.C. 456 (1999). If all of your cited material appears in a supplement, then include the abbreviation Supp. and the year that the supplement was published. 7 U.S.C. 456 (Supp. 2006). If your reader would need to consult both the main volume and the supplement, then you must include BOTH pieces of information connected by an ampersand. 7 U.S.C. 456 (1999 & Supp. 2006). If you are citing to a code that you found on Lexis or Westlaw, then you need to look at the Code provision and there will be some indication that the Code is current through a certain date; the year through which the Code is current should be used for the year in the date parenthetical. 7 U.S.C. 456 (West, WESTLAW through the 1999 Sess.).
Federal Statutory Citation: Different Codes You will need to refer to T1 to make sure that you are citing the appropriate code. Rule 12.3 and T1.1 tell you to cite the United States Code if the statute is found therein; otherwise, you may cite to the United States Code Annotated, United States Code Service, or United States Code Unannotated in that order of preference. Examples Unofficial: U.S.C.A. & U.S.C.S. 42 U.S.C.A. 1983 (West 2000 & Supp. 2005). 42 U.S.C.S. 1983 (LexisNexis 2005).
State Statutory Citation The citation form for state statutes is similar to federal statutes BUT the challenge is that each state has a DIFFERENT system of compiling and publishing statutes. Thus, each state has a slightly different citation form for statutes. Bluebook Table T1.3 indicates the proper format. Generally, each citation will include the following: An abbreviated name of the state code (using large and small capitals); Possibly the name of a subject matter if the code is arranged by subject matter; Numerical information pointing the reader to a specific statutory provision; Possibly the publisher of the code; and The year of publication.
State Statutory Citations You need to cite to New York s Penal Law. Bluebook T1.3 tells us that statutory compilations can be found in McKinney s Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated T1.3 tells us that the code abbreviation is N.Y. [insert subject] Law [insert section number] (McKinney Year). So a cite might look like: N.Y. PENAL LAW 34.34 (McKinney 1999). Other Examples CAL. FIN. CODE 509 (West 1990). VA. CODE ANN. 20-60.3 (2000). NOTE: Some states, such as California and Michigan, have more than one statutory compilation. Generally, the Bluebook prefers citations to the official code. T1.3 tells you which compilation to cite to in order of preference. Some compilations require you to indicate the publisher in the date parenthetical.
Statutory Citation: Short Form Rule 12.10 In law review citations, use any of the forms listed in the Short Citation column on the table on page 124 that clearly identifies a statute if the statute is already cited (in either full or short form, including id.) in either the same footnote or in a manner such that it can be readily found in one of the preceding five footnotes, again including id. Otherwise, use the full citation form.
Citing Legislative Materials
Rule 13 Consult Bluebook Rule 13 for citation of legislative materials. NOTE: Most of the examples reference House documents, but the Senate also produces paper documents which roughly correspond with the House documents described.
Bills & Resolutions EXAMPLES WCL Student Holiday Act, S. 1331, 95th Cong. (1977). When citing an UNENACTED FEDERAL BILL, include: Name of the bill (if relevant) Abbreviated name of the chamber Number of the bill Number of the Congress Section number (if any) Year of publication H.R. 342, 96th Cong. (1988). HINT: Cite an ENACTED BILL as a statute, unless used as legislative history (R13.2(b)), in which case they are cited as unenacted bills.
Once a bill is introduced, it is referred to committee & usually subcommittee. Both committees and subcommittees will typically hold hearings on bills. Citation to committee hearings is governed by Rule 13.3 Hearings Rule 13.3 When citing a FEDERAL COMMITTEE HEARING, include: Entire subject matter title as it appears on the cover Bill number (if any) Subcommittee name (if any) Committee name Number of the Congress Page number of particular material being cited (if any) Year of publication HINT: Committee and subcommittee names may be abbreviated in accordance with T6, T9, and T10. EXAMPLE Protection from Personal Intrusion Act and Privacy Protection Act of 1998: Hearing on H.R. 2448 and H.R. 3224 Before the H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 105th Cong. 68-70 (1989) (statement of Madeline Kunin, Governor of Vermont).
After hearings, a committee votes to recommend or deny passage of a bill. The committee then issues a committee report. Committee reports are numbered sequentially in the federal system. Citation to committee reports is governed by Rule 13.4. Committee Reports Rule 13.4 When citing a NUMBERED FEDERAL REPORT, include: Name of the house Number of the Congress Connected by a hyphen to the number of the report Part or page number on which material being cited appears Year of publication EXAMPLE H.R. REP. NO. 99-253, pt. 1, at 54 (1977).
Committee Reports (Cont.) Some, but not all, committee reports are printed in the United States Code Congressional and Administrative News (abbreviated U.S.C.C.A.N. ). If the committee report also appears in U.S.C.C.A.N., then give that cite. EXAMPLE H.R. Rep. No. 99-253, pt. 1, at 54 (1977), reprinted in 1977 U.S.C.C.A.N. 2298, 2299. If citing to a conference report, use this format: S. Rep. No. 95-601, at 5 (1977) (Conf. Rep.)
Debates Rule 13.5 After a committee report is issued, the bill goes to the floor of the House or the Senate for a vote. Here, the bill is debated. Congressional Record publishes transcripts of these debates. Congressional Record is published daily during each legislative session. At the end of each session, all daily editions are published in a bound edition. Rule 13.5 pertains to the citation of congressional debates. Cite congressional debates after 1873 to the Congressional Record EXAMPLE: 123 Cong. Rec. 30,938 (1977). Use the daily edition for matters not yet appearing in the permanent edition. EXAMPLE: 123 Cong. Rec. H10,073 (daily ed. Sept. 26, 1977).
Short Forms for Legislative Materials Federal Bill (unenacted) Full Citation Text Short Citation H.R. 3055, 94 th Cong. (1976). Federal Report H.R. Rep. No. 92-98 (1971). House Bill 3055 H.R. 3055 House Report 98 H.R. REP. NO. 92-98
Citing Administrative & Executive Publications
Administrative & Executive Agencies Congress delegates a great deal of lawmaking authority to administrative & executive agencies under specific statutes. When an agency is created, the enabling statute usually grants that agency the authority to promulgate regulations. Regulations are law, and have the full effect of statutes, but the regulations may not exceed the scope of the statute that authorized them.
Bluebook Rule 14 concerns administrative and executive publications. Citing Administrative & Executive Publications Rule 14 The primary sources of federal administrative materials are: Code of Federal Regulations (Rule 14.2(a)) Federal Register (Rule 14.2 (a) and (b)). If the regulation you are citing appears in both the Federal Register and the C.F.R., the C.F.R. is the preferred cite.
Code of Federal Regulations The C.F.R. is the official compilation of codified administrative rules and regulations and is organized and cited much like the United States Code. Generally, a regulation can be cited by: common name title number abbreviation of the set of regulations (C.F.R.) section number year of the code edition cited (use the date on the relevant volume of the C.F.R., not the date of adoption of the rule).
Citing to the Code of Federal Regulations Example 38 C.F.R. 3.301 (1990). However, if a regulation is commonly known by name, include the name. EPA Effluent Limitation Guidelines, 40 C.F.R. 405.53 (1989). NOTE: If the regulation or proposed rule does not yet appear in the current edition of C.F.R., then cite to the Federal Register.
Federal Register When an administrative agency proposes a regulation, notice of that proposed regulation is published in the Fed. Register. When a regulation is adopted in its final form, it will appear first in the Federal Register and then in the C.F.R. Federal Register cites generally require: any commonly used name of the rule or regulation volume number abbreviation of the set of regulations (Fed. Reg.) page number date future C.F.R. cite (if available)
Federal Register Remember if the proposed or final rule is known by a common name, you should include it in the citation as well. Disabling Effects of Chronic Alcoholism, 54 Fed. Reg. 40,688 (Dec. 21, 1989) (to be codified at 20 C.F.R. pt. 4). For a proposed regulation, ALSO add the date of the proposal Disabling Effects of Chronic Alcoholism, 54 Fed. Reg. 40,688 (proposed Oct. 27, 1989) (to be codified at 20 C.F.R. pt. 4). Pinpoint citation indicate not only the beginning page of the rule, but also the specific page on which the cited material appears: EXAMPLE 64 Fed. Reg. 39.774, 39,777 (Mar. 7, 1999) (to be codified at 28 C.F.R. pt. 90). 38 Fed. Reg. 32,083 (Sept. 30, 1984) (to be codified at 12 C.F.R. pt. 5).
Administrative adjudications are cited like cases EXCEPT for their names. Administrative Adjudications Rule 14.3.1(a) With administrative adjudications only cite using the reported name of the first listed private party (abbreviated according to Rule 10.2) or by the official subject-matter title. Rule 14.3.1(a) EXAMPLE: Trojan Transp., Inc., 249 N.L.R.B. 642 (1980).
Cite using both parties names if given, otherwise cite as an administrative adjudication. Include the name of the arbitrator in a parenthetical after the date parenthetical. Rule 14.3(b) Arbitrations Rule 14.3(b) EXAMPLE: Kroger v. Amalgamated Meat Cutters, Local 539, 74 Lab. Arb. Rep. (BNA) 785, 787 (1980) (Doering, Arb.). The list of official federal administrative reporters is found in T1.2.
Secondary Sources
Books & Other Nonperiodic Materials (Treatises, Hornbooks, Textbooks) Rule 15 The basic citation form for a book: The volume number (if a multi-volume set) The full name of the author or authors (you do not rewrite the author s name to put the author s surname first) The title of the book The section, page, or paragraph cited, if applicable The editor and/or translator, if applicable The date JASPER FORDE, THE EYRE AFFAIR 78 (2003). ROBERT A. LUBIN, THE LAW OF PROPERTY 343 (3d. ed. 1997).
Books & Other Nonperiodic Materials If the book has two authors, include both names joined by an ampersand (&) in the order that the names appear in the book. If the book has more than two authors, you may include the name of only the first author immediately followed by the words ET AL. Titles should be capitalized according to Bluebook Rule 8. Always capitalize the first word in a title and the first word following a colon. If the book has many editions or translations, you will need to include the editor or translator. The last piece of information is the publication date. Some books are published in different editions. The page numbers of various editions will not usually be consistent, so your reader needs to know which edition you are citing.
Legal Encyclopedias Rule 15.8 The Basic Citation form for an Encyclopedia: Examples The Volume Number The Abbreviated Name of the Encyclopedia The name of the Encyclopedia (italicized) The Section Cited (with a space between the section symbol and section number) A parenthetical Containing the date of the book, including, if appropriate, the date of the pocket part and supplement 23 C.J.S. Torts 23 (1989). 24 AM. JUR. 2D Torts 56 (1997).
A.L.R. Annotations Rule 16.7.6 The basic citation form for an A.L.R. annotation: EXAMPLE: The author s full name followed by the notation Annotation The title of the Annotation, italicized The volume number The A.L.R. series The starting page of the Annotation The pinpoint citation to the specific page or pages cited A parenthetical containing the date, including, if appropriate, the date of the pocket part. Emily P. Smith, Annotation, Use of Hypnosis on Witnesses with Failed Memories, 11 A.L.R. FED. 509 (1986 & Supp. 2006).
Legal Periodicals The basic citation form for a law review article: The author s full name (If the work is written by a student, then the type of article (e.g., Note, Comment) should appear after the author s name) The title of the article, italicized The volume number of the publication The abbreviated name of the publication The starting page of the article The pinpoint citation to the specific page(s) cited The parenthetical containing the date of the publication. Stephen R. Heifetz, Blue in the Face: The Bluebook, the Bar Exam, and the Paradox of our Legal Culture, 51 RUTGERS L. REV. 695, 697 (2004). Robin Moore, Note, Race and Class Bias in Sentencing, 13 CRIM. JUST. L. REV. 200 (1984).
Consecutively v. Nonconsecutively Paginated Articles Consecutively Paginated First issue within each volume starts on page 1 and pages in all subsequent issues within that volume are numbered consecutively Example: A volume has two issues with the first containing pages 1 to 180 and the second issue containing pages 181 to 370. This is a consecutively paginated volume. When citing an article in the volume, give the page number but not the issue number. An issue or volume may contain muliptle articles, editorials, etc., within that same issue or volume. When citing to that particular article in a consecutively paginated article, the page cite will be from that issue or volume's page range. You will not have to additionally cite to a sub-issue or quarterly edition. Follow Rule 16.3 EXAMPLE: Thomas Crocker, Envisioning the Constitution, 57 AM. U. L. R. 1 (2007). Non-Consecutively Paginated If each issue in a volume begins at page 1, then the volume is nonconsecutively paginated. In your citation you will need to indicate the issue as it appears on the cover. See Rule 16.5 EXAMPLE: Stephanie Francis Ward, Virtually Practicing, 95 A.B.A. J., no. 4, 2009 at 44.
Internet, Electronic Media & Other Non-Print Resources Rule 18 Truly the bane of your existence!! Covers everything from films, broadcasts, recordings and microform.. And most importantly, when and how you can cite to an online version of a source READ THIS ENTIRE RULE BEFORE YOU CITE ANYTHING
Use T.13 to abbreviate publication titles Online Newspapers Online can be used to replace the print version, otherwise, the preference is that you cite to the print version
No longer use the available at signal to say something is online Cite directly to internet sources Sources that can be cited to as if to the original print source R. 18.2.1. You can cite to the online version if it is an authenticated, official or exact copy of a source you can cite directly to the print; if it has been altered you must cite to the online. Washington College of Law, http://wcl.american.edu (last visited Nov. 10, 2016).
Electronic Media & Online Sources When citing to materials contained in a commercial electronic database, give the name of the database and any identifying codes or numbers that uniquely identify the material. If the name of the database is not clear from the database identifier, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation. EXAMPLES H.R. 3781, 104th Cong. 2(b) (1996), 1996 CONG US HR 3781 (Westlaw). H.R. Rep. No. 92-98 (1971), reprinted in 1971 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1017, 1971 WL 11312
Citing to content from online Databases Cases, rule 10.8.1 Constitutions, rule 11 Statutes, rule 12.5 Legislative Materials, rule 13.7 Regulations, rule 14.4 Books, Reports, and Other Nonperiodic Materials, rule 15.9 LEXIS, Westlaw, Bloomberg Law, and other commercial electronic databases should be cited in preference to the other sources covered by rule 18. Do not treat online and print versions of a book interchangeable unless the online source is an exact copy of the original as dictated by rule 18.2.1(a). Periodical Materials, rule 16.8
Citations to Internet Sources Try to provide: 1. Author 2. Title 3. Main Page Title 4. URL 1. Other rules may apply here 5. Date and Time R. 18.2.2
Social Media Posts If the content is on social media, place the title between the author and the platform Ex ample: Michelle Obama (@FLOTUS), Twitter (Oct. 17, 2016, 11:21 AM). https://twitter.com/flotus/status/788 037157461962752?lang=en.
Citing International Law Resources
International & Foreign Law Sources Rules 20 & 21 Rule 20 Rule 21 Provides general information about citing materials from non-u.s. countries. Table 2 contains jurisdiction specific examples of citations. Covers non-english materials and includes provisions for non-roman alphabet citations. Covers International Materials, including treaties, conventions, agreements and ICJ, UN, EU and WTO materials. Covers European Court of Human Rights, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter-American Court on Human Rights, the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea and International Criminal Tribunals as well as international cases in national courts. General format is Name of treaty, date and citation, using appropriate abbreviations and date format. Note that UN material only available on the Internet is to be cited according to Rule 18.1
Treaties & Other International Agreements Rule 21.1 There are 2 kinds of treaties Bilateral Treaties Multilateral Treaties Treaty cites should include Treaty Name Abbreviated Names of Treaty Parties (if treaty is only between 2 parties) Reference to a specific treaty article if there is a pinpoint Date of Signing Treaty Sources Look to the Treaty Sources in the Bluebook T.4
Is the U.S. a party to the treaty? If the U.S. is a party to the treaty apply rule 21.4.5(a)(1) for bilateral treaties, and 21.4.5.(a)(ii) for multilateral treaties If the U.S. is not a party apply rule 21.4.5(b) Rule 21.4
Examples of Treaty Citations Bilateral treaty & U.S. is a party: Multilateral treaty & U.S. is a party: Multilateral treaty & U.S. is not a party: Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, U.S.-Austl., art. 1, Aug. 6, 1982, 35 U.S.T. 1999. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies art. 6, Jan. 27, 1967, 18 U.S.T. 2410, 610 U.N.T.S. 205. Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union art. 122(2), Mar. 30, 2010, 2010 O.J. (C 83) 47.
International Law Cases Rule 21.5 Type of Court Example of Citation World Court Certain Property (Liechenstein v. Germ.), 2005 ICJ 1 (Feb. 10). Court of Justice of the European Union Case T-201/04, Microsoft v. Comm'n, 2007 E.C.R. II-1. European Court of Human Rights Procola v Luxembourg, 326 Eur Ct HR (ser A) (1995). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Inter-American Court of Human Rights International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea International Criminal Tribunals Victor Nicolas Sanchez et al. v. United States, Case 65/99, Inter-Am. C.H.R., Report No. 104/105, OEA/Ser.L./V/II.124 doc. 5 (2005). Restrictions to the Death penalty (Arts. 4(2) and 4(4) American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-3/83, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. A) No. 3, 70 (Sept. 8, 1983). M/V Saiga (No.2)(St. Vincent v. Guinea), Case No.2, Order of Jan. 20, 1998, 2 ITLOS Rep. 4, 5. i.e., Yugoslavia: Prosecutor v. Tadic, Case No. IT-94-1-I, Decision on the Defense Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, P 94 (Int'l Crim. Trib. for the Former Yugoslavia Oct. 2, 1995).
International Arbitrations Rule 21.6 Use the rules in 21.5 Type of Arbitration Arbitration Awards ICSID decisions Internet Sources Cite by the name of the first party plaintiff or subject matter Use this rule for ICSID international arbitration documents as well Cite to the official source unless the source is a pamphlet containing a single judgment Unless the court or tribunal is identified in the name of the reporter it should be included in a parenthetical Example When traditional printed sources do not contain decisions, internet sources can be used pursuant to rule 18.1 Amoco Int l Fin. Corp. v. Iran, 15 Iran-U.S. Cl. Trib. Rep. 189 (1987). Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A. v. Republic of the Phil., ICSID No. ARB/02/6, Objections to jurisdiction, 154 (Jan. 29), 8 ICSID Rep. 518 (2005). In re Holocaust Victims Assets Litigation, Case No. CV96-4849, Certified Award, at 2 (Claims Resolution Trib. 2001), http://www.crtii.org/_awards/_apdfs/kagan_dr_alexandre.pdf.
International Arbitrations & Claims Commissions Citation Examples Type of Arbitration Arbitration Awards Example Amoco Int l Fin. Corp. v. Iran, 15 Iran-U.S. Cl. Trib. Rep. 189 (1987). ICSID decisions Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A. v. Republic of the Phil., ICSID No. ARB/02/6, Objections to jurisdiction, 154 (Jan. 29), 8 ICSID Rep. 518 (2005). Internet Sources In re Holocaust Victims Assets Litigation, Case No. CV96-4849, Certified Award, at 2 (Claims Resolution Trib. 2001), http://www.crtii.org/_awards/_apdfs/kagan_dr_alexandr e.pdf.
Rule 21.7 United Nations Materials Official Records are Preferred Source Paragraph and Article Numbers should be used for pinpoint citations Rule Rule 21.7.1 Rule 21.7.2 Rule 21.7.3 Rule 21.7.4 Rule 21.7.5 Rule 21.7.6 Rule 21.7.7 Rule 21.7.8 Rule 21.7.9 Rule 21.7.10 Rule 21.7.11 Type of U.N. Material Verbatim & Summary Records Resolutions & Decisions U.N. Reports Masthead Documents U.N. Press Releases & Memoranda Adjudicatory Bodies Established by the United Nations Sales Publications Yearbooks & Periodicals Regional Organization Documents U.N. Charter U.N. Internet Materials
Examples Verbatim & Summary Records Resolutions & Decisions U.N. Reports Masthead Documents U.N. Press Releases & Memoranda U.N. GAOR, 56 th Sess., 1st plen. Mtg. at 3, U.N. Doc. A/56/PV.1 (Sept. 12, 2001). G.A. Res. 47/1 2, U.N. Doc. A/RES/47/1 (Sept. 22, 1992). Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, U.N. Doc. A/RES/217(III) (Dec. 10, 1948). Rep. of the Int l Law Comm n, 60th sess, May 5-June 6, July 7-Aug 8, 2008, U.N. Doc. A/63/10; GAOR, 63d Sess., Supp. No. 10 (2008). U.N. President of the S.C., Letter dated Mar. 2, 2006 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the General Assembly, U.N. Doc. A/60/706 (Mar. 3, 2006). Press Release, Human Rights Committee, Concluding Consideration Of Dominican Republic s Report, Experts On Human Rights; Committee Pose Questions On Police Reform, Treatment Of Migrants, U.N. Press Release HR/CT/740 (March 13, 2012).
Translations of Non-English Language Documents Rule 20.2.5 Provide a citation to the original source in accordance with Rules 20 & 21, but provide a parallel citation to the translated version Ley Federal de Derechos de Autor [LFDA][Authors Rights Law], Diario Oficial de la Federacion [DO], 21 de Diciembre de 1963 (Mex.), translated in COPYRIGHT LAWS & TREATIES OF THE WORLD 421 (U.N. Educ., Scientific & Cultural Org., et al., eds., 1992).
Tips you can use
Need Help Figuring out Abbreviations? Blue pages of the Blue Book Bieber's Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations, 6th ed. Reserve KF 246.B74 Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, 2nd ed., K89.G85 2009 Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/ Georgetown s Guide to Abbreviations and Acronyms http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/guides/abbreviations.cfm
Stumped Cheat the Bluebook The Bluebook is published by: COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW HARVARD LAW REVIEW PENNSYLVANIA LAW REVIEW YALE LAW JOURNAL Find your own samples Search these reviews for your source Use LexisAdvance Avanced Search to search only footnotes If no citation from them, look for a recent citation from another general law review
The Tables Explanation of Major Provisions T1, United States Jurisdictions Page Range Abbreviations and citation conventions unique to the federal government and each state. Includes information about how to cite to both official and unofficial reporters, statutory codes, session laws, and administrative compilations T2, Foreign Jurisdictions Abbreviations and citation conventions unique to many nations T3, Intergovernmental Organizations Abbreviations and citation conventions for intergovernmental bodies: United Nations, League of Nations, European Union, European Commission of Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and abbreviations for a number of additional intergovernmental organizations T4, Treaty Sources Official and unofficial sources where treaties are published T5, Arbitral Reporters Publications where arbitral decisions are published T6, Case Names and Institutional Authors in Citations Abbreviations for common words in case names and institutional author titles. Perhaps the most-used pages of The Bluebook for a legal writer T7, Court Names Common court name abbreviations T8, Explanatory Phrases List of explanatory phrases commonly used to demonstrate the prior or subsequent history of a case
Tables, cont. T9, Legislative Documents List of abbreviations for words commonly used in the titles of legislative documents T10, Geographical Terms Abbreviations for countries, states, Canadian provinces, regions, cities, and territories T11, Judges and Officials Abbreviations for judges' and other officials' titles T12, Months Month abbreviations T13, Periodicals Institutions: abbreviations for organizations and law school names which, when combined with the abbreviations from T13.2 Common Words are used to create abbreviated journal titles Common words: combined with the abbreviations in T13.1, Institutions, to create the proper citation format for a periodical title T14, Publishing Terms Abbreviations for common terms used in publishing T15, Services Used in conjunction with the citation rules from Rule 19 above, this table gives you abbreviated titles for the proper citation of a number of common services T16, Subdivisions Abbreviations for names of document subdivisions that are used frequently in legal citation Index Much more thorough list than this one of all of the topics covered in The Bluebook
MS Word Tips Small Caps PC: CTRL + SHIFT + K Mac: Home tab, under Font, click Text Effects, and then select the effect [Small Caps] that you want to apply to the text Find and Replace Use for formatting as well as text, e.g. italicizing all. after Id. Remove Auto Hyperlinking Word > Preferences > Auto Correct > Auto Format as you Type > Unslect Internet and Network Pats with Hyperlinks Microsoft Office Cross-Reference Tool Use for Supra citations
Questions????? Come see me Khelani Clay kclay@wcl.american.edu Room N214 or ask at the Circulation Desk