Cristóbal Reveco www.adapt-chile.org
CAN THE 2015 AGREEMENT FURTHER ENHANCE SUB-NATIOAL ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE? HOW COULD ACTIONS BY NON-STATE ACTORS PRE AND POST 2020 BE RECOGNISED?
NON-STATE ACTORS & GOVERNANCE -Non-State actors such as multinational corporations, NGOs and scientific organizations are increasingly involved in global governance by taking part in formulating, negotiating and implementing policy at local, regional and global levels. -NGOs holding advisory status to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): 700 in 1992 to almost 3,200 now. Which non-state actors are most successful in exercising agency in different areas of global governance? How some actors are perceived as authoritative in different roles? -Key drivers of this change include economic globalization, technological change, and the growing imbalance in information held by State and non- State actors.
KEY DRIVERS FOR NON-STATE ACTOR PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE GOVERNANCE Different categories of non-state actors have distinct governance profiles. 1. Influence agenda 2. Influence policy makers 3. Take mitigation action 4. Take adaptation action 5. Propose solutions 6. Provide expertise 7. Evaluate consequences 8. Raise awareness 9. Represent public opinion 10. Represent marginalized voices With international climate change negotiations continuing to deliver inadequate commitments by states (UNEP 2013), non-state actors are expected to play a more pronounced role (Andonova et al. 2009). Source: Non-State Actors in the New Landscape of International Climate Cooperation, 2014 International Negotiation Survey
CONTRIBUTION OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN ADAPTATION (NGOs) -Contribute to implementing national climate plans and strategies -Strengthen participation of civil society and local communities -Make local contexts visible (emergencies and needs) -Facilitate the generation of science-policy interactions -Protect local ecosystems -Promote multi-level and integrated governance and advocate for partnerships with sub-national and national governments on local climate action -Support the generation of PPP -Provide policy and technical advice
RECOGNITION OF ADAPTATION ACTIONS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL MEXICO COMPACT Develop local adaptation strategies to address the local impact of climate change. Design appropriate local adaptation plans and implement climate change adaptation and preparedness measures DURBAN ADAPTATION CHARTER - Key information of all local government development planning; - Ensuring that adaptation strategies are aligned with mitigation strategies; - Promoting the use of adaptation that recognizes the needs of vulnerable communities and ensuring sustainable local economic development; - Prioritizing the role of functioning ecosystems as core municipal green infrastructure; Seeking innovative funding mechanisms.
CONTRIBUTION OF SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN ADAPTATION -Contribute to implementing national climate plans and strategies -Make local contexts visible (emergencies and needs) -Promote climate action locally by acknowledging responsibility for laws and regulations that can influence adaptation -Invest efforts into improving urbanisation policies -Ensure contracts and concessions with the private sector include climate considerations
UNDERSTANDING DRIVERS 1. Environmental crisis (water, emergency relief in contexts of fire (new planning policies) and earthquakes (taking about emergency preparedness)). 2. Conflict: transforming behaviour of companies extractive industry and producing industries in coordination with municipalities-. 3. Institutional challenges: the need to reinforce strategies for municipal service continuation (water cuts, fires) 4. National policies: environment and energy (certification schemes, recognition) 5. Political recognition 6. Working agreements with other cities (twinning)
NGOs and LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Greater involvement of non-state actors and local governments can enhance the problem-solving capacity of local governments, add new governance mechanisms to local decision making processes, thus provide for a more inclusive and legitimate form of local policymaking. Support to actions aiming at achieving more efficient cooperation, foster synergies and facilitate a structured dialogue in the area of development between civil society networks and local authorities Raising public awareness of development issues and promoting education for development, to mobilise greater support for actions to address climate change Building the capacity of local governments and enabling people and their community organizations to interact with their local governments Actions aiming at strengthening the capacity of the municipalities in terms of planning and project design.
2015 2020 20 Integration of 2015 s climate agreement and 2015 s Sustainable Development Goals UNFCCC recognition of actions undertaken by cities and local governments: Political recognition Increased funding opportunities Improve posibilities for PPP How could this recognition take place? - Countries must recognise local government s actions - Support international alliances (C40, Iclei, several examples in LA, among many others)
THANK YOU Cristóbal Reveco cristobal.reveco@adapt-chile.org