World War II (1931-1945) Lesson 5 The Home Front
World War II (1931-1945) Lesson 5 The Home Front Learning Objectives Examine how the need to support the war effort changed American lives. Analyze the effects of the war on civil liberties for Japanese Americans and others. Explain how World War II increased opportunities for women and minorities. Describe how World War II caused migration within the United States and the effects of that migration. war bond rationing Office of War Information (OWI) internment 442nd Regimental Combat Team A. Philip Randolph Executive Order 8802 Demographics bracero program
Patriotism on the Home Front Patriotism post Pearl Harbor Americans looked for ways to contribute to the War Effort Joined the Military, Red Cross, Joined the workforce (Women) 5 million Americans enlisted to fight in the war The Selective Service - draft Fight a two front war - Europe and Japan GI s enlisted person in the Military (Government Issued) Minority Groups in the military = help towards civil rights and equality Women Join the Fight Women s Army Corps (WAC) women filled important roles in the military Clerk, truck drivers, lab technicians, electricians Coast Guard, Nurses
Domestic Industrialization American production and Industry War Time Production Lend-Lease Act War Production Board oversee the conversion of peacetime industry to war industry. (WPB) Factories converted (Airplanes, Tanks, Bombs, Weapons)» I-X Center Collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling Office of War Mobilization supervised allocation of resources Scarce materials, regulate production of civilian goods, negotiate labor relations. Production Miracle American Production Helps end Great Depression Helps to achieve victory in WWII» Stalin Without American production, war would have been lost.
Patriotism on the Home Front War on the Homefront War Bonds citizens lend money to the American Government Buy bond, invest in the war Rationing Office of Price Administration control wages and set prices for consumer goods Rationing Coupon Books limited amount of goods people could buy. Food Sugar, Meat, butter, milk, canned goods Carpooling, Victory Gardens National War Labor Board resolve strikes, working conditions and wages. Women and African Americans join the workforce (Rosie the Riveter ) Office of War Information
American Morale Office of War Information worked with radio, print and print industries Support the war effort Movie stars and singers volunteer to sell war bonds. Depict the Germans and Japanese as brutal» USSR depicted as a helpful ally. USO United Service Organization Volunteers server to boost morale of soldiers Citizens get involved Joined the work force (women, African Americans, Retired) War Bonds Red Cross Blood Drives Scrap Collections (Iron, Tires, cooking fat)
Patriotism on the Home Front GDP, Gross Domestic Product, is the yearly value of the goods and services created by a nation. Compare Explain the relationship among the three graphs shown here.
Restricting Axis Aliens Certain Groups faced discrimination during WWII American public became fearful Axis Aliens required to register with the government, submit to fingerprinting, and list organizational affiliations 11,000 German + Italian immigrants held in camps Japanese were required to vacate the west coast German Japanese Italian Jewish Refugees US Government feared that Jewish refugees were Nazi Spies German transatlantic liner St. Louis US Gov t sent boat back to Europe 2016+2017 Syrian Refugees.
INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS When the war began, 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S. mostly on the West Coast In 1942, FDR ordered Japanese Americans into 10 relocation centers Executive Order 9066 Created war zones where anyone could be removed for any reason 100,000 Asian Americans uprooted from their homes. Internment Camps Temporary imprisonment members of a specific ethnicity Japanese Americans + Asian Americans. Japanese Americans felt the sting of discrimination during WWII
Location of the 10 Internment camps In the late 1980s, President Reagan signed into law a bill that provided $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to a relocation camp The checks were sent out in 1990 along with a note from President Bush saying, We can never fully right the wrongs of the past... we now recognize that serious wrongs were done to Japanese Americans during WWII.
Korematsu v. United States 1944 Fred Korematsu and his family were ordered to relocate. Fred failed to submit the relocation. Arrested for violating military order. Court upheld Korematsu's conviction. "Pressing public necessity, In Korematsu's case, the Court accepted the U.S. military's argument that the loyalties of some Japanese Americans resided not with the United States but with their ancestral country, and that because separating "the disloyal from the loyal" was a logistical impossibility, the internment order had to apply to all Japanese Americans within the restricted area.
Japanese Internment During World War II All German, Italian, and Japanese citizens in the United States had to register with the U.S. government. Identify Supporting Details Why was this notice printed in four languages?
Increased Opportunities in Employment War Time production fill the needs of the military Helped to end the Great Depression Women + African Americans join workforce Women Rosie the Riveter 6.5 Million Women joined the workforce Factory Jobs Broke the traditional work women held Weakened common practice that women quit their job Paid less + hostility Day care centers both parents working Knowledge and confidence impacted future generations.
African Americans Increased Opportunities in Employment Still treated as second class citizens Segregated employment practices Battle racism at home and favism abroad Phillip Randolph Called for equal opportunity to work Executive Order 8802 Fair hiring practices in any government funded job Fair Employment Practices Committee enforced executive order 8802 Civil Rights Organization grow NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People CORE Congress of Racial Equality Non-violent protest to fight segregation
Increased Opportunities in Employment Describe trends in women working during and immediately after World War II.
Migration During World War II Wartime causes migration Change in Demographic patterns Rural to Urban North and west Industrial Jobs Chicago, New York, Detroit Native Americans Reservations worked in defense industries Agricultural industry Farmers had to produce more food. Many farmers transitioned to work in factories New machinery + fertilizers Mexican Americans Bracero Program Mexican workers to work on American Farms Racial discrimination Zoot Suit Riots American Sailor attack zooters