In your notes... What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil War?

In your notes... What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil War?

Official Reconstruction

HW read pages 184-189 Quiz on Friday Handwritten notes

Research Paper Outline DUE Next Friday, November 7th Will work on in class! The better your outline = the better your paper!

Reconstruction period in which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877 An effort to repair the damage to the South and to restore the Southern states to the Union

The State of the South 2/3 southern shipping 9000 miles of railroads 1/3 of all livestock 100 s of miles of roads Value of southern property declined by 70% buildings, factories, bridges, etc. destroyed

Create a Reconstruction Plan You should address all issues: Economic (how are you going to help the economy) Political (what to do to make sure they never rebel again) Social (What to do with freed slaves and plantation owners) Be ready to share your plan with the class!

Reconstruction Questions How was the South to be brought back into the Union? What kind of society would the postwar South be? What would be the fate of the newly freedmen?

*Lincoln s Plan To re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states must: ratify the 13th Amendment (abolished slavery) have @ least 10% of a states population take an oath to support the Constitution & the Union Pardon to all Confederates who took the oath disband Confederate governments & form new ones; no former Confederate leaders could be part of the new government

Freedmen s Bureau established by Congress in 1865 food & medical aid, ensured fair wages, established public schools, & created special courts to settle disputes between white & African-American workers

Lincoln s Assassination shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford s Theater in Washington ended Lincoln s Reconstruction Plan Succeeded by Andrew Johnson

*Andrew Johnson s Plans To re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states must: Ratify the 13th amendment accept a Union appointed military governor, who would hold complete power until a new state government was organized limited rights of all former military Confederate officers & all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more

*Andrew Johnson s Plans Public education for all except the freedmen (newly freed slaves) Only whites allowed to vote & to participate in the framing of new southern state governments

Johnson s Social Plans vetoed Congress decision to enlarge the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 would have prevented Black Codes or discriminatory laws from developing

*Radical Republican Plan impeached Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act he illegally removed his Sec. of War from office Senate did not convict (by 1 vote)

*Radical Republican Plan To re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states had to: 1) ratify the 13th amendment 2) ratify the 14th amendment (African-Americans given full citizenship rights) 3) ratify the 15th amendment ( right to vote not based on race)

*Radical Republican Plan 4) Freedmen could vote & run for public office 5) South would be divided into 5 military districts led by a military commander-would remain this way until states met the above conditions 6) (re-)established the Freedmen s Bureau: government organization that would help newly freed slaves

Sell Me Your Plan in partners, you will make an advertisement for one of the three plans for Reconstruction include: a catchy slogan why would this plan be the best choice? why are the other plans NOT a good choice? image(s)

Unofficial Reconstruction

Southern Politics Conflicts in the Republican Party scalawags = white southerners who joined the party, many small farmers carpetbaggers = Northerners who moves South after the war African Americans = registered to vote for the first time

Southern Politics Jim Crow Laws (Black Codes) enforced racial discrimination separate facilities Prevent voting grandfather clauses= only vote if your grandfather could vote in 1867 literacy tests and poll taxes

Literacy Test You have 10 minutes

What does this test have to do with knowing politics?

Lives of Former Slaves started own churches new schools ex. Howard University held public office remained the minority Hiram Revels = first black Senator

Lives of Former Slaves sharecropping = forced many freed slaves to farm land in exchange for a small piece of land and a large percentage of the crops what is this similar to?

Lives of Former Slaves Ku Klux Klan (KKK) = Southern vigilante (takes the law into their own hand) group wanted to destroy the Republican Party prevented people from exercising their right to vote should they be called vigilantes?

Collapse of Reconstruction support for Reconstruction weakened Panic of 1873= diffused attention to the South no Republican unity Southern Democrats gained control courts started to undo political and social changes

Reconstruction and Political Cartoons Purpose: image that has a political point persuade and amuse you How to analyze the cartoon? SCAMS!

S = Subject (What is the topic of the cartoon?) C = Caption (What is the title of the cartoon? What does it mean?) A = Actions (What is happening in the cartoon? Look for movement, actions and dialogue. These provide clues to the message and what the symbols represent) M = Message/ Theme (What is the author s point of view? What is the theme of the cartoon? What is the purpose for making this cartoon?) S = Symbols (What do the symbols in the cartoon represent?)

Reconstruction and Political Cartoons For each of the images provided, do a SCAMS analysis.