Name Class Period Chapter 8: Issues of the Gilded Age (1877-1900) Lecture Notes Section 1: Segregation and Social Tensions (pages 184-191) I. African Americans Lose Freedom A. Federal troops were removed from the South in 1876. 1. Ways in which blacks right to vote was restricted in the South: 2. Segregation via became the norm, and blacks. B. The many strategies used to keep black voters away from the polls were very effective. C. In addition to losing their voting rights, blacks also faced widespread segregation in the South and in the North. 1. The constitutionality of Jim Crow laws was upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case. 2. Still, African Americans refused to accept their status as second-class citizens. Several important leaders emerged and called for equality. II. African Americans Oppose Injustices A. Booker T. Washington was the most of the late 19 th Century. 1. He encouraged African Americans to. 2. Some disagreed with Booker T. Washington B. W.E.B. Du Bois argued that. African Americans alone. 1. Du Bois felt the burden of achieving equality should not rest on the shoulders of 1
C. Another black leader was Ida B. Wells, who. III. Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination and Mexican Americans Struggle in the West A. Chinese face racial prejudice on the West Coast 1. Chinese immigrants also at this time. 2. Faced with severe job discrimination, some Chinese-Americans. B. In the Southwest,, despite a treaty which guaranteed their property rights. 1. Las Gorras Blancas, a Mexican American group, fought for their rights by and publishing grievances in their own newspaper. IV. Women make gains and suffer setbacks A. Prior to the Civil War,, including the call to abolish slavery. 1. Leaders wanted to further the rights of women and were disappointed when. 2. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the. a. Susan B. Anthony in an election in 1872 and was. b. Awaiting trial, she toured the nation, delivering a powerful speech on the issue. 3. Activists did not secure women s during the. Section 2: Political and Economic Challenges (pages 193-196) I. Balance of Power creates a stalemate A. Between 1877 and 1897, were evenly divided. 1. Neither political party achieved control of both the for more than two years in a row. 2. Presidents during the Gilded Age were elected only by slim margins. III. Corruption Plagues National Politics A. Corruption plagued national politics as many officials accepted. 1. The spoils system,, shifted power to a few. 2. This system made the political parties extremely. 2
B. A movement arose to promote. 1. Ending the was difficult. 2. Change finally happened, in part, because President James Garfield was by a man who believed the Republican Party owed him a job. C. Chester A. Arthur became President and supported civil service reform. 1. In 1883, he signed into law the. D. The economic issues of tariffs and monetary policy caused debate during the Gilded Age. 1. Tariffs, which supported American industry but increased consumer prices. 2. Monetary policy disputes concerned the gold standard,. E. policy centered on a debate over the Coinage Act of 1873. 1. Some people wanted to use only. 2. Some wanted to use both. 3. Bankers were worried silver would undermine the economy. Farmers favored it to. Section 3: Farmers and Populism I. Farmers Face Many Problems A. People moving to the West and South in the late 1800s knew that their lives would not be easy. 1. Problems facing the farmers of the West and South a. b. c. d. II. Farmers Organize and Seek Change A. Frustrated by these problems, farmers began to organize. 3
1. These groups formed a network called the. The Grange was formally organized by Oliver H. Kelley in 1867 and gained a million members. 2. The Grange declined after the 1870s, but Farmers Alliances became an important that continued the Grange s goals. III. The Populist Party Demands Reform A. The spread of the Farmers Alliances led to the formation of the Populist Party in 1892. 1. The Populist platform, outlined at the party s 1892 convention in Omaha, NE, called for: a. b. c. d. B. The debate over monetary policy was an important issue of the day. 1. Those who wanted a gold standard were on one side. 2. Those who wanted to use silver were on the other. C. The Populists did well in, electing three governors, five senators, and ten congressmen. D. The Populist candidate for president received one million votes in that election. IV. Economic Crisis and Populist Decline A. An. The Populist Party grew. B. In 1896, a young lawyer named spoke at the national Democratic convention. 1. The speech, with its Populist message of moved Democrats to nominate Bryan. The Populist Party chose to give him their support. C. William Jennings Bryan against Republican candidate in a way that had never been seen before. 1. He toured the country,. 4
D. McKinley won against Bryan in 1896 and in 1900. 1. Bryan s emphasis on money reform wasn t popular. V. Populism s Legacy A. The Populist Party was by supporting William Jennings Bryan on the Democratic ticket. 1. It survived another decade, but its to the two major parties was over. 2. Many of the. The new campaigning style used by Bryan became the. 5