1 The Turbulent 20 s 2 E-Book Info Website: http://my.hrw.com - EBOOK Assignments: Chapter 13: 1) New Directions for Women: pg 399b-400a (answer questions in notebook) Chapter 14: 1) Henry Ford: pg 416b-417a (answer question in notebook) & 418b-419 (answer question in notebook)... 2) Mass Entertainment: pg 424b-426a (answer question in notebook)... 3) Religion in 1920s: 427b-429a (answer question in noteb 3 1) THE RED SCARE 4 Strikes Of 1919!!! Workers wanted better pay & conditions, shorter hours Seattle General Strike = 35,000 shipyard workers went on strike... 60,000 other workers joined Boston Police Strike = Went on strike after coworkers were fired... chaos ensued in Boston Steel Strike = 365,000 steel workers went on strike in Western Pennsylvania... companies used Blacks and Mexicans to replace strikers United Mine Workers Strike = 400,000 coal workers went on strike... organizer John Lewis was accused of being a Bolshevik 5 Marxism & Labor Karl Marx wrote The Communist
Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) Urged armed uprising of the working class to destroy capitalism throughout the world Communism = From each according to his ability, to each according to his need(s) Bolsheviks & Lenin used Labor Strikes to cause Russian Revolution 6 Marxism & Labor Americans thought Labor Unions were trying to cause Revolution in U.S. Eugene V. Debs ran for President 5 times as the American Socialist Party candidate Marx = violent revolution... Debs = peaceful revolution 7 The Palmer Raids 1919... 36 bombs were discovered in U.S. mail Public was outraged and demanded action Attorney General Mitchell Palmer began raiding houses Deported many immigrants for radical
Attorney General Mitchell Palmer began raiding houses Deported many immigrants for radical activities 8 Sacco & Vanzetti Both men were Anarchists & avoided Military Draft in 1917 Charged with murder during a robbery in 1920 Men had guns when police arrested them Judge found both men guilty 9 Sacco & Vanzetti Judge s Statement: This man, although he may not actually have committed the crime attributed to him, is nevertheless morally guilty, becuase he is an enemy of our existing institutions... The defendant s ideals are associated with crime. Protests of verdict formed in NYC, France, Italy Both men were executed for their crimes John Dos Passos (American Novelist): We are two nations
John Dos Passos (American Novelist): We are two nations 10 2) a nation divided 11 Rise of KKK Ku Klux Klan reformed in 1915 @ Stone Mountain, Georgia Carried out kidnappings, beatings & lynchings New KKK grew out of South into North & Midwest New KKK targeted Blacks, Catholics, Jews, Immigrants Had 5 million members during 1920s Helped elect officials in Louisiana, Oregon, Oklahoma, Texas, Ohio, Indiana 12 Fall of KKK By 1930 KKK had only 9,000 members Decline in membership: End of Red Scare, Economic success, KKK s use of terrorism & public investigations of KKK 13 Anti-Immigration By 1920... 25% of nation was foreign born/nonwhite
13 Anti-Immigration By 1920... 25% of nation was foreign born/nonwhite 1919 = 140,000 immigrants... 1921 = 805,000 immigrants Belief that immigrants took jobs & had anti- American ideals Immigration Act of 1924: Excluded all Asian immigrants... massively limited Southern & Eastern Europeans 1925 = 153,000 new immigrants from Asia, Africa, Europe 14 Mexican American migration Immigration Act did not impact Mexicans Employers in Southwest wanted Mexican laborers During 1920s... 500,000 Mexican immigrants came to US Left Mexico due to poverty, lack of jobs, political chaos Went to Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Antonio, El Paso 15 Mexican American migration Many worked/lived in
Left Mexico due to poverty, lack of jobs, political chaos Went to Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Antonio, El Paso 15 Mexican American migration Many worked/lived in Southwest Agricultural Labor Camps Shelters were made of almost every conceivable thing - burlap, canvas, palm branches... We found one woman carrying water in large milk pails from the irrigation ditch... This is evidently all the water which they have in camp. In cities, parents worked in factories & young unmarried daughters went to work... caused conflicts within family cultures [the new independence brought] conflict with their parents. They learn... about the outside world, learn how to speak English, and then they become ashamed of their
[the new independence brought] conflict with their parents. They learn... about the outside world, learn how to speak English, and then they become ashamed of their parents who brought them up here. 16 Black Ideologies - Nationalism & Equality 17 W.E.B. Du Bois Created N.A.A.C.P. Beleived in Black Equal Rights in American society Adopted Communist political beliefs Set up Pan-African Congress Poet, Author, Journalist, Political Activist 18 Marcus Garvey Created Universal Negro Improvement Association National Hero of Jamacia Black Nationalist Journalist, Publisher, Author, Political Activist Garveyism = Pan-African philosophy of mass migration to Africa 19 Langston Hughes Poet during Harlem Renaissance Creator of jazz poetry Left Columbia University due to racial injustice Communist Activist, Poet, Journalist 20 Black Ideologies - Civil Rights & By Any Means Necessary 21 Martin Luther King Jr. Southern Baptist Preacher, Civil Rights/Political Activist, Public Speaker, Author Founder: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Advocated Nonviolence, Socialist Youngest winner of Nobel Peace Prize Inspired by: Gandhi & Quaker Religion
20 Black Ideologies - Civil Rights & By Any Means Necessary 21 Martin Luther King Jr. Southern Baptist Preacher, Civil Rights/Political Activist, Public Speaker, Author Founder: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Advocated Nonviolence, Socialist Youngest winner of Nobel Peace Prize Inspired by: Gandhi & Quaker Religion 22 Malcolm X Born: Malcolm Little... Changed to: Malcolm X... AKA: El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz African-American Muslim Minister, Author, Public Speaker, Black Nationalism Activist Former Pimp & Drug Dealer Member: Nation of Islam Founder: Muslim Mosque, Inc & Organization of Afro-American Unity 23 Tupac Amaru Shakur Born: Lesane Parish Crooks... Changed to: Tupac Amaru Shakur Mother, Father, Step-Father, God Parents = Members of Nation of Islam & Black Panther Party Actor, Poet, Musician, Dancer, Rapper, Political Activist Inspired By: Black Nationalism, Black Panthers, Gang-life 24 WHOTS Ideologies are never static. All current and previous political/social movement have/had roots in past movements. Agree or Disagree Compare/Contrast Tupac s art, Malcolm & Martin s speeches with Hughes art, Marcus & W.E.B. s writings/ speeches.