During the summer of 2010, the pacing guide for third grade History was reviewed based on input from third grade teachers and the following changes were made: Economics concepts were moved to November. This will enable the teacher to teach the concepts of economics and then allow the student to use these concepts when studying Mali, Greece and Rome. Government and Civics concepts were moved to February. Input from teachers indicated that they would like to teach the foundations of the United States government before instructing students on the governments of Greece and Mali. Date Standards/Essential Questions Essential Knowledge/Skills/Understanding / & September MAP SKILLS - - There are seven continents and four oceans located in the world. The equator and the prime meridian divide the globe into four hemispheres. 3.5 The student will develop map skills by - A simple letter-number grid system on maps is used to locate places. a) positioning and labeling the seven continents and five Hemisphere half of a sphere (globe) created by the equator or oceans to create a world map; prime meridian. b) using the equator and prime meridian to identify the Equator an imaginary line around the middle of the earth that four hemispheres; divides the globe into the northern and southern hemispheres. c) The four hemispheres are Northern, Southern, Eastern, Prime meridian an imaginary line that divides the globe into and Western the eastern and western hemispheres. d) locating specific places using a simple letter-number Region general area grid system. - The physical shapes of the continents (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica) and the positions of the five EQ1 Where are the seven continents and the five oceans located oceans (Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern) are identified on a on a world map? world map. - The equator and the prime meridian are used to create the Northern, Southern,,, EQ2 What imaginary lines are used to create hemispheres? Eastern and Western Hemispheres. - Most of England and Spain are located in the northern and western EQ3 In which hemispheres are England, Spain, France, and the hemispheres. Most of France is located in the northern and eastern Locate and use information United States located? hemispheres. The United States is located in the northern and western from print and non-print hemispheres. sources. EQ4 How is a simple letter-number system used to locate places - The letter (left) and number (bottom) coordinates of a grid system identify the on maps? approximate location of a place. Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. EQ5 What are the names of the four hemispheres? 3.6 The student will read and construct maps, tables, graphs, and/or charts. EQ1 What are regions? EQ2 What visual aids are used to gather and classify information on regions? Regions places that have common characteristics; areas having no specific boundaries. Examples land around the Mediterranean Sea and the Western region of Africa Common characteristics same features that belong to a place or a region - Parts of a map: map title, map legend, compass rose - Maps may include a compass rose with intermediate directions of northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest. - Pictures, maps, tables, graphs, and charts are visual aids used to gather and classify geographic information. Gather, classify, and interpret information. 1
October to November EXPLORERS 3.3 The student will study the exploration of the Americas by a) describing the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus, Juan Ponce de Leon, Jacques Cartier and Christopher Newport; b) identifying reasons for exploring, the information gained, the results from the travels and the impact of these travels on American Indians. EQ1 Who were some of the important European explorers from Spain, England and France? EQ2 What were the different motivations of these early European explorers? EQ3 What obstacles did these early European explorers encounter? EQ4 What were the successes of these early European explorers? EQ5 What were the effects of European explorations on American Indians? 3.5 - The student will develop map skills by c) locating the countries of Spain, England and France; d) locating the regions in the Americas explored by Christopher Columbus ( San Salvador in the Bahamas), Juan Ponce de Leon (near St. Augustine, Florida), Jacques Cartier (near Quebec, Canada), and Christopher Newport (Jamestown, Virginia). EQ1 Where are the countries of England, Spain and France located on a world map? EQ2 Where are San Salvador, St. Augustine, Quebec and Jamestown located on world map? 3.6 Read and construct maps, tables, graphs, charts, and pictures to gather and display information. EQ1 What are regions? EQ2 What visual aids are used to gather, display, and classify information on regions? - The first explorers had different motivations and different sponsors, faced different obstacles and met different successes. - Due to European explorations, American Indians experienced changes to their cultures and environment. - Explorer a person who travels seeking new discoveries. - European a person from one of the countries of Europe. Explorer Country Motivations Obstacles Successes Christopher Columbus Juan Ponce de Leon Jacques Cartier Christopher Newport Spain Spain France England To find a western sea route to Asia To discover riches and land to conquer To colonize the New World To discover riches, a western sea route to Asia and colonize Virginia. Small ships, weather, disease Poor weather, poor maps Poor maps Poor weather, small ships First European to discover a sea route to America; discovered the western hemisphere (landed San Salvador) First European to land in Florida; gave Spain claim to Florida Explored the St. Lawrence River Valley and gave France a North American claim Arrived at present-day Jamestown; made four additional voyages bringing more people to Jamestown; was one of the first Europeans to reach the fall line of the James River - Impact of European exploration on American Indians: Deadly diseases were introduced Exploration later led to settlement The settlements led to relocation of the American Indians from their homeland. - Most of England and Spain are located in the northern and western hemispheres. Most of France is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. The United States is located in the northern and western hemispheres. - Locate the regions in the Americas explored by Christopher Columbus (San Salvador in the Bahamas), Juan Ponce de Leon (near St. Augustine, Florida), Jacques Cartier (near Quebec, Canada), and Christopher Newport (Jamestown, Virginia). Regions places that have common characteristics; areas having no specific boundaries. Examples land around the Mediterranean Sea and the Western region of Africa Common characteristics same features that belong to a place or a region - Pictures, maps, tables, graphs, and charts are visual aids used to gather, display, and classify geographic information. - Parts of a map: Map Title Map legend Compass rose - Maps may include a compass rose with intermediate directions of northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest. Make and explain bar and pig graphs. Draw maps of familiar objects or areas. Construct and explain simple charts. 2
November ECONOMICS 3.7 - The student will explain how producers use natural resources (water, soil, wood and coal), human resources (people at work), and capital resources ( machines, tools and buildings) to produce goods and for consumers. EQ1 How do producers use natural, human, and capital resources to produce goods and? 3.8 - The student will recognize the concepts of specialization (being an expert in one job, product or service) and interdependence ( depending on others) in the production of goods and in the present. EQ1 What is economic specialization? EQ2 What is economic interdependence? EQ3 Does economic interdependence exist in our present day community? 3.9 The student will identify examples of making an economic choice and will explain the idea of opportunity cost (what is given up when making a choice). EQ1 Why does an economic choice involve giving up something else? - are used to produce goods and. - Producers of goods and are influenced by natural, human, and capital resources. natural resources resources that come from nature (water, soil, wood, minerals, air, sun) human resources people working to produce goods and capital resources goods made by people and used to produce other goods and producers people who use resources to make goods and goods things that people make or use to satisfy needs and wants activities that satisfy people s needs and wants - Economic specialization focusing on one product or service - Economic interdependence depending on others to provide goods and that are needed. - Economic specialization occurs when people concentrate on the production of selected kinds of goods and. - People make choices because resources are limited. - Economic choice the choice of or decision among alternatives or possibilities. - Opportunity cost the next best choice that is given up when a decision is made. - Economic decision-making requires comparing both the opportunity cost and the monetary cost of choices with benefits. Economic Choices Choices Choices Made Choices Given up (opportunity cost) Ice Cream or Popcorn Ice Cream Popcorn Toy or Favorite Video Video Toy Spend Now or Save for the Future Spend Now Save for the Future 3
December to January MALI 3.2 The student will study the early West African empire of Mali by describing its oral tradition (storytelling), government (kings), and economic development (trade). EQ1 Why was the empire of Mali so wealthy? EQ2 What do we know about the empire of Mali? EQ3 Why were storytellers so important in the empire of Mali? 3.4 The student will develop map skills by a) locating West Africa (Mali) b) describing the physical and human characteristics of West Africa; d) explaining how the people of West Africa adapted to and/or changed their environment to fit their needs. EQ1 Where was the empire of Mali located on maps? EQ2 What were the physical and human characteristics of West Africa? EQ3 How did the people of Mali adapt to and change their environment to meet their needs? 3.6 - The student will interpret geographic information from maps, tables, graphs, and charts. EQ1 What are regions? EQ2 What visual aids are used to gather and classify information on regions? 3.7 The student will explain how producers in ancient Greece, Rome, and the West African empire of Mali used natural resources, human resources, and capital resources in the production of goods and. EQ1 How do producers use natural, human, and capital resources to produce goods and? EQ2 What are some of the goods and produced in ancient Greece, Rome and the West African empire of Mali? EQ3 What resources (natural, human, capital) were used to produce goods and in ancient Greece, Rome and the West African empire of Mali? 3.8 The student will recognize that because people and regions - Africa was the home to several great empires. One of the most prosperous was the empire of Mali. Mali lay across the trade routes between the sources of salt in the Sahara Desert and the gold region/mines of West Africa. For the people of the desert, salt was a necessity. People used salt to preserve food. Miners found gold in West Africa. They needed salt from the Sahara Desert to survive and farmers needed gold, so salt was traded for gold. - The kings of Mali were rich and powerful men who controlled trade in West Africa. Sundiata (SOON-dee-AH-tah) Sundiata ruled the empire of Mali in West Africa. He helped make it one of the largest and wealthiest empires in the region. Mali became an important trade center. Mansa Musa (MAHN-suh MOO-suh) Mansa Musa was a ruler of the West African empire of Mali. He went on a voyage to Mecca and took thousands of people with him. While Mansa Musa was on his voyage he persuaded some of the finest architects, scholars, and other professionals to return with him to Mali. They helped enlarge and enrich the city of Timbuktu. He started a university at Timbuktu. Timbuktu was a center of learning with three universities. Merchants made great profits from the sale of books. One university (University of Kankore) housed an impressive collection of Greek and Roman manuscripts. - The empire of Mali did not have a written language, so storytellers passed on traditions and stories from one generation to the next. - The empire of Mali was located in the western region of the continent of Africa. - Physical characteristics of Mali located in West Africa; near rivers; desertlike conditions; gold mines. - Human characteristics of Mali farmers, miners, and traders - The people of Mali used natural resources (salt and gold) as trade items. Regions places that have common characteristics; areas having no specific boundaries. Examples land around the Mediterranean Sea and the Western region of Africa Common characteristics same features that belong to a place or a region - Pictures, maps, tables, graphs, and charts are visual aids used to gather and classify geographic information. - are used to produce goods and. - Ancient Greece and Rome had access to the sea (natural resource) so they used their human and capital resources to produce ships (goods) which they used for transportation (service in trading. - Mali used human and capital resources to mine good (natural resource). - Producers of goods and are influenced by natural, human, and capital resources. Natural resources resources that come from nature (water, soil, wood, minerals, air, sun) Human resources people working to produce goods and Capital resources goods made by people and used to produce other goods and Producers people who use resources to make goods and Goods things that people make or use to satisfy needs and 4
February cannot produce everything they want, they specialize in producing some things and trade for the rest. EQ1 What is specialization? EQ2 Why do those who specialize have to depend on others? EQ3 Why do people trade? EQ4 Did economic specialization and interdependence exist in the empire of Mali? GOVERNMENT/CIVICS 3.10 The student will recognize the importance of government in the community Virginia, and the United States of America, by a) explaining the purpose of rules and laws; b) explaining that the basic purpose of government is to make laws, carry out laws, and decide if laws have been broken; c) explaining that government protects the rights and property of individuals. EQ1 What is government? EQ2 What are the basic purposes of government? EQ3 Why is government necessary? 3.11 The student will explain the importance of the basic principles that form the foundation of a republican form of government by a) describing the individual rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and equality under the law; b) identifying the contributions of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Rosa Parks, Thurgood Marshall, and Martin Luther King, Jr., and Cesar Chavez; c) recognizing that Veteran s Day and Memorial Day honor people who have served to protect the country s freedoms. d) describing how people can serve the community, state, and nation. wants Services activities that satisfy people s needs and wants - Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with mountains and hills and was surrounded by many islands and the Mediterranean Sea. Greece had limited rich soil The people o ancient Greece built ships, fished, made pottery and farmed. - The West African empire of Mali was located in Africa. Gold was a natural resource. The people of the West African empire of Mali traded gold for salt. - People and Regions specialize because they cannot produce everything they want. - People trade for things they need and want but do not have. - People and regions often specialize in the production of certain goods and. - Specialization encourages trade because people want goods and they do not have. - People trade when individuals or groups benefit from the trade. - Economic specialization occurs when people concentrate on the production of selected kinds of goods and. - In the empire of Mali, some people specialized in protecting the empire while others specialized in growing food for the empire (specialization). - The people of Mali traded (gold for salt) with other people (interdependence). - Community a place where people live and work together. - Laws Important rules written and carried out by the government. - The purpose of rules and laws is to keep people safe and maintain order. - A government is a group of people who make rules and laws, carry out rules and laws, and decide if rules and laws have been broken. - The purpose of government is to make laws, carry out laws, and decide if laws have been broken. - Governments are necessary because they develop the laws and protect the rights and property of individuals. - Governments exist at the local (community), state (Virginia), and national (United States) levels. - Basic Principles held by American Citizens include: The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are privileges that people are born with and cannot be taken away. Equality under the law means that all people are treated fairly. - People who worked to defend the basic principles that formed the foundation of a republican form of government include: George Washington He was the first president of the United States. He worked under the new republican form of government. He helped put the basic principles into practice for the new nation. Thomas Jefferson He was born in Virginia and became the third President of the United States. He wrote the Declaration of Independence, which states that people have certain rights. He was a leader who helped develop our country. Abraham Lincoln He was the United States President when the nation was divided over the issue of equality for all people. He helped free African American slaves. Rosa Parks She is an African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus as was required by law many years ago. She helped bring about changes in laws and worked so that all people would have equal rights. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was an African-American minister 5
EQ1 What are some basic principles commonly held by American citizens? EQ2 How did American citizens work to defend American principles? EQ3 Why do we recognize Veteran s Day and Memorial Day? EQ4 How do people serve their community, state and nation? 3.12 The student will recognize that Americans are a people of diverse ethnic origins, customs and traditions, who are united by the basic principles of a republican form of government and respect for individual rights and freedoms. EQ1 What unites the people of the United States? EQ2 What are some benefits of diversity in the United States? who worked for equal rights for all people. He helped bring about changes in laws through peaceful means. Thurgood Marshall He was a lawyer who defended people at a time when all people did not have equal rights. He was the first African American justice of the United States Supreme Court. Cesar Chavez He was a Mexican American who worked to improve conditions for farm workers. - Days to Remember Veteran s Day This is a day for the recognition of and respect for Americans who served in the military. It is observed in November. Memorial Day This is a day for the recognition of and respect for Americans who died in wars while they were serving their country. It is observed in May. - Some of the ways that people can serve their community, state, and nation include: Being a volunteer Getting involved in community projects Servicing as a government official Joining the military Voting - The American people come from different ethnic origins and different countries, but are united as Americans by the basic principles of a republican form of government, including individual rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and equality under the law. - Republican for of government = representative democracy 6
March to April GREECE/ROME 3.1 The student will explain how the contributions of ancient Greece and Rome have influenced the present world in terms of architecture, government (direct and representative democracy), and sports. EQ1 What styles in architecture used today came from ancient Greece and Rome? EQ2 What principles of government from ancient Greece and Rome are part of our government? EQ3 What sporting events today came from ancient Greece and Rome? 3.4 - The student will develop map skills by a) locating Greece and Rome; b) describing the physical and human characteristics of Greece and Rome. c) explaining how the people of Greece and Rome adapted to and/or changed their environment to fit their needs. EQ1 Where were ancient Greece and Rome located on maps? EQ2 What were the physical and human characteristics of ancient Greece and Rome? EQ3 How did the people of ancient Greece and Rome adapt to and change their environment to meet their needs? 3.6 - The student will read and construct maps, tables, graphs, and/or charts. EQ1 What are regions? EQ2 What visual aids are used to gather and classify information on regions? 3.7 - The student will explain how producers use natural resources (water, soil, wood and coal), human resources (people at work), and capital resources (machines, tools and buildings) to produce goods and for consumers. EQ1 How do producers use natural, human, and capital resources to produce goods and? 3.8 - The student will that because people and regions cannot produce everything they want, they specialize in producing some things and trade for the rest. EQ1 What is specialization? EQ2 Why do those who specialize have to depend on others? Architecture - The ancient Greeks and Romans were two groups of people who made significant contributions to society in terms of architecture, government and sports. - Contribution the act of giving or doing something. - The architects of ancient Greece and Rome used columns and arches in the construction of their buildings. Examples of their contributions are found in our present-day buildings. Greece The Parthenon columns Rome The Coliseum and aqueducts arches The Arts - Mosaics, sculptures, and paintings are displayed on buildings. The Government of the United States - The government is based on the ideas developed in ancient Greece and Rome. Greece birthplace of democracy (government by the people) Direct democracy people vote to make their own rules and laws Rome republican (representative) form of government Representative Democracy people vote for (elect) a smaller group of citizens to make rules and laws for everyone. Sports - Olympic of today are modeled after the games of ancient Greece. - Ancient Greece: Located on a peninsula with many islands, mountains and hills, surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and limited rich soil. - Rome: Located next to a river; city built on many hills; limited rich soil. - Physical Characteristics of Greece and Rome: Greece Mountains and hills, surrounded by Mediterranean Sea. Limited rich soil. Rome Located next to a River, built on many hills, limited rich soil. - Human characteristics of Greece and Rome: Greece farmers, shipbuilders and traders Rome farmers, road builders and traders - Ways they adapted to their environments: Greece Hillside farming; trading took place on the Mediterranean Sea; Small independent communities developed because of the many mountains. Rome Hillside farming; trading took place on the Mediterranean Sea. Regions places that have common characteristics; areas having no specific boundaries. Examples land around the Mediterranean Sea and the Western region of Africa Common characteristics same features that belong to a place or a region - Pictures, maps, tables, graphs, and charts are visual aids used to gather and classify geographic information. - are used to produce goods and. - Producers of goods and are influenced by natural, human, and capital resources. natural resources resources that come from nature (water, soil, wood, minerals, air, sun) human resources people working to produce goods and 7
May June Weeks 30-31 Week 33 and Week 34 Week 25 and Week 36 EQ3 Why do people trade? Review of SOL Material SOL Review and Testing Post-SOL capital resources goods made by people and used to produce other goods and producers people who use resources to make goods and goods things that people make or use to satisfy needs and wants - Services activities that satisfy people s needs and wants - Specialization focusing on one product or service - Specialization occurs when people concentrate on the production of selected kinds of goods and. - People and regions often specialize in the production of certain goods and. - Specialization encourages trade because people want goods and that they do not have. - People trade when individuals or groups benefit from the trade. Teacher-directed review. Teacher-directed review. Teacher-selected topics not covered by SOLs. Teacher made Take Home Review Packet 8