I. THE GREAT DEPRESSION OBJ: ANALYZE FDR RESPONSE TO G.D. & ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS IN SOLVING U.S. ECO PROBLEMS & HOW THE ROLE OF GOV T CHANGED AS A RESULT
A. GLOOM & DESPAIR HOOVER RESPONDED LOCAL GOV T & CHARITIES VOLUNTARISM SMOOT-HAWLEY TARIFF BONUS ARMY 1932
B. RUN UP TO ELECTION 1932 RAGE & ANGER INTERNALIZATION OF INDIVIDUALISM : MEN BLAMED THEMSELVES GDP $104B 29 $76B 32 FARM INCOME $12B $5B UNEMPLOYMENT 25% REPS: RELUCTANTLY, HOOVER UNSYMPATHETIC TO PEOPLE DEMS: AL SMITH OR FDR? FDR RISING STAR: EXPERIENCED, NY GOV WEALTHY ARISTOCRAT WHO RELATED TO THE COMMON PEOPLE
C. FDR WINS THE NOMINATION Wm. McAdoo, FDR, John N. Garner SMITH WANTED REDEMPTION MANY SAW FDR AS FEATHER DUSTER ROOSEVELT DEMS WARY OF FDR EXPERIENCE? HEALTH? PHILOSOPHY FDR TEAM WENT TO WORK 4 TH BALLOT WON NOMINATION
UNPRECEDENTED ACTION: FLEW TO CHICAGO PROVE ROBUST, STRONG & ENERGETIC PLEDGE MYSELF TO A NEW DEAL FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE END PROHIBITION GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO AID CITIZENS
ELECTION DAY LARGEST SWING IN HISTORY HOOVER IN & OUT WITH THE TIDE OF PROSPERITY
D. INTERREGNUM, INAUGURATION, INSTABILITY 4+ MONTHS & ECONOMIC CRISIS WORSENED 24.9% UNEMPLOYMENT 20 TH AMENDMENT, 1/20 INAUGURATION DAY 21 ST AMENDMENT TIME TO TAKE A SHOT, I AM NOT THROWIN AWAY MY SHOT! HOOVER ASKED FDR FOR SUPPORT & DIDN T GET IT NO SMOOTH TRANSITION
INAUGURATION DAY MARCH 1933 PERSONALITY, WILLINGNESS TO EXPERIMENT, MASTERED RADIO, EMPATHETIC
E. A NEW KIND OF PRESIDENT MOST SUCCESSFUL PRESIDENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY? GIFTED ADMINISTRATOR, MORAL LEADER, PRINCIPLED? CHANGED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT & PEOPLE FEDERAL ACTIVISM CHANGED GOVERNMENT NEW DEAL LIBERALISM: EXPANDED INIDIVIDUAL RIGHTS TO INCLUDE ECONOMIC SECURITY CRITICS CLAIMED UNDERMINED WORK ETHIC, DANGEROUS, COSTLY YOU AND I, GREATEST ACTORS IN THE WORLD
II. FDR THE MAN, THE MYTH, THE LEGEND A. HISTORIOGRAPHY WILLIAM LEUCHTENBERG ROOSEVELT REVOLUTION NEW DEAL SAVED AMERICA MADE PEOPLE BELIEVE IT WOULD GET BETTER SPIRIT & EXCITEMENT ABOUT GOVERNMENT BARTON BERNSTEIN 1960 S *NEW LIBERALISM DIDN T TRANSFORM AMERICA *CAPITALISM PROTECTED-NO RE-DISTRIBUTION OF POWER & WEALTH *AFRICAN, MEXICAN & NATIVE AMERICANS, WOMEN, POOR, SMALL FARMERS & SHARECROPPERS LEFT OUT *AVOIDED RADICALISM *PRETTY CONSERVATIVE, DIDN T END DEPRESSION
III. THE FIRST 100 DAYS:MARCH MAY 1933 RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM 3R S A. FINANCIAL SYSTEM BANK HOLIDAY 3/6/33 & EMERGENCY BANKING ACT TREASURY DEPT. TO INSPECT SOLVENCY MOSTLY LARGER BANKS SOME FEDERAL ASSISTANCE REORGANIZATION FOR THOSE IN NEED ¾ REOPENED W/I 3 DAYS 1 BILL IN CURRENCY & GOLD RE-ENTERED ECONOMY ACT: BALANCE BUDGET, CUT GOV T SPENDING, DECREASE PENSIONS 15% - PROGRESSIVES PROTESTED BUT PASSED
THE BRAIN TRUST UNOFFICIAL CABINET HELPED DRAFT & LEGISLATE POLICY
THE CABINET Harold Ickes Frances Perkins Henry Wallace H. Morgenthau, Jr. Interior Labor Agriculture Treasury
MOST IMPORTANT WAS ELEANOR FRANKLIN I THINK YOU SHOULD..
B. CURRENCY, BANKS, STOCK MARKET APRIL OFF GOLD STANDARD, SYMBOLIC JUNE GLASS STEAGALL ACT: GOV T POWER TO CURB SPECULATION BY BANKS SEPARATE COMMERCIAL & INVESTMENT BANKING FDIC ALL DEPOSITS UP TO $2,500 INSURED (1/4MILL TODAY) TRUTH IN SECURITIES ACT PROVIDE INFORMATION PRIOR TO INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) JUNE 1934 S.E.C.: POLICE THE STOCK MARKET; TRIALS FOR FRAUD & LARCENY ANGERED PUBLIC HELPED QUIET THE PANIC FIRESIDE CHATS 1 OF THE FAMILY 35 MILL HUNG ON HIS EVERY WORD
C. NEXT, AGRICULTURE & INDUSTRY 1. AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT END SURPLUS & HALT PRICES FARM FORECLOSURES DECLINED PRICES ROSE, INCOME UP BY 50% 1ST 3 YRS BUT FAVORED LARGE OVER SMALL FARMS, SHARECROPPERS & TENANT FARMERS 1936 SUPREME COURT STRUCK DOWN
2. INDUSTRY BLUE EAGLE PATRIOTIC COMMITMENT NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT 1. AID FOR BUSINESS 2. NRA NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMIN HUGH JOHNSON 3. BUSINESS, LABOR & UNEMPLOYED 4. IMMEDIATE RELIEF & LONG RANGE RECOVERY & REFORM *INDUSTRIAL CODES BB COOPERATE & FORM MONOPOLIES NO ANTI-TRUST MIN. WAGE/MAX HOURS $.25/44HRS SECTION 7A: COLLECTIVE BARGAINING & NO CHILD LABOR
3. PWA PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION UNDER ICKES & INTERIOR CREATED BY NIRA PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS OVER $7BILL IN CONTRACTS TO PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION FIRMS
4. CCC CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS 500,000 MEN EMPLOYED
E. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY-TVA WWI DAM UNFINISHED ELECTRICITY SOLD TO PUBLIC REVITALIZED REGION GEORGE NORRIS
F. FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION HARRY HOPKINS CASH TO STATES TO PROP UP ECO FEAR OF CREATING WELFARE STATE
G. CIVIL WORKS ADMINISTRATION HOPKINS MORE COMFORTABLE TEMPORARY PROJECTS: ROADS, SCHOLS, PARKS DIG A DITCH, FILL IT BACK UP MONEY IN CIRCULATION ROSE
C. DARROW: NRA HURT SMALL BUSINESS BY ALLOWING MONOPOLIES & N.D. MOVING TOWARDS SOCIALISM A. ATTACKS ON NEW DEAL 1. UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH, NO RELIEF EAGLE FLUTTERED TO EARTH TOO MUCH SELF SACRIFICE TOO HARD & TOO BIG TO MANAGE IV. PROBLEMS
2. EXTREMISTS REGIONAL SUPPORT HUEY P. LONG THE KING FISH FRANCIS TOWNSEND IDEA BEFORE IT S TIME CHARLES COUGHLIN MICROPHONE MESSIAH
B. SUPREME COURT & JUDICIAL REVIEW - 1935 1. CONSERVATIVE JUSTICES 2. NRA UNCONSTITUTIONAL 9-0 SCHECTER V. NRA SICK CHICKEN CASE 3. US V. BUTLER AAA UNCONSTITUTIONAL 4. HORSE & BUGGY DEFINITION OF COMMERCE CHARLES EVANS HUGHES