The Bayt.com Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey Nov 2017
Section 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Objectives This research was conducted to gain insights into the current level of understanding and interest in entrepreneurship within the region. The key objectives were to understand: Current work preferences and reasons for being self employed vs. employed Current level of entrepreneurship in the region The perceived barriers to starting a business The ease of setting up own business in current country of residence Perception of entrepreneurs in the region
Key findings Findings show that more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents prefer to be self-employed, with this proportion being considerably lower in Pakistan (39%), Algeria and the UAE (both at 55%). Personal fulfillment (53%) and freedom to choose work-life balance (41%) emerge as the top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. On the other hand, those who prefer to seek employment in a company, do so mostly for the regular income and for learning new skills ( both at 43%). Nearly 7 in 10 of those who are self-employed took the first step to establish their business in the last 5 years. Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve (32%), for more income (29%), achieving a better work-life balance (28%) and wanting to do what they love (24%) arise at the top reasons for having started their own businesses. Over 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business (62%), while 20% have already tried but failed, with financial related reasons being the main obstacle preventing from doing so. This shows that although MENA residents have the entrepreneurial spirit, they may lack the financial resources to put them into action. Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%) with residents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) claiming that to a greater extent. Over half also believes that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing laws and regulations of setting up a business (53%).
Key findings When it comes to perceptions of entrepreneurship, Real Estate/ Property Development (11%) and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) are considered to be the most appealing industries for entrepreneurship, followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG (8%). According to respondents, procuring finances (62%) is the top concern while setting up a business. In regards to the perceived image of entrepreneurs, respondents most strongly agree with the statements that entrepreneurs are opportunity-driven (82%) and entrepreneurs help in creating new jobs (80%). Finally, the most important key to success for entrepreneurship is innovation (27%) followed by employing the right people (25%). To conclude, being an entrepreneur is looked as a favorable career by respondents in the MENA region where a majority of respondents who are not self-employed aspire to become entrepreneurs. However, there are several barriers and gaps, particularly financial ones, prevent them from doing so.
Section 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Sample Definition Age and Gender: Adult males and females Aged 18 and above Nationalities: Arabs, North Africans, Levantines, Westerns, Asians Country of Residence GCC: UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain Levant: Lebanon, Jordan North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan Others: Pakistan Data Collection All data was collected online. Fieldwork was done between 1 October and 22 October 2017. The total number of successful online interviews achieved was 4,570.
Section 3a WORK STYLE PREFERENCES
Work style preference When asked about their work style preference, more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents claimed they would prefer to be self-employed. On the other hand, 29% claimed they would prefer to seek employment in a company. Be self- employed/ have my own business 62 Seek employment in a company (work for pay) 29 Work in a family business (if available/ applicable) 5 Others 4 Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below. Base: Total (4,570)
Work style preference This proportion of those interested in working for firms was considerably higher in Pakistan at 45%, Algeria (37%) and the UAE (36%). 4 3 5 4 7 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 6 6 5 7 7 4 8 2 4 2 6 6 5 2 4 62 55 71 73 68 58 71 63 68 39 59 65 73 55 76 29 37 16 20 24 32 19 30 21 45 32 27 19 36 21 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Seek employment in a company (work for pay) Work in the family business (if applicable) Be self- employed/ have my own business Other Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below. Base: Total (4,570) Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Choice of sector Of those who prefer to seek employment in a company, 59% state that they would prefer to work for the private sector. 41 58 33 29 34 34 29 52 33 35 48 40 67 46 41 59 42 67 71 66 66 71 48 67 65 52 60 33 54 59 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Private sector company Public sector company Q. Would you prefer to work for a.? Base: Those who say they would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay) (1,333) Small base for Jordan (50), Kuwait (58), Morocco (88), Qatar (60) very small base for Bahrain (12), Lebanon (34), Oman (24), Tunisia (21), Sudan (27)
Reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company The main reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company are regular income and learning new skills (both at 43%). Stability of employment (35%), lack of finances to start their own business (31%), fixed working hours (30%) and benefits and perks (29%) follow. Learning new skills Regular income Stability of employment/ job security Lack of finances to start own business Fixed working hours Benefits and perks Unfavorable economic conditions Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business No investment required Lack of an appropriate business idea Consistent resources/ flow of work Lack of necessary skills to be self-employed Little risk involved Lack the confidence for running own business Other 1 12 12 10 10 9 8 8 19 31 30 29 35 43 43 Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay)? Select 3 responses only Base: Those who say they would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay) (1,333)
Reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company By country (1/2) Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27* Learning new skills 43 41 50 40 38 34 47 40 33 42 48 50 52 47 48 Regular income 43 34 75 47 38 47 32 31 46 49 40 45 38 50 33 Stability of employment/ job security Lack of finances to start own business Fixed working hours 35 45 33 26 44 43 59 31 25 20 40 40 43 46 19 31 32 25 28 36 26 24 40 42 30 40 32 29 22 26 30 23 17 29 32 34 41 28 29 34 27 30 29 34 15 Benefits and perks 29 43 33 31 40 21 29 38 25 21 23 23 43 24 52 Unfavorable economic conditions Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business 19 21 33 34 22 9 9 28 17 11 10 19 10 7 37 12 18 8 16 8 14 6 17 21 9 7 10-6 26 No investment required 12 4-4 2 17 24 3 29 29 12 4 5 24 4 Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay)? Base: Those who say they would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay) (1,333) *Small / very small base, please read data carefully
Reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company By country (2/2) Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27* Lack of an appropriate 10 9-10 4 9 6 18 13 10 12 13-6 7 business idea Consistent resources/ flow of work 10 8 8 8 10 16-6 4 11 15 9 19 12 4 Lack of necessary skills to be selfemployed 9 10 8 8 8 7 12 8 8 12 3 9 29 4 15 Little risk involved 8 4 8 9 8 17 9 2 4 11 18 8-8 - Lack the confidence for running own business 8 7-8 10 7 3 9 4 9 5 5 5 9 15 Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay)? Base: Those who say they would prefer to seek employment in a company (work for pay) (1,333) *Small / very small base, please read data carefully
Reasons for preferring to be self-employed Personal fulfillment (53%) and freedom to choose work-life balance (41%) emerge as the top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. Be my own boss, ability to give back to the community and higher monetary gains follow (all at 38%). Personal fulfilment / sense of pride 53 Freedom to choose work-life balance Higher monetary gains Ability to give back to the community Be my own boss 41 38 38 38 Freedom to choose what to work on Build a business my children can inherit 32 31 Freedom to choose whom to work with 14 Avoid uncertainties associated with employment 9 Family members are self-employed 4 Other 2 Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to be self- employed/ have my own business? Base: Those who say they would prefer to be self- employed/ have my own business (2,839)
Reasons for preferring to be self-employed By country Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Base: 2,839 238 52* 604 144 105 128 185 78* 215 111 525 79* 185 100 Personal fulfilment / sense of pride 53 45 46 68 60 43 38 65 29 32 35 57 59 49 46 Freedom to choose work-life balance 41 48 48 38 42 42 41 45 40 42 47 36 35 42 50 Higher monetary gains 38 32 27 45 40 37 30 25 29 26 41 44 53 34 44 Ability to give back to the community 38 48 37 36 36 29 23 53 40 35 37 40 35 32 50 Be my own boss 38 40 40 35 35 46 53 37 45 45 47 33 44 36 21 Freedom to choose what to work on Build a business my children can inherit Freedom to choose whom to work with Avoid uncertainties associated with employment Family members are self-employed 32 31 33 24 30 29 38 28 40 40 32 32 30 43 37 31 27 37 37 27 37 30 19 38 28 28 36 29 25 32 14 15 17 10 16 18 25 15 21 22 15 10 6 16 7 9 8 12 4 8 12 13 8 14 14 13 7 5 15 8 4 5 2 1 2 7 4 4 3 14 5 3 1 5 3 Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to be self- employed/ have my own businesses? Base: Those who say they would prefer to be self-employed/ have my own business (2,839) *Small / very small base, please read data carefully
Section 3b SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Age of business (those self-employed) Of those who are self-employed, nearly 7 in 10 respondents took the first step to establish their business in the last 5 years. 15 In the last 5 years (2012-2017) 17 68 From 5 to 10 years ago (2007-2011) More than 10 years ago (2006 or before) Q. You said you are self-employed / have your own business. When did you take the first step to establish it? Base: Those self-employed (356)
Current stage of business (those self-employed) When it comes to the current stage of their business, over a third of the self-employed are at the start up stage of the business (36%), while another 22% claim that their business is established and performing well (22%). On the other hand, 22% say their business is established but not performing well I am at the start up stage of the business 36 My business is well established and performing well 22 My business is established but currently not performing well 22 I am in process of closing down my business 6 Don t know/ Can t say: 15% Q. Which of the following best applies to the business you have established? Base: Those self-employed (356)
Reason for starting own business (those self-employed) Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve (32%), for more income (29%), achieving a better work-life balance (28%) and wanting to do what they love (24%) arise as the top reasons for starting their own businesses Greater independence in what I want to achieve 32 Wanted more income To achieve a better work-life balance 29 28 Wanted to do what I love Had a great business idea/ concept Wanted to be in control of my own career 23 22 24 Felt the time was right/ got the right opportunity Wanted to be my own boss 19 20 Could not find a job To choose when to work 12 11 Finance was easily available 7 Tried to emulate other members in the family 3 Other 1 Q. Why did you decide to start your own business in the first instance? Base: Those self-employed (356)
Hiring plans for the next year Two-thirds of respondents are planning to hire for their business in the next year 28 2 4 28 21 4 1 27 32 4 9 34 26 24 26 2 31 4 3 4 30 31 28 39 7 6 28 31 35 31 36 2 2 2 7 5 27 25 30 3 2 29 24 19 2 2 3 3 26 43 36 3 8 21 22 2 32 38 47 21 39 41 38 21 37 27 35 30 44 32 32 44 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Definitely hiring Probably hiring Probably not hiring Definitely not hiring I don t know / I m not sure Q. Are you planning to hire for your business within the next 12 months? Base: Those who are self-employed or employed in a family business (3,151) Small base for Tunisia (88), Oman (82), very small base for Bahrain (56)
Personal ambition for business and future Over a third of respondents have personal ambitions to grow their business further in their country of residence (36%), followed by 22% who aim to become a major international group. Obtain more growth and profitability in my country of residence 36 Become a major international group 22 Become an important international player 21 Become an important regional player 19 Other 2 Q. Which of the following best describes your personal ambition for your business and future growth? Base: Those who are self-employed (356)
Attempt to start own business (those currently employed) When it comes to those who are currently employed, almost 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business. 17% of respondents have tried to start their own business but have failed, while 15% never thought of starting their own business. I am currently thinking of starting my own business 62 I have tried to start my own business in the past but could not do so/ or failed to do so 20 I have never thought of starting my own business 11 Don t know/ Can t say: 7% Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business? Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (4,797)
Attempt to start own business (those currently employed) By country Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Base: 2,407 172 44* 438 119 124 82* 81* 75* 252 141 453 43* 222 93* I have tried to start my own business in the past but could not do 21 18 23 23 29 21 21 10 21 16 16 21 23 19 27 so/ or failed to do so I am currently thinking of starting my own 59 64 59 64 45 62 59 67 65 50 67 56 56 59 59 business I have never thought of starting my own business 10 10 9 7 20 10 9 15 5 11 7 12 7 13 11 Don t know/ Can t say 10 8 9 6 7 7 12 9 8 23 11 11 14 10 3 Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business? Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (2,407) *Small / very small base, please read data carefully
Challenges faced in starting a business (those who tried but couldn t/ failed to do so) Of those who tried to start a business in the past, financial-related obstacles were the main reasons preventing them from starting their own business. Unable to obtain financial support Not able to self-finance the start-up of the business Economic uncertainty Strict government regulations/ Bureaucracy Strong competition in the line of business Corruption in business Fear of failure Difficult to obtain sufficient information on starting a business Cost of acquiring technology was prohibitive Unable to meet licensing and regulatory requirements Unable to establish the right contacts Do not have the requisite skills and experience Difficult to reconcile with family situation Lack of confidence/ risk-taking spirit Too much hard work and effort Lack of skilled workforce required in the business 4 18 16 14 13 12 12 11 11 9 9 9 7 37 53 52 Q. Given below are some reasons that people have identified which could prevent one from starting one s own business. Which of these prevented you from starting your own business? Base: Those who tried to start a business in the past but could not do so (494)
Section 3c PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Ease of setting up own business Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%). Respondents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) believe that to a greater extent when compared to GCC respondents (52%). 19 27 18 22 17 17 27 22 12 13 20 17 23 18 18 39 23 25 33 36 52 37 48 42 43 38 36 36 42 30 34 32 29 32 35 11 23 21 25 23 14 7 10 6 16 6 4 6 5 8 3 5 4 6 8 3 4 11 1 2 5 6 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia 19 10 2 7 11 1 Tunisia UAE Sudan Extremely easy Somewhat easy Neither easy nor difficult Somewhat difficult Extremely difficult Q. In your opinion, on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is extremely easy and 5 is extremely difficult, how easy/ difficult would you say it is to start your own business in the country you currently live in? 55 30 35 49 21 Base: Total (4,570) Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Government support for entrepreneurs Over half of respondents believe that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing laws and regulations of setting up a business (53%). Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business 53 Reduce taxation 16 Regulate competition among businesses 13 Facilitate access to skilled labor 12 Other 5 Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs? Base: Total (4,570)
Government support for entrepreneurs By country Taxation reduction is echoed more strongly in Jordan (39%). Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131 Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business 53 53 55 62 40 59 36 47 64 29 61 63 57 52 56 Reduce taxation 16 15 16 14 39 7 23 25 9 20 10 9 20 16 27 Regulate competition among businesses Facilitate access to skilled labor 13 14 10 11 9 18 19 12 13 19 13 10 9 13 8 12 11 14 7 6 12 17 10 11 26 12 14 9 13 4 Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs? Base: Total (4,570) *Small base, please read data carefully
Best time to start a business 43% of respondents mentioned that starting a business can be done any time while a third consider the best time to be mid-career (33%). 2 8 4 2 3 2 2 1 0 1 8 9 9 10 6 2 5 1 3 0 18 9 5 10 8 7 2 2 11 5 33 13 30 22 12 22 35 37 14 9 32 8 39 8 27 15 38 8 24 23 37 34 41 8 10 15 36 47 7 9 43 43 55 40 43 50 35 51 44 43 44 46 37 43 37 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Any time Right after college/ university Mid-career After a lengthy career Never Q. In your opinion when is it the best time to start one s own business? Base: Total (4,570) Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Advice to aspiring entrepreneurs Not being afraid of failure (44%) is by far the best advice to aspiring entrepreneurs. Having a great business follows at 12%. Don't be afraid of failure 44 Have a great business plan Have a great marketing plan Have a great business idea Do an extensive amount of market research 12 10 10 9 Have a great founding team 7 Have plenty of financing 5 Have a concrete exit strategy 1 Other 3 Q. What do you think is the single best advice to an aspiring entrepreneur? Base: Total (4,570)
Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship The most appealing industries for entrepreneurship are considered to be Real Estate/ Property Development (11%) and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG (8%). Real Estate/ Construction/ Property Development 11 Commerce/ Trade/ Retail IT / Internet/ E-commerce Consumer Goods/ FMCG 9 8 8 Manufacturing 6 Hospitality/ Recreation/ Entertainment Marketing / Advertising/ Public Relations Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals Engineering/ Design Tourism Business Consultancy/ Business Management Agriculture / Forestry Education / Academia 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship? Base: Total (4,570) Only industries>2% are presented
Real Estate/ Construction Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship Saudi Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Tunisia UAE Sudan Arabia Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131 Commerce/ Trade/ Retail IT / Internet/ E- commerce Consumer Goods/ FMCG 11 8 10 15 6 9 6 15 9 7 18 10 11 10 10 9 8 5 12 12 12 6 11 8 3 5 10 10 8 9 8 7 11 10 12 9 6 8 4 7 9 9 8 6 11 8 5 15 9 9 8 11 10 7 4 7 10 8 8 7 Manufacturing 6 10 1 10 6 5 2 6 4 4 7 5 13 4 8 Hospitality/ Entertainment 5 2 7 2 4 4 15 5 5 3 6 5 3 10 2 Marketing / Advertising/ Public 4 3 3 4 3 6 3 5 1 7 3 5 4 5 1 Relations Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals 4 8 4 3 2 13 1 3 7 3 7 3 8 2 2 Engineering/ Design 4 5 3 3 3 2 7 3 7 6 4 3 2 4 2 Tourism 4 7 3 4 4 2 4 4 8 2 3 3 2 6 1 Business Consultancy/ Business Management 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2 5 Agriculture / Forestry 3 9 1 2 1 1 1 2-3 5 1 5 2 12 Education / Academia 3 1 4 2 4 3 2 1 6 7 1 2 3 2 4 Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship? Base: Total (4,570) Only industries>2% are presented Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Top concerns while setting up business The top concern of respondents while setting up their own business, would be procuring finances to start (62%), the uncertainty of profit/ income (37%). Hiring the wrong people is a higher concern in North Africa (40%) as compared to 29% in the Levant and 27% in the GCC. Procuring finances to start 62 Uncertainty of profit/ income 37 Need to establish the right contacts Hiring the wrong people Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort 32 32 31 Making a loss Lack of good advice and mentorship Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace 26 25 24 Finding the correct insurance cover Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards 13 17 Other 2 Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about? Base: Total (4,570)
Top concerns while setting up business By country Saudi Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Tunisia UAE Sudan Arabia Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131 Procuring finances to start Uncertainty of profit/ income Need to establish the right contacts Hiring the wrong people Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort 62 69 55 61 70 51 53 74 61 41 58 67 74 56 79 37 27 45 37 39 42 48 29 36 46 41 35 19 42 26 31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37 32 49 21 36 36 21 29 39 30 18 17 33 40 22 40 31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37 Making a loss 26 25 16 39 26 21 22 32 15 16 13 30 24 19 20 Lack of good advice and mentorship Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace Finding the correct insurance cover Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards 25 30 18 23 26 22 21 31 31 29 20 25 26 23 23 24 26 26 27 26 28 29 21 23 19 22 23 21 19 19 17 11 15 15 17 14 15 20 18 24 14 17 18 16 19 13 14 19 16 8 14 11 7 11 7 20 16 15 14 11 Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about? Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Respondents perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity-driven (82%) and they help in creating new jobs (80%). They are opportunity-driven 51 31 12 4 2 They help in creating new jobs 53 28 11 5 3 They create new products/services for the society s benefit 43 33 16 6 3 They are a source of innovation in society 42 32 16 6 3 They are effective risk-takers 38 34 17 7 4 They mentor young people and promote the entrepreneurial spirit 38 28 19 9 6 They only think about their own profit 33 26 20 11 9 Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs? Base: Total (4,570)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Are they opportunity-driven? Respondents in North Africa (87%) perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity- driven more than those in Levant (82%) and GCC (80%). 42 31 40 32 4 2 6 6 2 31 4 5 12 9 9 4 22 13 12 6 32 31 4 32 3 41 13 13 15 15 20 14 8 11 31 33 28 27 26 31 22 36 31 24 31 32 42 37 32 51 54 52 58 45 45 38 57 39 42 52 50 58 52 61 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are opportunity driven Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Creation of new jobs Respondents in the UAE (87%) and Sudan (89%) agree that entrepreneurs help in creation of new jobs. 3 5 5 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 11 10 10 7 6 5 4 2 3 4 10 7 23 2 8 6 9 3 14 10 8 11 12 13 12 13 13 14 25 25 28 33 26 29 24 31 21 29 29 24 27 29 20 53 51 51 52 46 56 49 58 49 55 60 48 54 57 64 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They help in creating new jobs Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Creation of products/ Services Slightly over three-quarters of respondents perceive entrepreneurs to create products or services for the society s benefit. 3 4 0 6 5 8 2 3 3 8 6 9 4 2 4 4 5 3 2 2 5 7 4 6 8 6 1 4 3 16 12 16 13 16 19 14 17 13 18 14 17 17 18 11 33 41 38 31 38 30 48 27 31 27 30 32 33 30 34 43 38 37 43 34 44 33 48 42 48 49 42 40 45 47 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They create new products/services for the society s benefit Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Source of innovation Close to three-quarters of respondents (74%) perceive entrepreneurs to be the source of innovation in society. 3 5 6 5 1 3 3 3 8 7 10 6 32 4 2 3 5 32 3 4 11 6 6 8 3 5 1 16 19 15 18 18 19 18 14 16 15 20 16 16 17 13 32 32 36 31 28 32 31 30 31 38 32 31 32 35 36 42 38 38 44 30 41 39 47 39 42 49 41 40 48 50 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are a source of innovation in society Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Effective risk-takers Respondents in Egypt (79%), Tunisia (79%), the UAE (78%) and Qatar (78%) perceive entrepreneurs to be effective risk-takers. 4 5 7 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 9 6 10 6 5 5 8 4 3 3 5 6 6 1 1 7 6 17 22 11 9 14 19 16 21 18 19 10 14 14 22 21 16 23 34 31 30 35 36 36 34 30 41 35 33 29 38 37 38 34 48 45 27 44 31 35 39 38 48 33 44 43 43 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are effective risk-takers Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Mentoring young people Respondents in the GCC (70%) consider entrepreneurs to mentor young people and promote entrepreneurial spirit more than those in Levant (65%) and North Africa (62%). 6 7 3 9 8 8 9 6 7 6 3 6 5 3 10 7 11 8 9 7 5 5 7 4 3 8 7 12 12 20 13 16 19 25 15 22 23 19 18 18 18 20 22 23 28 22 26 27 27 26 27 26 32 25 32 27 35 24 29 19 38 34 42 36 26 39 32 41 44 47 47 37 32 42 39 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They mentor young people and promote the entrepreneurial spirit Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs Are they profit-driven? The perception that entrepreneurs are opportunity driven is higher in Pakistan (66%) and Egypt (63%). 9 12 8 9 8 9 7 11 12 7 11 13 15 10 12 11 14 8 12 11 20 20 17 20 18 23 25 23 18 36 27 25 26 23 26 24 21 29 34 16 33 33 37 34 41 33 33 25 25 24 13 9 7 11 11 16 11 14 11 11 21 18 20 19 23 27 31 26 29 32 25 32 31 29 24 Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia UAE Sudan Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?...they only think about their own profit Base: Total (4,570) Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Key to Success as an Entrepreneur Over a quarter of respondents believed that innovation is the key to success as an entrepreneur (27%), followed by employing the right people (25%). Innovation 27 Employing the right people 25 Access to funding 19 Being close to clients or customers 18 Access to advice and mentorship 8 Other 3 Q. In your opinion, what is the key to success as an entrepreneur? Base: Total (4,570)
Section 4 DEMOGRAPHICS
Respondent Profile (1/3) Country of residence Egypt 18 Saudi Arabia 18 Gender Male 79% Female 21% Age 18 29 45% 30 39 33% 40+ 22% Pakistan Algeria UAE Morocco 6 7 9 12 Jordan 5 Marital status Single 46% Married 51% Divorced 2% Separated 1% Number of children None 18% One 21% Two 27% Three 18% More than three 17% Qatar Kuwait Lebanon Sudan Oman Tunisia 2 2 3 4 4 4 Bahrain 2 Iraq 2 Others 2 Base: Total (4,570)
Respondent Profile (2/3) Working status Working full time (30 or more hours per week) Unemployed (Professional with past working experience) Unemployed (Recent graduates) Working part time (Less than 30 hours per week) Full- time student Retired Full-time homemaker or housewife Other 13 9 7 5 2 2 6 56 Elementary school Secondary school Vocational college education (e.g. to qualify as an electrician, nurse, etc.) University first degree (e.g. BA, BSc) University higher degree (Masters, MBA, PhD) Professional higher education (e.g. to qualify as an engineer, doctor, lawyer, Education 2 10 10 20 17 40 Up to US$ 200 per month US$ 201-500 per month US$ 501-1000 per month US$ 1001-2000 per month US$ 2001-3000 per month US$ 3001-4000 per month US$ 4001-5000 per month US$ 5001-6000 per month US$ 6001-7000 per month US$ 7001 or more No personal income Don t know/can t say/don t want to reveal Monthly income 14 14 12 10 7 4 3 2 1 2 20 12 Base: Total (4,570)
Respondent Profile (3/3) Type of employment Sector of employment Employed in the public/ or private sector 84 Private sector - Multinational company Private sector - Small or Medium Local 27 25 Self-employed/ have my own business 12 Private Sector - Large Local company Public/ government sector Semi-government/Quasi-governmental company 3 16 23 Employed in a family business 3 Charity or voluntary sector Other 1 5 Level of seniority at work Middle Management Senior manager/ Assistant manager/ Administrative officer etc. Junior Manager/ Team leader 26 29 Executive with no managerial responsibilities Senior Management CEO/ CFO/ President/ General manager/ Director etc. 14 17 Base: Those employed (2,862) Employed Professional Doctor / Lawyer/ Architect etc. 14
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