At a glance The Brain game At home activity Impulsive, socially anxious, uncompromising - these are some of the characteristics you may recognise in the teenagers you know. Scientists at the University of Oxford are researching into changes that take place in the teenage brain that may explain this change in behaviour. This activity is a game to model the neural strengthening and pruning process that takes place in the brain during adolescence. How to run the activity The Oxford Sparks animation 'Neural Pruning' describes the research into the teenage brain being carried out at the University of Oxford. It uses a model of a fairground to model the processes of neural strengthening and pruning that take place in the brain. To give you some information on the brain, you can read through the background information on page 2. The Brain Game is modelled on the traditional game of boxes. The game board models the brain, and the neural pathways within it as triangles. Players answer age appropriate 'brain training' questions, based on the skills that different parts of the brain are involved in e.g. problem solving, movement, vision, language and number. If they get a question correct they get a chance to strengthen a neural pathway by colouring in one line. The aim is to complete a triangle. At the end of the game, when all questions have been answered, the winner is the person who has claimed the most triangles. 1 The neural pathways that were not coloured represent those in the brain that are not used enough and are pruned. To play the game you will need Copy of page 3 (the game board) Cards cut from pages 4-9 A timer You can discuss what types of questions each person found the easiest, or the most challenging. Were there any questions that the adults found easier than the children or vice versa? Weblinks https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-still-underconstruction/index.shtml Further information on changes in the teenage brain
The Brain game Background information Neural pathways that were used more often were strengthened. Those that were not used often were lost, a process called neural pruning. Pruning happens at different rates in different areas of the brain. 2 The amazing brain The brain is a mass of nerve cells called neurones. Scientists estimate that an average mature brain contains around 86 billion neurones. Incredibly, this is around the same as the number of stars in the Milky Way. Messages pass along neurones as electrical impulses. Every time you experience a change in the environment, move, learn something new or recall a memory, impulses are sent along neurones in your brain along a neural pathway. Each neurone, on average, is transmitting an electrical impulse 200 times per second and connects to about 1000 other neurones via synapses. This means when each neurone transmits an impulse 1000 others get the same impulse. All in all this is an amazing 17 million billion bits of information whizzing around the brain every second. How the brain changes Your brain at birth contained about all the neurones you will ever have. Childhood is a time of incredible learning. When you were a baby, synapses were being formed at a fast rate; in fact you had twice as many as you will need in adulthood. The different regions of the brain and the processes associated with each. The teenage years Scientists think that in teenagers, the parts of the brain involved in emotional responses are fully developed, while the parts of the brain involved in keeping emotional, impulsive responses in check are still yet to mature fully. Such imbalances might be the reason why teenagers have an appetite for new experiences but may also act on impulse, without regarding risk.
3 Game board
4 Game cards The Brain Game Rules 1. Cut out all the 12+ game cards and the 5-11 cards. Shuffle them and place them face down in two separate piles. 2. The youngest player goes first. The person to their left takes a card from the correct pile and reads it out to them. The player completes the task on the card. If they complete it correctly, they get to strengthen a pathway on the game board. This is one line from a dot to another dot next to it. 3. Play passes to the person on their right and continues. If a player completes a full triangle, they should write their initials inside it. 4. Play continues until all game cards have been used. The person with the most triangles is the winner. Test your occipital lobe A Test your occipital lobe B Test your occipital lobe C You have 10 seconds to count the number of circles. 12+ 12+ 12+ You have 10 seconds to name the two different objects in this drawing. Which box is a different colour? A B C D E F
5 Game questions Test your parietal lobe A You need to get 5 or more of these sums correct in 30 seconds. 25 + 10 40-20 76-25 13+12 100-25 46 + 14 37 + 62 Read the tongue twister out loud as fast as you can 5 times with no mistakes: pad kid poured curd pulled cold 98-43 123-45 144-67 235-78 Test your parietal lobe B Test your temporal lobe B Which pattern, when folded, makes the cube? You need to listen to these number sequences one at a time and repeat each one back with no mistakes. 6-4-3-9 7-5-8-3-6 5-9-1-7-4-2-8 2-7-5-8-6-2-5-8-4 Test your parietal lobe C 12+ 12+ 12+ How many cubes are there? Test your temporal lobe C Test your temporal lobe A 12+ 12+ 12+ You need to listen to this list of objects and repeat them in any order: A dishwasher A cutlery set A pair of slippers A cuddly toy An alarm clock A laptop computer Tickets to the Bahamas
6 Game questions Test your frontal lobe A Answer these puzzles: 1. LIGHT is to DARK as HAPPY is to: GLAD SAD JOY EAGER 2. LOVE is to HATE as FRIEND is to LOVER PAL OBEY ENEMY 3. GROUND is to FOOT as RAIL is to WHEEL TRAIN IRON STATION Test your frontal lobe B 12+ 12+ What are these sayings? Test your frontal lobe C Which shape completes the sequence? 12+ Test your frontal lobe D How many triangles are there? 12+ Test your cerebellum A Stand up and raise one leg, bending the knee about 45 degrees with your hands down by your sides. Stay like this for 30 seconds without wobbling. Test your cerebellum B 12+ 12+ Place one arm out in front of you, close your eyes and quickly bring your finger to touch the tip of your nose.
7 Game cards Test your cerebellum C 12+ Draw a circle so the lines do not cross when they join. Test your occipital lobe A 5-11 You have 30 seconds to spot the 5 differences. X Test your occipital lobe B Test your occipital lobe C Test your occipital lobe D You have 20 seconds to count the number of circles. 5-11 5-11 5-11 You have 15 seconds to name the two different objects in this drawing. Which box is a different colour? A B C D E F
8 Game questions Test your parietal lobe A 5-11 If you turned this picture a quarter turn, like from 12 to 3 on a clock, what would it look like? Test your parietal lobe B Which shape was cut out? The shape can be turned. Test your parietal lobe C 5-11 5-11 How many cubes are there? Test your temporal lobe A Test your temporal lobe B Test your temporal lobe C 5-11 5-11 Read the tongue twister out loud as fast as you can 2 times with no mistakes: She sells sea shells on the sea shore Listen to these number sequences one at a time and repeat each one back with no mistakes. 5-7-4 6-4-3-9 7-5-8-3-6 4-8-1-5-3-2 5-11 Listen to this list of objects and repeat them in any order: A book A dinosaur A banana A milkshake A pencil case
9 Game questions Test your frontal lobe A What number comes next in each sequence? 5-11 Test your frontal lobe B What are these sayings? 5-11 Test your frontal lobe C Which shape completes the sequence? 5-11 1. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,... 2. 10, 20, 30, 40,... 3. 56, 55, 54, 53,... Test your cerebellum A Test your cerebellum B Test your cerebellum C 5-11 5-11 5-11 Stand up and raise one leg, bending the knee about 45 degrees with your hands down by your sides. Stay like this for 15 seconds without wobbling. Draw a circle so the lines do not cross when they join. X Place one arm out in front of you, close your eyes and quickly bring your finger to touch the tip of your nose.
10 Game answers 12+ questions Test your occipital lobe A: 18; B:horse and frog; C: F Test your parietal lobe A: answers are going down each column from left to right: 35, 20, 51, 25, 75, 60, 99, 55, 78, 77, 157; B: B; C:10 Test your frontal lobe A: 1: sad, 2: enemy, 3: wheel; B: falling temperature, fat chance, head in the sand, broken heart; C: E; D: 14 5-11 questions Test your occipital lobe A: white shape on chest a different shape, collar tag missing on dog on left, pad on foot missing on dog on left, white dot in left eye missing in dog on right, tuft of hair on top of head missing on dog on left. B: 12; C: duck and rabbit; D: B Test your parietal lobe A: B; B: B; C:7 Test your frontal lobe A: 1:9, 2:50, 3:52; B: humpty dumpty, big baby, three little pigs, I understand; C: D