Briefing on the Work Programme of the Population Division: International Migration and Development Bela Hovy, Chief Migration Section, Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), New York New York, 16 December 2011
Mandate (partners) 1. Substantive work Data and analysis (UNSD, UNICEF, World Bank) Migrant stock Migration flows Net migration 2. Intergovernmental (CPD/ECOSOC, GA) Substantive servicing of meetings (UN, GMG) 3. Interagency work Coordination (UNDESA, GMG, UN system) 4. Capacity-building (RCs, GMG)
(1) First session of the Population Commission, Lake Success, New York, February 1947 Nearly every branch of the Organization and of the specialized agencies requires prompt and reliable information on the number and characteristics of people in different parts of the world and on the manner in which their numbers are changing by birth, death and migration. We need accurate human accounting.
A/RES/65/170 international migration and development OP 21 Calls upon the system and their relevant international organizations and multilateral institutions to enhance their cooperation in the promotion and development of methodologies for the collection and processing of internationally comparable statistical data on international migration and the situation of migrants in countries of origin, transit and destination, and to assist Member States in their capacity-building efforts in this regard.
Of the 6.9 billion people in the world in 2010 214 million or 3.1 per cent were international migrants
South-South migration is as common North North 55 million (26%) 72.7 million (34%) South 2010 73.6 million (34%) 12.6 million (6%) South as South-North migration (based on migrant stock data)
Migration corridors (in thousands) Receiving Africa Asia Europe LAC NA Ocean ia Total Per cent origin Africa 17,171 4,459 7,571 32 1,875 339 31,447 55 Asia Sending Europe LAC NA Oceania Total Per cent destination 213,944
Migration corridors (in thousands) Receiving Africa Asia Europe LAC NA Ocean ia Total Per cent origin Africa 17,171 Asia 572 Sending Europe LAC NA Oceania 1,361 97 51 11 Total 19,263 213,944 Per cent destination 89
Migration corridors (in thousands) 14 3 62 55 79 89 Per cent destination 57 36 14 63 58 55 Per cent origin 213,944 1,476 3,845 33,029 60,702 83,445 31,447 Total 848 262 8 272 75 11 Oceania Receiving 69,819 848 4,092 38,504 18,531 7,571 Europe 163 1,373 981 430 51 NA 7,480 4,621 1,518 321 32 LAC 6,015 50,042 61,324 19,263 Total 102 23,571 545 97 LAC 2,618 9,101 7,602 1,361 Europe 1,946 13,861 48,213 572 Asia 339 1,875 4,459 17,171 Africa Ocean ia NA Asia Africa Sending
65+ 60-64 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 10-14 0-4 Compared to the total population, the young are underrepresented among international migrants Total population 10 5 0 5 10 Females 60-64 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 10-14 Migrants 10 5 0 5 10 Males while those of working age and over age 65 are overrepresented 65+ 0-4
International migrants in Africa and Asia are relatively young Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010 40 per cent or more 20 to 40 per cent Less than 20 per cent
while they are older in Latin America and Europe Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010 20 per cent or more 10 to 20 per cent Less than 10 per cent
percentage In 2010, about half of all international migrants are female. 52 50 48 46 44 42 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania however, there is no evidence for increasing feminization of migration at the global level
Global Migration Database International migrant stock data by country of birth, citizenship, sex and age >230 countries/territories since 1960s Censuses, registers, surveys > 2.7 million records >3,00 subscribers UNSD, UNICEF, UNDP- SU/SSC, WB
Annual average foreign immigration (flows for selected countries) 2,000 1,600 thousands 1,200 800 400 0 1970-74 1975-79 1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99 2000-04 2005-09 Northern America Australia and New Zealand Europe (traditional) (9) Europe (recent) (22)
The impact of the financial crisis: inflows of foreigners Thousands 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Australia Canada France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom United States Thousands 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Austria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Netherlands Luxembourg New Zealand Norway Russian Federation Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Switzerland
The impact of the financial crisis: net migration of foreigners T housands 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 60 40 20 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Australia Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom Thousands 120 100 80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Austria Denmark Netherlands New Zealand Russian Federation Sweden Switzerland
The role of South - North migration in immigration flows 1,600 Northern America 100 1,400 90 thousands 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 80 2,000 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 percentage thousands 1,600 1,200 800 400 Europe 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 percentage 0 1970-1975-1980-1985-1990-1995- 2000-2005- 74 79 84 89 94 99 04 09 Total Less developed regions 0 0 1970-1975-1980-1985-1990-1995-2000-2005- 74 79 84 89 94 99 04 09 10 0 Europe (traditional) (9) Less developed regions
percentage 7 6 5 4 Young people represent a major proportion of those migrating annually (distribution of migrant inflows by age to selected countries in Europe) 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 age
millions Differential impact of international migration on population change 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Europe Slowing decline millions 290 240 190 140 90 Africa Reducing growth, but little impact 0-10 40-20 -30 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 Total net change 2000-2010 2010-2020 Immigration-emigration Births-deaths 2020-2030 2030-2040 2040-2050 Northern America Adding to growth millions -10 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1950-1960 1950-1960 1960-1970 1960-1970 1970-1980 1970-1980 1980-1990 1980-1990 1990-2000 1990-2000 2000-2010 2000-2010 2010-2020 2010-2020 2020-2030 2020-2030 2030-2040 2030-2040 2040-2050 2040-2050
(2) International Migration and Development in the General Assembly A/RES/65/170, A/RES/63/225/ A/RES/62/270 A/RES/49/127 Regularly discussed in the GA since 1995 Report of the Secretary-General High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2006 and 2013 Informal Thematic Debate on international migration and development in 2011
N O N - U N International migration and development the global agenda Berne Initiative GFMD Philippines GFMD Belgium GFMD Mexico GFMD Greece GFMD Switzerland GFMD Mauritus GFMD (Troika?) GFMD Sweden 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 U N ICPD Doyle Report SRSG, CPD, GMG, HLD ITD UNGA Second Committee HLD and CPD
Global Forum on Migration and Development Origin Emerged from the 2006 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development Objective to advance understanding and cooperation on the nexus between migration and development to foster practical and action-oriented outcomes Character voluntary, informal, participatory, non-binding and Government-led process
Global Forum on Migration and Development Link to the UN SRSG (Special Representative of the Secretary- General on International Migration and Development) Sir Peter Sutherland Secretary-General meets with Chairs of the Global Forum
Global Forum on Migration and Development UNDESA s role - Participation in GFMD working groups - Participation in GFMD thematic meetings - Joint GMG statements - Support for the SG, USG, SRSG
(3) Interagency coordination (A/RES/58/208) Participants: UNDESA, GMG, UN Secretariat, NGOs, Member States about 100 participants Chairs of the Global Forum on Migration and Development 10th Coordination Meeting: 9-10 February 2012 Topics: data, remittances, human trafficking, labour migration, migration of the highly-skilled, financial crisis, capacity-building and knowledge sharing, migrant integration, etc.
Global Migration Group Created by Secretary-General in context of the 2006 High Level Dialogue 16 members, including the 14 entities, IOM and the World Bank, UNDESA member since 2006 Objectives: Apply international instruments and norms on international migration Promote coherent, comprehensive and coordinated approach to international migration
What does the Global Migration Group do? Meetings Working-level, principals, technical, symposia Working Groups Publications Handbook on Mainstreaming Migration into Development Planning International Migration and Human Rights Migration and Youth Factsheets, Symposia reports, etc. Support GFMD (i.e., working groups)
(4) Development Account Project on strengthening national capacities to deal with international migration (Regional Commissions and UNDESA) Objectives Provide tools for countries to take advantage of migration benefits Strengthen national institutional capacities to incorporate international migration into national development strategies Improve quality and availability of information Promote cooperation through an intra and interregional network Outcome 6 regional and 2 interregional workshops Inventory on information systems on international migration (UNECE and ECLAC have web-based inventory) Final outcome report (forthcoming) Toolkit (forthcoming)
Five steps to improve migration data in the long term, with existing institutions and at low cost are A M C P B Ask basic census questions country of birth, citizenship, previous residence by age and sex and tabulate and disseminate the answers Make better use of existing administrative data sources Compile existing data from surveys Provide access to micro data Build capacity to collect and disseminate data Centre for Global Development, 2009; based on the Report of the Commission on International Development Research and Policy
Activities of the Migration Section 2010-2011 (intergovernmental, interagency and capacity-building) United States 2/10 UNITAR, IOM, UNFPA, MacArthur Foundation 5/11 GMG 11/11 UNITAR, IOM, UNFPA MacArthur Foundation Switzerland 4/10 GFMD 9/10 GFMD 10/10 GMG 3/11 GFMD 9/11 Reg l Commissions 11/11 GFMD & GMG 12/11 GFMD & GMG Austria 7/10 GFMD Turkey 8/10 UNFPA 12/10 UNECE, UNFPA 10/11 UNECE, UNFPA Belgium 10/10 other Kyrgyzstan 2/10 UNECE France 6/11 GFMD & GMG Mexico 11/10 GFMD & GMG 10/11 Scalabrini Int l Mig Network Jamaica 2/11 Ramphal Commission Moldova 10/11 GFMD & GMG Georgia 7/11 GFMD & GMG Philippines 10/11 UNECE, UNFPA Colombia 9/10 Scalabrini Int l Mig Network Lebanon 6/11 Reg l Commissions Indonesia 11/11 UNFPA
The Future Strengthen the evidence base High-level Dialogue in 2013 Future of the Global Forum process Future of the Global Migration Group We look forward to our enhanced collaboration. Ideas welcome! www.unpopulation.org www.unmigration.org